The purpose of ancient people's efforts is to express their feelings accurately. These refined and vivid words, or enhance vividness, or full of interest, or make poetry more accurate, or make poetry dig out new ideas. The accuracy of words can be grasped from two aspects: real words and function words.
Content words are very well refined, usually verbs or adjectives, because they are often the key words of narration, scenery description, materiality and lyricism. For example, the words "wild bamboo smoke, flying springs hanging blue peaks" in Li Bai's "Dai Tian Visiting Taoist" are skillfully used. The word "fen" makes the static state of wild bamboo and clouds move, and the first spring is flying in the air. The word "hang" turns this dynamic scene into a static scene. It shows the steepness of the mountain peak and the straight fall of the mountain spring. The "hanging" in "Looking at the Waterfall Hanging in front of the River" also has the same effect. In Du Fu's "Looking for Flowers Alone by the Riverside", "Huang Si's family is full of flowers, and thousands of flowers are low." The images of "fullness" and "pressure" accurately show warmth and vitality, and show the poet's incomparable joy. Xiao Chucai changed Zhang Guaiyan's "hate" to "joy" for "only hating peace and killing old ministers in the south of the Yangtze River". "Disliking peace" is dissatisfaction with world peace, and "taking pleasure in world peace" is a poetic change. Qin Guan's "painting the mountain and sticking the grass in the sky" is to draw the outline of the line by taking the actions of "painting" and "sticking". Kong's "Mourning for the Past in the South of the Yangtze River" contains "weeping willows at dusk alone". The word "leftover" is striking and passive, meaning "remnant" and "leftover". In addition, the word "leftover" has a sense of time and gives people a sense of helplessness.
Second, analyze the poetic vision from the perspective of novel discourse.
The use of classical lyrics and songs is innovative and innovative. In order to make poetry "new" and "strange", some rhetorical devices are often used to express it. Therefore, the appreciation of poetic eyes can be broken through rhetorical devices such as personification, exaggeration, metaphor and synaesthesia.
Du Fu's "Where the petals have fallen like tears, the lonely bird has sung a sad thought", flowers and birds feel sad, flowers also splash tears, birds are also heart-pounding, so how can people be inferior! The feeling of hating parting adds another layer.
Cui Daorong's "Sit and watch the dark clouds and rain fiercely, spray the mountains before it clears up", "Hold" and "Spray" not only personify the dark clouds, but also write down the intensity of the rain, which has a strong sense of pouring. Once the "title" and "foam" enter the poem, the "dark cloud" has life and moves like a dragon.
Li Bai's "white hair, three thousands of feet, long sorrow" and "three thousands of feet" are extremely exaggerated, which shows the length of his sorrow.
In addition, Du Fu's "The morning bell is wet outside the cloud, and the resort is in the smoky stone hall", and the word "wet" shows that the bell passes through the air and the reverberation disappears in the distant horizon, and the sense of touch is used to express the vision, which clearly shows the poet's feeling that he can't go ashore in the "bitter rain". The touching feeling of "many red leaves in the temple burn people's eyes" gives people a strong impression, precisely because of the clever use of exaggeration and synaesthesia and the refinement of the word "burn"
Third, understand the vision of poetry from the author's thoughts and feelings.
Tao Yuanming's Return to the Garden shows the author's idea of being tired of officialdom and willing to return to the fields. "If you stay in a cage for a long time, you can return to nature", and the word "return" reproduces that eager joy.
In Wang Changling's "Flower Selling", the words "I am disappointed that Dongfeng has nowhere to say, I have no education and no leisure to enjoy the spring flowers" and "I have nowhere to say" are in the poet's eyes, but Dongfeng is silent. In fact, it implicitly expresses extreme dissatisfaction with the arrogance and extravagance that even Dongfeng will occupy.
The word "deep" in Li Bai's To Wang Lun "Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, but not as deep as Wang Lun" reveals the poet's praise for Wang Lun's friendship, which not only summarizes the content of the poem, but also skillfully links "the depth of the pool" with "the depth of friendship".
Liu Zongyuan's Jiang Xue is a lonely boat, and an old man is fishing in the cold river-snow is lonely. The word "loneliness" describes the poet's lofty and aloof character and also expresses his political frustration.
Lu You's remark that "the fortress is empty, the temples in the mirror have faded" tells the poet's frustration, indignation and unfulfilled ambition for many years, and accurately and vividly explains the theme of the poem. Fourth, appreciate the poetic eye as a whole.
Appreciating poetry must be combined with the content or whole poem, and it is forbidden to discuss words with words and sentences with sentences. Wei "Spring tides bring rain late and rush, and no one crosses the river". "Horizontal" is "horizontal" or other meaning? When the rain is urgent and the water is swift, the unattended boat tied to the shore can't "sideways" in the river, but swings freely with the swift river. This is a dynamic beauty, not a static beauty. Horizontal shows the poet's calm and sad feelings.