The origin of quatrains can be traced back to the Six Dynasties and even the Han and Wei Dynasties, but it was not until the Tang Dynasty that they finally finalized and appeared in large numbers. As far as five-character quatrains and seven-character quatrains are concerned, the former matures a little earlier than the latter; In the early stage of the former's maturity, we should first mention Yang Jiong and Lu, who were also called "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty" (Zi Zi 'an, 650-676). Hu Yinglin once praised Wang Bo's works as "wonderful in one place" when talking about five words in the early Tang Dynasty. Wang Shizhen also said: "Five words, early Tang Dynasty, Wang Bo alone." The following is one of his poems entitled "In the Mountains":
The sorrow of the Yangtze River has stagnated, and Wan Li's thoughts will return.
The night is high and windy, and the mountains fly.
Unfortunately, Wang Bo only lived to be 28 years old and drowned while crossing the sea. In his short life, his official career was bumpy and he traveled everywhere. This poem expresses his worries about travel, which may have been written when he visited Bashu after being rejected by Emperor Gaozong.
The first half of this poem is a couplet. The poet called "Wan Li" the "Yangtze River", which is a geographical concept to describe the situation far from home. Taking "going home" as the antonym of "staying behind" is a concept of time, which is used to describe the situation that tourists and travelers stay behind for a long time without going home. The words "sadness" and "yearning" in the two sentences are used to point out the feelings and wishes arising from the above situation. In the second half of the poem, the scene is dotted, and the late autumn scenery of "windy night" and "yellow leaves flying" further highlights this "sadness" and "yearning" mood.
The first sentence, "the sorrow of the Yangtze River has stagnated", may literally be interpreted as lamenting that it has been stranded by the Yangtze River for a long time. Evidence can be found in his poem Farewell: "Wandering wanderers are tired of Jianggan", and in the fourth poem of the other four people, "Going to the river in a foggy cage" and "Why not stay long?" But if we look at it together with the following sentence "Wan Li", perhaps the poet also thought of Wan Li in the Yangtze River, far away from Wan Li, which caused the sadness of the journey. The title of this poem is "In the Mountains", or it may be the poet's excitement when he saw the Yangtze River on the mountain, and his sadness when he stayed for a long time and compared with the river flowing eastward day and night. Similar to this poem are Du Fu's "The great river flows away, and the wandering sun and the moon grow longer" ("Chengdu Mansion"), and Xie Tiao's famous sentence "The great river flows day and night, and the guest is sad" ("I will send the capital temporarily, I will send Xinlin to Beijing at night, and give it to my colleagues in Xifu"). Here, the relationship between "Yangtze River" and "stagnant flow" and "great river" and "wanderer" and "guest heart" can be associated by poets themselves or readers. This is a common problem when we appreciate poetry. Poetry is different from prose, its words are extremely refined and need ethereal writing; Therefore, it is impossible and unnecessary to explain the cause and effect of things clearly in poetry, which requires readers to figure it out for themselves. Within a certain range, understanding can vary from person to person. This is the reason why the so-called "poetry fails to express its meaning".
The second sentence, "Wan Li misses and will come back eventually", seems to come from Song Yu's Nine Arguments, but there are at least two different interpretations of "sending back" in Nine Arguments: one is to say goodbye to those who will return; One is to bid farewell to the old times. Regarding the "going home" in this poem, if we look at some other farewell poems mentioned above, such as Farewell, Four Other Poems and Wang Zi Security Collection, we can adopt the previous explanation; If you look at the second half of this poem, you can also take the latter explanation. But it is better to interpret the word "year" in this sentence as homesickness. In other words, the "return" of this sentence, like the "delayed" of the previous sentence, depends on the person who is far away from home, that is, the poet himself. However, there is also a saying that it seems reasonable to regard the "stagnation" in the previous sentence as the "sadness" of living in a foreign land and the "return" of this sentence as the "missing" of a home thousands of miles away. This is another example of "poetry fails to convey its meaning", and readers may wish to make a choice from their own appreciation angle. Three or four sentences, "The mood is high and the wind is late, and the mountains are yellow and the leaves are flying", are not only the real scene that the poet saw in the mountains, but also the artistic conception obtained from the two sentences of "Autumn is sad and angry, and the vegetation is bleak and declining" in Nine Arguments. As far as the whole poem is concerned, the scenery written in these two sentences plays a role in setting off the feelings written in one or two sentences, and there are elements that use the scenery to express feelings. Here, the bleak autumn wind and falling yellow leaves are not only used to contrast homesickness, but also used to describe the poet's bleak mood and wandering situation. Of course, this analogy has a distance. At the same time, at the end of the article, I arranged the sentence of "the mountains are yellow and the leaves are flying" described by pure scenery, and wrote with the theme of scenery. Shen Yifu said in "The Mystery of Yuefu": "Every sentence should be put out, with endless meanings, and it is best to knot feelings with scenery. "The conclusion of this poem is profound and intriguing.
Poetry is often a combination of lyricism and scenery writing in art, interwoven into articles. Hu Yinglin pointed out in Poems: "Poetry is not only sentimental, but also beautiful." Xie Zhen said in Four Poems: "Poetry is based on emotion and scenery. ..... scenery is the medium of poetry, and emotion is the embryo of poetry, which is combined into poetry. " Wang Fuzhi also said in the preface to the sunset: "Love and scenery, named two, are inseparable. God is infinite to poets. " The first half of this poem is lyrical, and the second half is landscape. However, the scenery that poets see in the mountains where the wind sends autumn and the yellow leaves fly and dance is a catalyst for the sadness and homesickness of long-distance guests; And when he climbs the mountain near the water, he wants to see things with me, and when he writes his thoughts, he wants to write the scenery with love. So the scenery written in the second half must be the embryo of the first half of the relationship. Emotion and scenery in poetry interact, penetrate each other and blend into one. The long-lost homesickness in the first half of the song is enriched by the touch of the late autumn scenery; In the second half of the song, the wind blows away the leaves, which also strengthens its appeal because of the injection of homesickness.
Wang Bo also has a poem entitled "Ji Chun":
The guest's heart is tired for thousands of miles, and the spring is once.
I also hurt the North Garden and saw the fallen flowers flying.
The rhyme of this poem "Ji Chun" is exactly the same as that of "In the Mountains". Both poems are about the worries and thoughts of tourists, but they are written in different seasons and in different environments: one is written in late autumn and the other is written in late spring; One is written on the mountain, and the other is written in the garden. Therefore, although the two poems have the same feelings, the scenery is different: in the mountains, the poem is used to set off the feelings of the autumn wind and Huang Yefei; The poem "Ji Chun" is used to set off the scenery of spring and fallen flowers. The writing of the two poems is also different. As mentioned earlier, in the mountains, the first half of the poem is lyrical, and the second half is about scenery, so the feelings and scenery are separated. In the poem Ji Chun, love and scenery are intertwined. In the first half of the song, "Hakka people are tired for thousands of miles, and spring affairs return once", a lyric and a landscape description make Hakka people's fatigue and spring affairs return once, and the distance of thousands of miles is in contrast with the speed of once. In the second half of the poem, "I hurt the North Garden and see the fallen flowers", and the two sentences look at both the scenery and the feelings. The scene of flying flowers in the North Garden is the appearance of returning from spring, and the sentimental feelings it reveals because of seeing the falling flowers in the garden again are the fuse that causes guest fatigue. The scene here is presented with emotions, and emotions are caused by the scene. Although it is different from the poem "In the Mountains", the two poems are also works where things and I meet and scenes blend. In contrast, the pen and ink of the poem In the Mountain is more vigorous, the image is more muddy and the sentence pattern is more mature. The poem "Ji Chun" is slightly weak and exposed, and the third sentence is out of touch with the second. However, the combination of the two poems will help to further understand the poet's feelings and the connotation of poetry, as well as the application and changes of poetic pen.