Du Fu, thirty-six immortals in Qing Dynasty
Ci is known for its ancient style and rhythmic poetry, and its styles are diverse. It accurately summarizes its work style with the words "depressed and frustrated", mainly depression. Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Most of his poems involve social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings. His poems reflected the social contradictions and people's sufferings at that time. His poems recorded the historical changes of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and expressed the lofty Confucian spirit of benevolence and strong sense of hardship, so they were called "the history of poetry". Du Fu is concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. Du Fu wrote more than 1500 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been celebrated through the ages, such as Three Officials and Three Farewells. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. Du Fu's poems handed down from generation to generation are the most extensive in the Tang Dynasty, and he is one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Du Fu's works are called human scars and sages in poetry. The people are in poverty, and the bottom of the pen is turbulent. It is a masterpiece of realistic poetry.
Rhyme plays an extremely important role in Du Fu's poems. The achievement of Du Fu's metrical poems lies in expanding the scope of expression of metrical poems. He not only writes about entertainment, nostalgia, travel, feasts and landscapes with Chang Song poems, but also writes about current events with Chang Song poems. It is difficult to write current affairs with metrical poems, but Du Fu can use them freely. Du Fu writes metrical poems freely, changes as much as he can, conforms to the law without seeing the shackles of metrical poems, and is in neat opposition without seeing the traces of antithesis. For example, there is such a poem in Yang Lun's Ascending the Mountain, which is called "The Seven-character Law of Du Ji": "There is a flurry in the sky, apes crow and birds crow, blue lakes and white sands, and birds crow at home. The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness. Bad luck has a bitter frost on my temples, and heartache and fatigue are a thick layer of dust in my wine. " [19] The whole poem is also very precise and elegant in tone sentence patterns. Eight sentences are all right, so is the first sentence. Strict antithesis is concealed by the fluency of the image, and strictness becomes sparse.
The highest achievement of Du Fu's metrical poems can be said to be that this style is fluent and makes people forget that it is a metrical poem as soon as they are written. Such as "Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night": "Good rain knows the season, when spring comes. Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently. Wild trails and clouds are all black, and rivers and boats are bright. Look at the red and wet place, Jinguancheng flowers are heavy. " The last four sentences use flowing water to write down the charm of spring rain in one breath, unexpectedly and silently, and at the end, write down a surprise that suddenly looks back, which is rigorous and seamless.
Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. Du Fu's thought of paying attention to people's livelihood and his achievements in rhythmic poetry directly influenced the creation of new Yuefu by Yuan Zhen, Bai Juyi and others in the middle Tang Dynasty. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" archaic novel, which is also a history of poetry, began to narrate and focus on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetic art. The Song Dynasty, full of social contradictions, was the most prosperous time to learn from Du Fu, and the Jiangxi Poetry School with Du Fu as the Sect appeared. Gu and others in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties also had an obvious tendency to learn from Du Fu. They also used metrical poems to reflect the anti-Qing struggle at that time and were impassioned.