Appreciation of English poetry
Poetry expresses people's joys and sorrows in highly concise language and influences people's spiritual world in a unique rhythm and way. Poetry pays attention to association and uses various rhetorical devices such as symbol, metaphor and personification to form a unique language art.
English poems are voluminous and vary in length. In order to make everyone understand and appreciate English poetry, please learn from the following four aspects: meter, rhyme, style and evaluation.
First, the meter of poetry.
Rhythm is the arrangement format of light and heavy syllables at each step, and it is also the basis of light and heavy syllables when reading aloud. The foot is an analytical unit of a poem composed of stressed syllables and unstressed syllables. Stressed syllables are young (heavy), unstressed syllables are depressed (light), and steps can be separated by "/". Here are five common formats: 1. Iambus (light and heavy):
You/my love/my love are as beautiful,
I love so much:
I will always love you, dear,
Until the sea dries up;
Note: Art = you = you love = love them [your objective situation] Bonnie = beautiful A' = everyone = go.
In the above example, four steps and three steps intersect.
2. Each step consists of a stressed syllable and an unstressed syllable.
In the following example, it is a four-tone step (one light syllable is missing).
Tiger! /Tiger! /burning/bright
In the forest at night
3. iambic foot: Each foot consists of two unstressed syllables and one stressed syllable. Such as three-step iambic foot.
Like a child/from the womb,
Like a ghost/from the grave,
I stood up/took it apart again.
4. Yang Yi Ge (light and heavy case) refers to the foot: each step consists of one stressed syllable and two unstressed syllables. For example, the two-step lifting case.
Don't touch her contemptuously,
Think of her/think of her sadly.
5.Amphibrach: Each step consists of an unstressed syllable, a stressed syllable and an unstressed syllable. For example, three-step iambic.
In the following example, diphthongs is iambic.
Oh, shh. You/my baby/your father is a knight.
Different metrical patterns often appear in the same poem, and metrical analysis has certain reference value for reading poetry. Modern poetry usually does not follow the standard meter.
Second, the rhyme of this poem.
Rhyme refers to the poetic writing technique of repeating vowels or consonants to achieve a certain rhyming effect.
1. Final rhyme: the most common and important rhyme.
1) rhyme: aabb type.
I shot an arrow into the air,
It fell to the ground, I don't know where it is;
Because it flies so fast.
Unable to follow its flight.
2) Rhyme: abab type.
Sunsets and evening stars,
Give me a clear call!
I hope there are no complaints in the bar,
When I went out to sea,
3) Homology: Some poems rhyme to the end, and most of them use a rhyme in the same poem. The following example uses /I:p/ as rhyme.
The forest is lovely, dark and deep.
But I have to keep my promise,
I still have a long way to go before I fall asleep,
I still have a long way to go before I fall asleep.
2. alliteration: refers to the same consonant at the beginning of several words in a line (stanza), forming a rhyme. In the following example, the alliteration of /f/, /b/ and /s/ is used to vividly write a scene of a ship sailing at sea.
The breeze blows, white foam flies,
Plough follows freedom,
We were the first to explode.
Sink into the silent sea.
Internal rhyme: refers to the internal rhyme formed by the repetition of vowels between words.
/I/ and /Iη/ appear repeatedly in the following poem, showing a happy and peaceful atmosphere.
Spring, sweet spring, is a pleasant king in a year;
Then everything blooms, and then the girls dance in a circle.
Cold doesn't sting, beautiful birds sing:
Cuckoo, puff, puff, puff!
Third, the poetic style.
Some poems are divided into stanzas, and each stanza consists of several lines (each line begins with a capital letter); Some poems are not divided into sections. At present, our common poetic styles are:
Sonnet (1. Sonnet), a short lyric poem originated in the Middle Ages, was popular in Italy in 13 and 14 centuries, and the representative figure was Petrarch of Italy. There are eleven syllables per line, and the whole poem has eight lines in one section, plus six lines in one section. The rhyme is abba, abba, cdcdcd (cdecde). The first eight lines of questions, the last six lines.
Later, Thomas Wyatt (1503- 1542) introduced sonnets into England, with iambic pentameter, three lines and one line, the first three sections asking questions and the last two sentences ending.
Spencer (edmund spenser, 1552- 1599) uses the rhymes abab, bcbc, cdcd, ee. Shakespeare (william shakespeare, 1564- 16 16) used the rhymes ABAB, CDCD and EE.
Sonnet 60
Like the waves rushing to the pebbled shore,
So our minutes are accelerating to an end;
Every place is different from the previous place.
In the hard work that followed, all the strikers were competing.
Jesus was born, once in the light,
Climb to maturity, wear a crown,
Twisted eclipses against his battle for glory,
Time now confuses his gift.
Time makes the brilliance of youth disappear.
Explore the similarities between the eyebrows of beautiful women,
Feeding on rare animals, but his sickle will move.
There is nothing but the movement of his sickle.
However, in hope, my poem will stand,
Praise your value, despite his cruel hands.
Precautions:
1. Pebbly: Pebbly
2. In order, all the people who advance are satisfied: work hard, follow each other, and the waves push forward. The waves push forward and then rush forward, one after another. There is a metaphor here, which means that time goes on endlessly.
3. In the subject of light: the ocean of light.
4. Crawl: Crawl
5. twisted solar eclipse: fierce solar eclipse
6. Trans-repair the profusion of youth: remove the mosaic on the face of youth. It poked the brilliance on the cheek of youth (referring to time).
7. Delves the paralles: Winklers: Dig down sunken ditches (figuratively speaking, time leaves deep wrinkles on people's foreheads).
8. Mowing the grass with a sickle: the harvest of a sickle (figuratively, it means the relentless passage of time)
9. the era of hope: the future era, the future,
1. It's like waves rushing to the beach.
2. Our era is coming to an end;
3. The back wave and the front wave are continuously replaced in cycles.
4. Push forward and hug back, one by one, and strive for the first place.
Birthday once appeared in the bright golden ocean.
6. Crawl to the prime of life, and then, not only climb to the top,
7. A violent eclipse will hide its brilliance.
8. Time tore up its previous gift.
9. Time pierces the brilliance on the cheeks of youth.
10. Dig a deep ditch in Midea's forehead,
1 1. All natural treasures are shouted by it.
12. Nothing standing upright can escape its sickle;
13. But my poems will last forever in the future.
14. Praise your virtue, no matter how cruel it is!
The theme of this poem is the ruthlessness of time and the immortality and eternity of poetry. From the beginning, the poet used vivid visual images as metaphors to attract readers' attention. In addition to using the rolling waves of the sea to describe the relentless flow of life time and endless life, the poet also uses the golden light of the sun to describe the relentless disappearance of time, and all good things and youth will not stay forever. It will disappear quickly with the passage of time. (in-depth study. ) This sentence is a metaphor that time will make youth and beauty grow old. This metaphor is a bit exaggerated at first glance, too bluffing or making a mountain out of a molehill. In fact, it fits in with the lofty and serious theme of poetry and shows the powerful destructive power of time. In the second line, the poet uses a third image to describe time: the passage of time is like the harvest of a sickle. Finally, these two less gentle metaphors imply the ruthlessness and cruelty of time and are extremely vivid. Like the last sonnet, the poet finally concluded that time is cruel, but his poem will never stand, praising the virtue of "you".
The last "you" in this poem is quite puzzling. According to some critics' guesses, Shakespeare's sonnets are either dedicated to a handsome single youth or a beautiful black woman. Who is "you" in this poem is really thought-provoking.
2. limerick: it is usually a joke or even a lie, generally without a title or the author's name, with humor and irony, and often uses puns, internal rhymes and other techniques. Each poem has five lines, and the rhyme is aabba, and the meter is mainly iambic and iambic.
There was a young black lady.
She smiled while riding a tiger;
They rode back.
The lady is inside,
And the smile on the tiger's face.
3. blank verse: iambic pentameter verse without rhyme.
Through the watery bales, and shout:
Answering his call, trembling bells,
Long cheers, screams, loud echoes.
Double and double: crazy convergence
The noise of joy! …
4. Free verse: a common style in modern poetry. There are lines of different lengths in the same poem, which do not pay attention to rhyme and meter, but only pay attention to the images and emotions expressed in the poem. This format was adopted by American poet walt whitman.
For a poem, personal feelings will be different. A poem with smooth rhythm, concise language and novel association is a good poem. A poem that piles up words, expresses feelings blindly and has no actual content can only be a poem of the next generation.
In the 20th century, British and American poetry used a lot of free verse, which was close to spoken English. This is a bold innovation and probably the general trend of poetry development.
But I was on deck, next to the captain,
My heart is sad and my steps are heavy. Everyone is singing, ah, people are beaming!
But I was on deck, next to the captain,
My heart is sad and my steps are heavy.