Liu Changqing and Wei are poets with high artistic achievements and great influence in Dali. They care about reality and sympathize with people's sufferings.
Liu Changqing (AD? —about 789), there are some outstanding works that show political frustration, reflect the turbulent reality and expose the darkness of society, such as Jia Yijia in Changsha, Six Songs to Send the Army, Fan Pingqu, Tired Soldiers, and Everyone in Muling Guanbei returns to Yuyang. His five-character quatrains and metrical poems are highly accomplished. For example, "Lord of Furong Mountain in the Snow": "The sunset is far away, and the cold light is white. Chai Men smells dogs barking and returns to people in the snowy night. " In just four sentences, a picture of a snowy night in a mountain village is vividly outlined.
The creative activities of these poets in the early stage of the middle Tang Dynasty made full preparations for the revival of poetry in the middle Tang Dynasty.
During the period from Zhenyuan in Tang Dezong to Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (785-820 AD), the society was relatively stable with a short-term rebound. There is a peak in the development of Tang poetry. Its symbol is the rise of two major schools of poetry. One is headed by Bai Juyi, with Yuan Zhen, Zhang Ji, Wang Jian, Li Shen and others as two wings; The other is headed by Han Yu, with Meng Jiao, Jia Dao, Lutong and Li He as the two wings. Faced with the dilemma of "extremely prosperous and difficult to continue" poetry creation, they dare to seek change and innovation, and strive to absorb innovative ideas and artistic nutrition from Du Fu's profound poems. The inheritance of Du Fu by the white poets is mainly manifested in his courage to face up to reality and attack the darkness. They learn from Du Fu's spirit of "setting topics according to events" and writing current affairs with Yuefu poems, and strongly advocate the use of Yuefu poems to reflect the sufferings of people's livelihood in theory and creation, so as to further carry forward the realistic spirit of Du Fu's poems.
Bai Juyi (772-846 AD) was named Lotte, and in his later years he was named Xiangshan Jushi. He put forward that "articles should be written for the current situation, poems should be written for things", and poems should play the social role of "judging the current politics and releasing human feelings". He wrote more than 170 allegorical poems, including 50 new Yuefu poems and 0/0 Qin Zhongyin poems. Some reflect the poverty and suffering of farmers, some satirize the extortion of rulers, some expose the debauchery and shamelessness of the rich and nobles, some oppose the tactics of militarism, and some sympathize with women's misfortune. Bai Juyi's sharp eyes on observing the society are injected into almost every corner, which makes satirical poems rich in realistic content and strong fighting spirit. Such an organized and planned criticism of the shortcomings of the times is unprecedented in previous Yuefu poems.
Bai Juyi tried harder to pursue the fluency and conciseness of poetic language, making his poems catchy and chewy. See wheat cutting, Ling Du Cuo, Xinfeng Brokeback Weng, selling charcoal Weng, Guangpang, buying flowers, etc. It is a masterpiece of this kind of poetry. Bai Juyi also wrote a lot of "leisure poems" and "miscellaneous poems" that expressed feelings with scenery. There are many famous articles that have been talked about. For example, at the age of 65,438+06, he wrote five laws "Farewell to Ancient Grass", in which "the wildfire is still unfinished and the spring breeze is high" skillfully combined with the expression of ambition, making the poet famous all over the world. Seven laws "Spring Tour in Qiantang Lake": "The spring scenery on the lake is like a picture scroll, and the peaks are scattered around the steps. There are thousands of green hills on the pine row and a pearl in the heart of the moon. Early rice is pumped by the blue carpet line, and the green Luo skirt shows Xinpu. I can't throw it into Hangzhou, half of it is this lake. " And the four-line poem "Ode to Mujiang": "A round of setting sun is sprinkled in the water, half of the river is rustling, and half of the river is red. It's a pity that the third night of September is like a real pearl and a bow. " The scenery is very beautiful and moving. A suggestion to my friend Liu: "Old bottles are new green, and static stoves are fried red. It feels like snow outside at dusk. How about a glass of wine inside? ? "Show a familiar and informal friendship with plain spoken English.
Zhang Ji (AD 766? -830? ) using poetry to fight against the dark reality, he is good at refining the plot and language, and strives to be easy to understand. Some of his lyric poems are fresh and natural, and affectionate. For example, "Appreciating Zhu Qingyu": "Yue Nv's new makeup looks in the mirror, and he knows that he is more thoughtful. Wan Qi is not expensive in the world, but a piece of Lingge is the enemy, Wang Jian (AD 766? —83 1 year) is as famous as Zhang Ji. His poems also reflect social reality in many aspects, and are more nuanced in expressing and observing folk customs and folk life. Such as his "Bride": "On the third day, cook instead of me and wash your hands to make bride soup. I decided that not my mother-in-law, but my husband's sister should smell like Fiat. " Yuan Zhen (779-83 1) was as famous as Bai Juyi and was called "Bai Yuan" at that time. His satirical poems have a certain depth of thought, which is not as good as Bai Juyi's in art. His Poems of Lotus Palace are a long narrative poem, which is the same as Bai's Song of Eternal Sorrow. This is his masterpiece. The three mourning poems he wrote for his dead wife were touching. For example, "this is a kind of sorrow that all mankind must know, but not as well as those who have been poor together!" " Li Shen's "New Yuefu" (772-846 AD) contains two poems for farmers, saying, "If you plant a millet in spring, you will reap 10,000 seeds in autumn. There is no waste of heaven and earth, and the toiling peasants are still starving to death. (1). ""It was noon on the day of weeding, and sweat dripped down the soil. Who knows that Chinese food is hard? " (2).