(1) The flower of a gentleman. Chrysanthemum, quiet and elegant, aloof and proud of the world, has always been a symbol of recluse feelings. Meng Haoran's Passing the Village for the Aged expresses the poet's feelings of visiting friends and advocating seclusion. "Prepare chicken and rice for me, old friend. You entertain me on your farm. Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city. Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops. Wait until the mountain is on holiday, and I will come back in chrysanthemum time. " The first six sentences are about old friends, and the appointment will come right away, honest and sincere; Write about the rural environment, the green trees are faint, the green hills are harmonious, light and secluded, and there is no world; Write about the host and guest drinking, if Sangma comes to the table, the nursery, seemingly trivial and lively temperament. Six poems tell us that the subject and object look at the mountains, and their feelings are flowing, natural, unique and pure. In the last two sentences, the host and the guest meet: Double Ninth Festival, drinking and enjoying chrysanthemums, and reliving old feelings. "Chrysanthemum" is a portrayal of the life of a hermit who is far away from the secular and narcissistic, and it is also a reflection of the poet's personality and sentiment. Return reveals the poet's yearning for this indifferent, quiet, secluded and elegant hermit life. Jiao Ran's "Lu Hongxian without Home" vividly shows friends wandering mountains and rivers, soaring above the dust. "To find you, moved to the city, a broad path led me, after Sang Ma. The chrysanthemum near the fence has not been seen in autumn. There was no dog barking at the door, so I asked my neighbors in the west. Report the mountain and don't return at sunset. " The first four sentences are about the environment. Wild and uninhabited, overgrown with weeds, mulberry and hemp become forests; Near the house, the fence surrounds the garden, and autumn chrysanthemums are everywhere. Although there are no bright flowers in autumn, we can see from the hedges that friends' hearts are noble and their tastes are elegant. The last four sentences describe friends' activities from the side, wandering between mountains and rivers far away from the hustle and bustle, expressing their feelings for the world and setting high standards, not thinking about dust, not being tired of worldly things, unrestrained, free from vulgarity, vivid and elegant. The whole poem uses chrysanthemums to describe people, highlighting the hermit style.
(2) Flowers that felt sad at that time. The ancients had the custom of climbing high and looking far in sunny weather and drinking and enjoying chrysanthemums. Poets often use the Double Ninth Festival to climb mountains and enjoy chrysanthemums when they are wandering around after war, homesick, sad for the old, or worried about the people. Cen Can's "Thinking about Chang 'an Hometown on March 9th" brings himself and others from near to far, expressing the poet's worries about state affairs and concerns about people's sufferings in the war. "Strong desire to compare, no one to send wine. If you pity the chrysanthemums in your hometown, you should open them on the battlefield. "There is a sentence or two that I am lonely and lonely when I fight and don't drink, which implies dissatisfaction with the turbulent situation and unfortunate festivals. Three or four sentences: the poet is homesick for flowers and worries about the country and the people. Chang 'an's hometown is filled with war and smoke. Blood spilled, in the ruins, chrysanthemums were lonely and open, withered and broken. Qiu Ju's impressive close-up has obviously broken through the simple feeling of cherishing flowers and homesickness, and pinned the poet's sympathy for the people suffering from war and anxiety, as well as his desire to pacify the Anshi Rebellion at an early date. The whole poem pities chrysanthemum, feeling the sorrow of the times, leaving it in chaos and bitter hatred, which is sad. Du Fu's "Nine Days" is also devoted to flowers, homesickness and worrying about the country and the people. "Chongyang drinks a cup of wine alone and comes to power when he is ill. Bamboo leaves are nothing to people, and chrysanthemums don't have to bloom anymore. Mysterious apes crow at dusk, and the white goose in the old country comes before the frost. Where is the depression of my younger brother and sister? " The first four sentences say that the poet gave up drinking because of illness. Although he came to power, he drank "no points" and had no intention of enjoying chrysanthemums. So he ordered that "chrysanthemums don't have to bloom from now on". Naive and willful words reflect the hardships and hardships of the poet's life. Contrast five or six sentences with homesickness. Wandering in a different place is the setting sun like blood, and the black ape cries, and he can't help crying; Recalling that it was an autumn night in first frost in my hometown, White Goose came to the south and was very kind. This contrast reveals a strong homesickness. The last two sentences end with the feeling of missing relatives, pitying siblings, lamenting the old age and pinning their hopes on drifting away. "Battle" points out the tragic situation of the poet in war and wandering around the world. The whole poem laments the old age, worries about the country and the people, expresses the pain of parting, and expresses grief and indignation. Chrysanthemum, dyed with a thick layer of sadness, is not pleasing to the eye, but it can be thrilling!
3. Flowers of loyalty and purity. Chrysanthemums are not as rich as peonies, nor as precious as orchids. But it is cold-resistant, unyielding, noble, elegant and fragrant in Ao Shuang, which arouses the poet's feelings, activates the poet's heart, and urges them to write a song and express their feelings and aspirations by chrysanthemum. Yuan Zhen's "Chrysanthemum" expressed his love for chrysanthemum and praised its faithful character. "The bushes in autumn are like Taoist priests, and the edges around the fence are more and more inclined. It's not that chrysanthemums are preferred in flowers, but that this flower is even more flowerless. " Write a sentence or two about loving chrysanthemums. How deep is love? How strong is the feeling? Around the house, chrysanthemums are planted everywhere, and the autumn wind is cool and the chrysanthemums are brilliant. The poet was so absorbed in watching chrysanthemums around the fence that the sun went down before he knew it. The two details of "wandering" and "sunset" vividly show the poet's fascination and lingering about enjoying chrysanthemums. The reason why you love chrysanthemums in the third and fourth phases: flowers wither first, chrysanthemums wither later, and they are firm and unyielding after the wind and frost. This is the charm of chrysanthemum, and it is also a portrayal of the poet's steadfast mind after he was demoted. Zheng Gu's "Chrysanthemum" praised the virtuous character of chrysanthemum. "Wang Sunmo metaphor chrysanthemum, nine temples. The dew is wet and the autumn fragrance is full of pools, and the origin is not high. " Compare the different attitudes of different people to chrysanthemum in one or two sentences, and point out the nobility of chrysanthemum initially. Those children and grandchildren are sedentary, don't care about whole grains, and despise chrysanthemums as weeds. Generally, I climb the mountain and overlook it on the ninth day of September, drink chrysanthemum wine, wear dogwood bags and pick chrysanthemums between my temples. This shows that people love chrysanthemums and respect chrysanthemums. Three or four sentences also use contrast to show the noble temperament and noble character of chrysanthemum more intensively and forcefully. First describe the scene in autumn morning: the sun rises, chrysanthemums are exposed in the bushes, full of dew, moist and crystal clear, bright and lovely; The fragrance wafts all over the bank, which makes people feel relaxed and happy. The poet sang about the quality of chrysanthemums, comparing chrysanthemums by the pool with dwarf pines (a plant parasitic on the eaves of high-rise buildings) to show that chrysanthemums are noble, quiet and generous in offering fragrance. Although Vason is in a high position, he is actually "useless to people and useless to things." Here, the chrysanthemum is personified, and the author endows it with the ideological quality of not seeking high position and glory, emphasizing the tone of "no envy source" and highlighting the noble integrity of the chrysanthemum.
(4), the flower of the battle between heaven and earth. Lin Kuan, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem, "Don't trust the world right away, since ancient times heroes can interpret poems". Huang Chao, the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty, is such a person who knows chrysanthemums. His two poems about chrysanthemums sweep away the loneliness and vulgarity of chrysanthemums, highlighting the heroic spirit of chrysanthemums fighting against the sky and turning them into dry kuns. They are magnificent and inspiring to read. "Tite Chrysanthemum" wrote: "The rustling west wind is planted all over the courtyard, and it is difficult for cold butterflies to come. If I am Di Qing next year, I will report peach blossoms. " There is a sentence or two saying that chrysanthemums bloom in the wind, and first frost is cold-resistant, which shows that its neck is strong and indomitable. "Cold and fragrant" highlights the fragrance and coldness of chrysanthemums, but also reveals the poet's grievances about the untimely blooming of chrysanthemums. Three or four sentences tell the cold growing environment and unfair fate of chrysanthemums. The author fantasizes that one day he will become a "Di Qing" (Si Chunshen), and he wants to change the weather so that chrysanthemums and peach blossoms can bloom together in spring. Romantic imagination embodies the author's grand ambition. In the whole poem, the poet actually uses flowers to describe people and express his will. Chrysanthemum was the embodiment of the people at the bottom of Qian Qian society at that time. The author not only praised them against the wind and the vitality of Ao Shuang, but also felt indignant at their situation and fate, and was determined to completely change this situation and let the working people live a warm and happy spring. Huang Chao's other "Chrysanthemum" has created many majestic and murderous heroic images. "Until September 8th in Qiu Lai, I will kill all the flowers after they bloom. Tianxiang penetrates Chang' an and the city is full of golden flowers. " The first sentence is straightforward, expressing eager and strong expectations. The second sentence compares the blooming of chrysanthemums with the withering of flowers, which shows the spirit of chrysanthemum blooming and monopolizing the scenery, but actually implies that the people are extremely powerful and invincible. A word "kill" gives people a sense of power to destroy and forge ahead. The disappearance of flowers naturally refers to the disintegration of feudal forces and their arrogance. Three or four sentences describe the magnificent picture of chrysanthemum blooming. Clusters of chrysanthemums, all over Chang 'an, are fragrant, soaring into the sky, heroic, cool and powerful. This is not an open and splendid city chrysanthemum, but clearly a heroic warrior with perseverance and spirit! From them, we feel a dauntless spirit of fighting bloody battles, being brave and unyielding, and a heroic self-confidence of striving hard and being determined to win, which is a portrayal of the spiritual strength of the peasant uprising army represented by Huang Chao.