Guan Yu (160 or 162-219), whose original name was Changsheng, later changed to Yunchang, was born in Xieliang (Yuncheng, Shanxi), Hedong. A famous general in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Guan Yu followed Liu Bei when Liu Bei launched his army. He was loyal and deeply trusted by Liu Bei. Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang and others entered Shu, and Guan Yu guarded Jingzhou. After Liu Bei captured Hanzhong, Guan Yu took advantage of the opportunity to attack Cao Wei in the north. He besieged Xiangfan, captured Yu Jin, killed Pang De, and shocked China. The Central Plains was shaken. However, Soochow attacked Jingzhou and Guan Yu was defeated and killed. After Guan Yu's death, he was gradually deified and revered as "Guan Gong" by the people. There were many praises and titles from the courts of the past dynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, he was regarded as "the God of Loyalty and Righteousness, Wu Lingyou, benevolence, bravery and majesty, Guan Sheng Emperor", and was revered as "Martial Saint", along with "Guan Yu". Literary Sage" is as famous as Confucius. "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" respects him as the first of the "Five Tiger Generals", and Mao Zonggang calls him "the most righteous" among the "three unique things in the Romance". Guan Yu (?-220) was born in June of the third year of Yanxi (AD 160) of Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty. His original name was Changsheng, later changed to Yunchang. He was a native of Hedong Jie (now Yuncheng, Shanxi). He was a famous general in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. In his early years, he fled his hometown and went to Zhuojun, Youzhou. In the first year of Zhongping (184), Liu Bei, a clan member of the Han Dynasty, organized a volunteer army in Zhuoxian County to participate in the war to exterminate the Yellow Turban Army. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were among them. After Liu Bei held many official positions, he defected to his former classmate Gongsun Zan and was named Prime Minister of Pingyuan. He appointed Guan Yu and Zhang Fei as commanders of other departments and unified the divisions. The three of them were like brothers and often slept in the same bed together. When Liu Bei sat down, Guan and Zhang spared no effort to guard him.
Guan Yu
In the first year of Xingping (194), Cao Cao attacked Tao Qian and wanted to capture Xuzhou. Tao Qian asked Liu Bei for help. Liu Bei and Guan Yu led more than a thousand people to the rescue. Cao Cao After the soldiers retreated, after repeated concessions by Tao Qian and others, Liu Bei led Xuzhou to lead the herdsmen. In the first year of Jian'an (196), Liu Bei was attacked by Yuan Shu and Lu Bu and lost Xuzhou. Guan Yu followed Liu Bei and defected to Cao Cao. In the third year of Jian'an (198), Liu Bei and Cao Cao captured Lu Bu in Xiapi and captured Xuzhou. Guan Yu and Liu Bei followed Cao Cao back to Xuchang, and Cao Cao appointed Che Zhou as the governor of Xuzhou. Later, Yuan Shu went north to defect to Yuan Shao. Liu Bei was ordered by Cao Cao to intercept Yuan Shu in Xuzhou. Liu Bei took the opportunity to attack and kill the chariots, and ordered Guan Yu to guard Xiapi and lead Xuzhou. Liu Bei returned to Xiaopei.
Behead Yan Liang and serve Cao Cao
In the fifth year of Jian'an (200), Cao Cao attacked Liu Bei. Guan Yu was defeated and captured alive. He had no choice but to surrender. Cao Cao treated him as a generous gift and appointed him as a partial general. . Later, Yuan Shao sent generals Yan Liang, Chunyu Qiong, Guo Tu and others to attack Liu Yan, the prefect of Dongjun, in Baima. Cao Cao personally led the army to rescue and ordered Zhang Liao and Guan Yu as the vanguard. Guan Yu saw Yan Liang's subordinates, charged with his horse, beheaded Yan Liang in the midst of thousands of troops, and returned with his head. Yuan Jun's generals were unstoppable. The siege of the white horse was lifted, and Guan Yu was named the Shouting Marquis of the Han Dynasty. Although there are only nineteen characters in the record of "Zhan Yanliang" in "Three Kingdoms", it is one of the clearest records among the few texts in official history that describe the duel between ancient military generals.
At that time, in order to know whether Guan Yu wanted to stay for a long time, Cao Cao asked Zhang Liao to use human feelings to test. Guan Yu sighed to Zhang Liao and said, "I know how much Duke Cao loves me, but I have received the kindness of General Liu Bei and swear to death that I will never betray him. I will never stay. I will do so after I have made great contributions to Duke Cao." Leave." Zhang Liao told Cao Cao that Cao Cao knew that Guan Yu would leave, so he rewarded him heavily and wanted to keep him. However, Guan Yu sealed Cao Cao's rewards, left a letter to say goodbye, and returned to Liu Bei. Cao Cao wanted to pursue him, but Cao Cao thought that everyone was his own master and stopped him. Folk culture calls this story "Riding Alone for Thousands of Miles".
Strengthen the North Road and guard Jingzhou
Liu Bei defected to Liu Biao and stationed troops in Xinye. In the thirteenth year of Jian'an (208 years), Cao Cao went south and Liu Bei fled south. He sent Guan Yu to take hundreds of ships to join Jiangling. However, Liu Bei was chased by Cao Cao's army on the way. Fortunately, Guan Yu sailed to Hanjin and took a ship together. Xiakou. After Liu Bei and Sun Quan defeated Cao Cao, Cao Cao left Cao Ren and others to defend Jingzhou, so Liu Bei and Sun Quan's general Zhou Yu attacked Cao Ren and ordered Guan Yu to cut off Cao Ren's retreat. After Liu Bei acquired the four counties in Jingnan (Changsha, Lingling, Wuling, and Guiyang), Guan Yu was promoted as a hero and was granted the title of Grand Administrator of Xiangyang and General of Dang Kou. During this period, Xiangyang was actually Cao Cao's sphere of influence, and was garrisoned by Lejin, so Guan Yu Stationed in Jiangbei. After Liu Bei pacified Shu, he appointed Guan Yu to oversee the affairs of Jingzhou, and was authorized to take charge of the parts controlled by Liu Bei in the Jingzhou area, including the four southern counties of Jingzhou and the Nanjun headquarters borrowed from Soochow in Jiangling and the nearby public security. Guan Yu actually guarded the five counties of Jingzhou. (Nanjun, Changsha, Lingling, Wuling, Guiyang).
In the 20th year of Jian'an (215), Sun Quan knew that Liu Bei had captured Yizhou and hoped to take back Jingzhou. But Liu Bei said: "When I get Liangzhou, I will return Jingzhou." Sun Quan was very resentful about this, so he sent Lu Su to ask for Jingzhou. The generals of Sun and Liu had a "one-on-one meeting" in front of the battle. They argued with each other but eventually broke up unhappy. Sun Quan ordered Lu Meng to prepare to attack the southern part of Jingzhou. Lu Su sent more than 10,000 troops to Yiyang to contain Guan Yu, and Liu Bei led troops back from Yizhou for reinforcements. At that time, Guan Yu claimed to have 30,000 troops and selected 5,000 elites to cross the river from the upper reaches. Wu general Gan Ning led a thousand men to garrison. After Guan Yu learned about it, he did not cross the river and camped on the other side of the river. This place was later called "Guan Yu Lai". ". At this time, Cao Cao invaded Zhang Lu in Hanzhong, and Liu Bei quickly made peace with Sun Quan and agreed to divide Jingzhou equally, but the relationship between the two parties had deteriorated. Sun Quanfang hated Liu Bei and Guan Yu.
The water flooded the Seventh Army and shocked China
In the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an (219), Liu Bei was proclaimed the King of Hanzhong and made Guan Yu a former general, giving him a false ax. In the same year, Guan Yu attacked Fancheng in the north of Jingzhou. Cao Cao sent General Jin to lead seven armies (about 30,000) to rescue him. Heavy rain caused the Han River to surge. The seven armies led by Yu Jin were all trapped by the flood. The soldiers fled to higher ground to avoid the water. Guan Yu saw the opportunity and took advantage of the situation to attack in a large ship. It was known in history as "the seven armies flooded".
Because of poverty, Yu Jin surrendered to Guan Yu, and Pang De was captured by Guan Yu. He was beheaded by Guan Yu for not surrendering to Guan Yu. Guan Yu further besieged Cao Jun general Cao Ren in Fancheng and sent another army. Surround Xiangyang. Hu Xiu, the governor of Jingzhou and Fu Fang, the governor of Nanxiang County, both appointed by Cao Cao, surrendered to Guan Yu. At that time, many rebels in the county under Cao Cao's administration had already been controlled by Guan Yu, and many rebellions wanted to recruit Guan Yu for help. Cao Cao almost wanted to move the capital to avoid his power. History books record that Guan Yu was powerful in China.
The hero's end, defeated in Maicheng
In October of the 24th year of Jian'an (219), Cao Cao thought that Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty was in Xu and was close to Guan Yu's army, so he wanted to move the capital to avoid his edge. , Sima Yi, Jiang Ji and others dissuaded him, thinking that Sun Quan must not want to see Guan Yu succeed, so he could use Sun Quan's promise to grant Jiangnan to Sun Quan as a condition for him to send troops to attack Guan Yu from behind. At the same time, Cao Cao mobilized generals such as Xu Huang and Zhang Liao, as well as Pei Qian, the governor of Gunzhou, and Lu Gong, the governor of Yuzhou, to lead troops to rescue Fancheng, and even prepared to personally conquer Guan Yu. Sun Quan ordered Lü Meng to be the commander-in-chief of a surprise attack on Jingzhou, and personally led the army as backup. Mi Fang (Liu Bei's brother-in-law) and the public security guard Shi Ren surrendered without fighting due to a quarrel with Guan Yu in the important town of Jiangling in Jingzhou. Lu Meng effortlessly captured each county in Jingzhou one after another.
Guan Yu played by Lu Shuming (18 photos)
Xu Huang, who rescued Fancheng, thought it would be difficult to compete with Guan Yu due to insufficient troops. However, Cao Cao later sent generals such as Xu Shang and Lu Jian. As well as Yin Shu, Zhu Gai and other twelve battalions of soldiers and horses reinforced Xu Huang. In the end, Xu Huang went to battle and defeated Guan Yu's army besieging Fancheng. At this time, Guan Yu learned of the changes in the rear and retreated south, but the navy still controlled the Han River. Most of the family members of Guan Yu's army were in Jiangling (the seat of Nanjun). When they learned that Jiangling had fallen to Sun Quan, the soldiers gradually dispersed and retreated to Maicheng. In December, Guan Yu fled with dozens of horsemen and broke through to Linju (now Nanzhang County, Xiangfan City, Hubei Province), which was only a dozen or two miles away from Yizhou. He encountered an ambush by Ma Zhong, a general of Pan Zhang's tribe, and was captured. His son Guan Ping was killed in Linju.
After his death, he was highly respected
Sun Quan gave Guan Yu’s head to Cao Cao, and Cao Cao buried him in Luoyang with the courtesy of a prince. It is usually believed to be Guan Lin, but in modern times there is It is believed that Guan Yu's tomb in Guanzhuang Village is where Guan Yu's head is buried, and Guan Lin is just a place of worship built during the Wanli period. [4] At the same time, Sun Quan buried Guan Yu's body in Dangyang with vassal rites, namely Guan Ling, also known as Dangyang Tomb of the Great King. The Shu Han regime built a tomb for Guan Yu in Chengdu, which is the tomb of Guan Yu in Chengdu, to summon his soul and offer sacrifices. Later, the Guandi Temple was built in Jiezhou, Yuncheng, Shanxi, Guan Yu's hometown. It was the Guandi Temple in Jiezhou, and it was considered to be the place where Guan Yu's soul returned. Therefore, Guan Yu is also said among the people that "his head rests on Luoyang, his body lies on Dangyang, and his soul returns to his hometown (or "soul returns to Shanxi")."
Sun Quan's betrayal of the alliance and Guan Yu's murder also symbolized the complete breakdown of the Sun-Liu alliance. In the first year of Zhangwu (221), Liu Bei, the first lord of the Shu Han Dynasty, conquered Soochow in the name of revenge for Guan Yu. He made a special trip to the Dawang Tomb to worship Guan Yu and built a Guan Yu temple in Yuquan Mountain. Later, the Shu Han army was defeated by Sun Quan's army led by Lu Xun in the Battle of Yiling, and the Shu Han army completely lost control of Jingzhou.
In September of the third year of Jingyao (260 years), when Liu Chan, the later lord of the Shu Han Dynasty, was pursuing the posthumous title of several important ministers, he posthumously named Guan Yu "Zhuang Miaohou".
Edit this section of "Three Kingdoms: Biography of Guan Yu"
Guan Yu's courtesy name is Yunchang, his original character is Changsheng, and he is also known as "Jie Ren" in Hedong. He fled to Zhuo County. The First Master gathered his disciples in the village, and Yu and Zhang Fei defended them. The first ruler was Pingyuan, and Yu and Fei were the commanders and horses of the other tribes, and they divided and unified the tribes. The former master slept with the two of them in the same bed, as if they were brothers. However, the people in the crowd sit widely and stand around all day long, following the ancestors and not avoiding hardships and dangers. The First Lord attacked and killed Xuzhou's assassin Che Zhou, and sent Yu to guard Xiapi City and perform the duties of the prefect, while he was still in Xiaopei.
Guan Yu in the old version of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms"
In the fifth year of Jian'an, Cao Gong marched eastward, and the First Lord went to Yuan Shao. Duke Cao captured Yu and returned, worshiping him as a partial general. He was treated with great courtesy. Shao sent General Yan Liang to attack Liu Yan, the prefect of Dongjun, in Baima. Duke Cao sent Zhang Liao and Yu as the vanguard to attack. When Yu saw Liang's subordinate Gai, he rode his horse and stabbed Liang in the crowd, beheaded him and returned it. None of the generals were able to take the lead, so he broke the siege of the white horse. Cao Gong immediately granted Yu the title of Hou Tinghou of the Han Dynasty. At the beginning, Cao Gong Zhuang Yu was a man, but he noticed that he had no intention of staying for a long time, so he said to Zhang Liao, "Please try to ask him with affection." Then Liao asked Yu about it, and Yu sighed and said, "I know very well that Duke Cao treats me well, but I I have received the kindness of General Liu and swear to death. I will not stay forever. I will repay Duke Cao and then leave. "Liao repaid Duke Cao with his words, and Cao was righteous. When Naiyu killed Yan Liang, Duke Cao knew that he would go and rewarded him heavily. Yu finished the seal given by him, bowed to the letter and said goodbye, and ran to Yuan's army. The people on the left and right wanted to pursue him, but Cao Gong said: "Each of them is his own master, don't chase him."
⑴ "Book of Shu" says: Cao Gong and Liu Bei surrounded Lu Bu in Xiapi, Guan Yu Qi Gong, Bu He sent Qin Yilu to ask for help and beg for his wife, and he agreed to marry her. When it was about to be broken, it was revived again and again. The public suspected that it had a strange color, so he sent people in advance to see it, but because he kept it to himself, Yu felt uneasy. This is no different from what "Wei Shi Chun Qiu" said.
⑵ "Book of Wei" says: Lead Xuzhou with feathers.
⑶ "Fu Zi" said that the Liao Dynasty wanted to Bai Taizu, but he was afraid that Taizu would kill Yu. If he didn't Bai, it would not be in the way of the king, so he sighed and said: "Gong, the king's father; Yu, brother's ear." Then he sighed. Bai Zhi. Taizu sighed and said: "If you do not forget your roots, you will be a righteous man in the world. When will Du be able to leave?" Liao said: "When Yu receives the favor from the public, he will repay the public favor and then leave."
⑷Chen Song Zhi thought that Duke Cao knew that Yu would not stay, but was sincere in admiring his ambition, and that he would go without sending his pursuers to fulfill his righteousness. He did not have the attitude of a king and hegemon. How could he do this? It's true that Cao Gong's beauty is beautiful.
Liu Biao has been with me since the first lord. When Cao Gong settled in Jingzhou, he sent General Fan to cross the river south. He sent Yu to take hundreds of ships to Jiangling. Cao Gong pursued him to Changban, Dangyang, where he took a side trip to Hanjin, which was suitable for the Yu Chuan, and finally arrived at Xiakou. Sun Quan sent troops to assist the First Lord to resist Cao Gong, and Cao Gong led his troops to retreat. The First Lord took over the counties in the south of the Yangtze River and conferred homage to the heroes. He appointed Yu as the governor of Xiangyang and the general of the Dang bandits, stationed in the north of the Yangtze River. The First Lord settled Yizhou in the west and worshiped Dong Yu to oversee the affairs of Jingzhou. When Yu heard that Ma Chao had come to surrender, he was no longer an old friend. Yu Shu and Zhuge Liang asked, "Who can compare superhuman talents to others?" Liang Zhiyu came to the front and replied: "Meng Qi is both civil and military, he is extraordinary, a hero of his generation, a disciple of Ting and Peng, he should compete with Yide to be the first, but he is still not as good as the unparalleled Yiqun of Beard." "He has beautiful feathers and a beard, so he is called a beard." Yu Sheng wrote a letter of great joy to show his guests.
⑴ "Book of Shu" says: At the beginning, Liu Bei was in Xu and hunted with Duke Cao. During the hunt, the crowd dispersed. Yu advised Bei to kill the male, but Bei refused. When he was in Xiakou, drifting across the Yangtze River, Yu said angrily: "In the past, if I had followed Yu's words during hunting, I would not have been as trapped as I am today." Bei said: "At this time, I am also a cherished ear of the country; if I jumped to assist Zheng, I would not be in trouble today." "It's not a blessing to know this!"
Guan Yu in the new version of "Three Kingdoms"
Chen Songzhi thought that he would form an alliance with Daocheng later, but the news did not harm the evil ears. If you cherish Duke Cao for the sake of the country, why would you say this? If Yu is persuaded but refuses to follow, it will be because Cao Gong is a close relative and is actually a disciple. The matter is not permanent and is not caused by mistakes. Although Cao can be killed, his body will not be spared, so he will stop with a plan. , What a pity! The things of the past are entrusted to Yayaner.
He was hit by a stray arrow and penetrated his left arm. Although the wound healed later, his bones often ache every time it rains. The doctor said: "The arrowhead is poisonous and the poison penetrates into the bone. It is necessary to break the arm to make a wound." , scrape the bones to remove the poison, and then remove the ear." Yu then stretched out his arms and asked the doctor to chop it. At that time, Yu Shi asked the generals to eat and drink in front of each other. The blood from their arms flowed away and filled the dishes.
In the twenty-fourth year, the former Lord was the king of Hanzhong, and he worshiped Yu as the former general, and he used the festival axe. That year, Yu led his troops to attack Cao Ren in Fan. Cao Gong sent Yu Jin to help Ren. In autumn, there was a heavy rain, the Han River overflowed, and all the seven armies under the command of the ban were lost. Ban surrendered Yu, and Yu killed General Pang De. The bandits of Liang, Jia, and Lu Hun may have received Yu's seal from afar and formed a party for them, making Yu powerful in China. Cao Gong proposed to move to Xudu to avoid his influence. King Sima Xuan and Jiang Ji thought that Guan Yu would succeed, but Sun Quan would not want to do so. You can send people to persuade Quan to sneak behind, and promise to cede Jiangnan to enfeoff power, and then Fan will be relieved. Cao Gong followed. First, Quan sent an envoy to ask for Yu's daughter for his son, but Yu scolded and insulted his envoy and refused to marry, which made Quan furious. Mi Fang, the prefect of Nanjun, was in Jiangling, and General Fu Shiren was stationed at the police station. They all thought that Yu was underestimating him. When Yu Zhi went out to the army, Fang and Ren provided military supplies, but they didn't know how to rescue them. Yu said "we should treat him", but Fang and Ren were frightened and uneasy. So Quan Yin induces Fang and Ren, and Fang and Ren make people welcome Quan. Duke Cao sent Xu Huang to rescue Cao Ren, but Yu was unable to defeat him and led his army back. Quan had already taken control of Jiangling and captured all the Taoist wives. The Yu army dispersed. Quan sent generals to counterattack Yu, and killed Yu and Ziping in Linju.
⑴Dian Lue said: Yu surrounded Fan, Quan sent an envoy to ask for help, ordered the envoy not to advance quickly, and sent the chief book to kill Yu first. Yu was angry that it was too late to flood, and that he had been banned, so he scolded him: "How dare you, Qianzi, if Fan City is plundered, I will not be able to destroy your evil!" Quan heard this and knew that he was underestimating himself, so he wrote in a fake handwriting to thank Yu, promising To the past. The minister Songzhi thought that although Jing and Wu were on good terms with each other externally, they were wary of each other internally, so Quan attacked Yu and secretly attacked the enemy. According to Lu Meng's biography: "Hit the elite soldiers among the deer, make them wear white clothes and paddle, and wear them as merchant uniforms." In this way, if Yu doesn't ask for help from Quan, Quan will not say that Yu should go. If he was promised help, why would he hide his traces?
⑵ The Records of Shu say: Yu and Huangsu fell in love and talked to each other from afar, but their talk about life was not as good as military affairs. After a while, Huang dismounted from his horse and announced: "If Guan Yun grows his head, the reward will be a thousand catties." Yu was frightened and said to Huang, "Brother, what are you talking about?" Huang said, "This country's business is about us."
⑶Shu records say: Quan sent generals to attack Yu, and captured Yu and Ziping. Quan wanted to be alive and attacked Liu and Cao. He said to the left and right: "Don't raise wolves, for they will cause harm in the future. If Cao Gong doesn't get rid of them immediately, he will bring great trouble to himself, so he plans to move the capital. How can he survive now?" He was beheaded. Chen Songzhi wrote according to Wu's book: Sun Quan sent General Pan Zhang to walk against Duan Yu, and killed Yu as soon as he arrived. He also traveled two to three hundred miles to Jiangling from Ju. How could he not allow Yu to be killed from time to time before discussing his life or death? It is also said that "the desire for power can be used to defeat Liu and Cao." If this is not the case, it can be said by a wise man. Wu Li said: Quan sent his feather head to Cao Gong and buried his body with the rites of the princes.
After his posthumous title, Yu was called Zhuang Muhou. A son brings forth an heir. Xingzi Anguo, rarely asked, Prime Minister Zhuge Liang has a profound understanding of the matter. The weak ones were assigned the title of Shizhong or Zhongjun, and they died at the age of several years. The son is the heir, Princess Shang, and the official is Hu Ben Zhonglang General. He died without any children, so he extended his title to Yi, a concubine.
⑴Book of Shu says: When Yu first went out to surround Fan, he dreamed of pigs biting his feet. He said to Ziping, "I am declining this year, but I cannot return!" Jiang Biao's biography said: Yu Hao Zuo's biography, The satirical recitations are all catchy.
⑵ The Records of Shu say: Pang Dezihui followed Zhong and Deng to attack Shu. Shu was destroyed and the Guan family was completely destroyed.
Edit this paragraph's character evaluation of "Three Kingdoms"
The author of the Three Kingdoms, Chen Shou, commented: "
Guan Yu in the movie "Red Cliff"
Guan Yu, Zhang Fei is known as the enemy of thousands of people, and he is a tiger minister in the world. He serves Duke Cao, and he has the style of a national scholar. "
Wen Hui: "Guan Yu is so sharp."
Lu Meng: "He is tall and eager to learn. However, he is quite arrogant and likes to bully others." "Although East and West are now one family, Guan Yu is really a bear and a tiger, so Ji'an is not determined?"
Zhuge Liang wrote to Guan Yu: "Meng Qi is both civil and military. He is an extraordinary hero, a hero of this generation, the disciples of Ting and Peng, they should compete with Yide, but still not as good as the unparalleled Yi of Beard."
Guo Jia. , Cheng Yu called Guan Yu and Zhang Fei: "the enemy of ten thousand people"
Liu Ye called Guan Yu and Zhang Fei: "the brave champion of the three armies"
Zhou Yu called Guan Yu and Zhang Fei: "the bear "General of the Tiger"
Fu Qian called Guan Yu and Zhang Fei: "Brave and righteous, they are the enemies of ten thousand people, so they are generals."
Yang Xi's "Ji Hanfuchen". "Zan" praises Guan Yunchang and Zhang Yide: "Guan and Zhang Jiujiu were born in the Kuang Dynasty. They were carried on wings and looked majestic and fierce. They flew around the vassal screen with electricity and helped in difficulties. They praised the Lord's great industry and left traces of Han and Geng. , Confessing rudeness and causing treachery, he died in Kuang Kingdom."
Both Guan Yu and Zhang Fei became synonymous with bravery and fighting skills in later generations:
p>
Book of Jin Liu Xia's Biography: "Liu Xia of Jin attacked thieves every time and fell into forts to destroy the enemy. He hoped that he could compare with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei."
Book of Wei Cui Yanbo's Biography: "Cui Gong, the ancient Guan and Zhang also."
You can refer to the chapter on Guan and Zhang Zhiyong in Volume 7 of "Twenty-two Histories" written by Zhao Yi, which details the information that the ancients used Guan Yu or Guan and Zhang as synonyms for brave generals.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms"
Statue of Guan Yu
At the end of the Han Dynasty, he was invincible, and Yunchang stood out from the crowd.
< p> Divine power can lead to martial arts, and elegance can lead to literary knowledge.The sun and the heart are like mirrors, and the meaning of "Spring and Autumn" is thin as the clouds.
It is clear that it will last forever, more than three points!
With a red face and a red heart, riding a red rabbit to chase the wind, never forgetting the Red Emperor while galloping.
Viewing the history of history with a green lantern, holding a green dragon against the moon, the hidden place is worthy of the blue sky.
Romance Psalms
Eminent people only pursue the past to explain good things, and scholars and people strive to worship the leader of the Han Dynasty. Brother and younger brother in Taoyuan, Emperor and King Zudou Qianqiu.
The wind and thunder are invincible, and the ambition is shining like the sun and the moon.
To this day, the temple’s appearance fills the world with its ancient jackdaws and the setting sun!
Couplets praising Guan Gong
The master of tea couplets has a couplet in Tian's "Hundred Tea Couplets", in which the second couplet praises Guan Gong's "righteousness". Guan Gong's righteousness lasts from ancient times to the present, and this couplet is appropriately described as "Wangwang Daji". The full couplet is as follows:
"Hundred Tea Lian 002"
Han Xin orders troops, the more the better
Guan Gong is righteous and prosperous
Guan Yu Influence on later generations
The image of Guan Yu in opera
"The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has been widely circulated since its appearance in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty to the middle of the Ming Dynasty. It had a great impact on all walks of life, and Guan Yu's image of loyalty was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
Rulers of all dynasties strengthened feudal rule by building Guan Gong temples.
With Guan Yu’s status in official religion, it is also becoming increasingly popular among the people. As early as the Ming Dynasty, Guan temples were said to be "all over the world". "His words can be heard in Jingjing, and the drums and bells can be heard by each other. The number of Guan temples has increased with each passing year." By the Qing Dynasty, there were more and more Guan temples. There is a saying that "there are more than 10,000 Guandi Temples in the world", and it is said that "Nowadays, outside the Antarctic Ridge and the North Pole fortress, there are no children or women who can't help but be shocked by their power. The prosperity of the incense will be as immortal as the heaven and the earth." Emperor Yongzheng also believed: "From Tongdu Dayi down to the remote land of Shanyihaihao village and ruins, the people from the loyal ministers and wise men who admire virtue and uphold righteousness, down to Foolish men, foolish women, children, and lowly soldiers, where they worship the appearance of temples, run around praying, and look with respect and respect, as if they have seen it."
"Yun Chang is also a true righteous man! "Cao Cao's words reflect Guan Yu's loyalty. Now all "communities" worship Guan Yu. Written by Yang Yulong
Edit this paragraph's appearance characteristics
The appearance in the movie "Guan Yunchang"
"The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" describes Guan Yu's appearance as follows: "Nine feet long, two feet long beard, face as heavy as jujubes, lips as if painted with grease, red phoenix eyes, eyebrows lying like silkworms, "He has a dignified appearance and majestic appearance." His red phoenix eyes and lying silkworm eyebrows are rare in the world. The phoenix eyes are majestic, and the lying silkworms are like mist. They are heroic and domineering. It is said that when his red phoenix eyes open, he will kill people. Guan Yu has a beautiful beard and beard. The enemy of ten thousand people, both loyal and righteous; good at reading Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, and able to recite it fluently.
When he surrendered to Cao Ying, he still treated Liu Bei kindly.
He even scraped bones to treat poison. When Guan Gong attacked Fancheng, he fought with Pang De. Pang De pretended to drag his sword, but secretly fired an arrow and injured his left arm. After that, Guan Gong killed Pang De and imprisoned him. When he attacked Cao Ren, He was injured by an arrow from the city guard and hit his right arm. The arrow contained medicine and the poison had penetrated into the bone. His right arm was bruised and swollen and he could not move. The famous doctor Hua Tuo came to diagnose him and said that he needed to scrape the bone to remove the poison before he could recover. Guan Yu immediately stretched out his hand. Hua Tuo treated his arm and began to scrape the bones, and the blood flowed into the basin. However, Guan Yu was eating meat and drinking wine while playing chess with Ma Liang (everyone who saw him above and below the tent covered their faces with pale faces), with a calm demeanor and seemed to have no pain.
Edit this paragraph about family members
Since the official history "Three Kingdoms" and other books do not have many records about Guan Yu's family members, most of the content in this part comes from local chronicles, folklore and "Three Kingdoms". "Textual Research on the Lineage of the Holy Emperor" [1] (Textual Research on the Lineage of the Holy Emperor) and so on.
Grandfather
Guan Yu’s grandfather was called Guan Shen, with the courtesy name Wenzhi and the nickname Panshi. Gengyin was born in the second year of Emperor Yongyuan of the Han Dynasty and lived in Baochi, Changping Village, Jiezhou. Records say that he "loved Mu and loved Taoism" and often taught his son in "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn". In the second year of Emperor Huan's Yongshou, Ding You died at the age of sixty-eight.
Biological father
Yu’s father, Guan Yi, was named Daoyuan. He was extremely filial by nature. After his father's death was judged, he built a hut on the tomb and stayed in mourning for three years. After mourning, in the third year of Emperor Huan's Yanxi reign, Gengzi gave birth to Guan Yu on June 24th.
Wife
Various versions of "Bamboo Stele of Guan Emperor's Poems" (8 photos)
After Yu grew up, he married the Hu family, and Emperor Ling became famous. He gave birth to his son Guan Ping on May 13th of the first year of Wuwu. (Existing people believe that Hu's name is Hu Dingjin or Hu Jinding)
Children
Guan Ping, Guan Yu's eldest son, named Tanzhi (local chronicles and folklore), followed Guan Yu in the battle, and was captured together with Guan Yu. Killed in Linju. (In the novel, he is Guan Yu's adopted son, Guan Ding's second son, and Guan Ning's younger brother)
Guan Xing, Guan Yu's second son, named Anguo. He was well-known at a young age, both civil and military, and was highly valued by Zhuge Liang. After he was crowned weak, he served as a servant and supervisor of the army. He died a few years later.
The Guan family (in folklore, its name is Guan Yinping, and in games such as the Heroes of the Three Kingdoms series, it is named Guan Feng<; it is said that Guan Feng also comes from folklore, but the source is unknown>), Guan Yu's name Daughter, Sun Quan once proposed to his son, but Guan Yu rejected her and insulted the envoy (historical records indicate that Guan Yu did have a daughter, but her name was added by later generations and is not found in historical records).
Guan Suo (this is a character in the drama, not recorded in history), the third son of Guan Yu, also named Wei Zhi (folk legend). After Guan Yu lost Jingzhou, he recuperated from his injuries in Baojiazhuang. Zhuge Liang only returned to the army and served as a vanguard during the southern expedition against Menghuo.
Sun
Guan Tong, the son of Guan Xing, his wife was a princess, and he was an official of Hu Ben Zhonglang General. He died without any children.
Guan Yi, the son of Guan Xing, succeeded Guan Tong after his death.
Pei's note in "Three Kingdoms" says that after the fall of the Shu Han Dynasty, Pang Hui, the son of Pang De, killed all the Guan family members to avenge his father, and Guan Yu's line was cut off. But the credibility of this record is controversial. Later generations of Guan surnamed clans in Jiezhou, Dangyang, Luoyang and other places often claimed to be descendants of Guan Yu, but many of them cannot be verified.
Guan Yu's determination to "be in Cao's camp and be in Han" did not shake. When he learned of Liu Bei's whereabouts and wanted to say goodbye to Cao Cao, Cao Cao hung up the "avoidance" sign and refused to meet him, so he used Zhu He drew the "Wind and Rain Bamboo Poetry Picture" in ink, using bamboo as a symbol of ambition. There is a poem hidden in the painting. The poem is as follows:
Without thanks to Dong Jun, Danqing has its own name. Don't be afraid that a lonely leaf will never wither. [2]
After the bamboo poem picture was completed, Guan Gong sealed it with a seal and immediately protected the emperor's wife and left Xuchang overnight to find Liu Bei. After passing five passes and killing six generals, the three brothers finally reunited.
Cao Cao heard that Guan Yu captured the pass and left, and he admired Guan Yu's loyalty and courage even more, so he ordered people to carve Guan Yu's painting on the stone tablet. Nowadays, there are inscriptions of wind and rain bamboo painted by Guan Gong in many places in China. [3]
Edit this paragraph about the status of saints
Guan Gong is a culture; some people say that Guan Gong is a spirit. Otherwise, why are there so many Guan Gong temples in China and even overseas.
Among all the Guan temple buildings in the country, there are five or six that are best preserved so far: Guandi Temple in Changping, the hometown of Guan Yu in Shanxi, Guanlin in Luoyang, Henan, Guanling in Dangyang, Hubei, Guandi Temple in Jingzhou, Baling Bridge, Guandi Temple, Xuchang, Henan, etc. The largest and most magnificent one is the Guandi Temple located in the west of Jiezhou City, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, the hometown of Guan Yu. It still intactly retains the largest Guandi Temple in the country. There are more than 300 pavilions and pavilions in the temple, making it one of the tourist attractions. It can be called the best temple in the world.
Not only that, not only in China, but also in Japan, Southeast Asia and overseas Chinese, the worship of Guan Yu is also everlasting.
In Taiwan, which has a population of more than 20 million, there are as many as 8 million followers of Guan Gong. Almost every household has an incense case, a memorial tablet, and a holy image for Guan Gong. The annual sales volume of Guan Gong portraits in Taiwan far exceeds that of Mazu, their most worshiped deity.
The "Longgang General Association" in the United States is a non-governmental organization with Guan Gong as its ancestor. It has more than 140 branches all over the world where Chinese people live.
Countries in Southeast Asia are competing to build temples to worship Guan Gong, and the most prosperous one is Thailand.
In Japan, there was a Guan Temple as early as the Qing Dynasty; a few years ago, a new Guan Temple was built, which is said to be the largest overseas construction.
Mr. Davidk Jordan (Chinese name: David Jiao), a professor at the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, San Diego, and a Ph.D. in Anthropology at the University of Chicago, once said a very interesting thing; "I respect this great god of yours, he deserves Respected by all. His benevolence, righteousness, wisdom, and courage are still meaningful to this day. Benevolence is love, righteousness is credibility, wisdom is culture, and courage is not afraid of difficulties. If God’s people are like your Guan Gong, we will be respected. The world will become a better place.” The American scholar’s ??words are quite insightful.
The loyalty, righteousness, trustworthiness, wisdom, benevolence, and courage condensed in Guan Yu and admired by all generations embody the ethics, morals, and ideals of traditional Chinese culture, and permeate the essence of the Spring and Autumn Period of Confucianism. , and the values ????of life that are consistent with the teachings of Buddhism and Taoism are essentially the shining sun and moon, the majestic soul of China.