Purpose: The poet writes about the frontier war, but the focus is not on ethnic conflicts, but on sympathizing with the soldiers, satirizing and resenting the generals who do not care for the soldiers.
Appreciation
< p> "Yan Ge Xing" is not only Gao Shi's "first major chapter" (commented by the recent Zhao Xi), but also a masterpiece among the entire Tang Dynasty frontier poems. It has been recited through the ages and is not accidental. In the 15th year of Kaiyuan (727) ), Gao Shi once went north to Jimen. In the 20th year, King Xin'an Li Yi conquered Xi and Khitan, and he went north to Youyan, hoping to serve in the shogunate of King Xin'an, but he failed to do so: "Is there no Anbian book? All the generals have already "Cheng En. I was sad about Sun Wu's affairs and closed the door alone when he returned" ("Ji Zhong Zuo"). It can be seen that he made a lot of research on the military of the Northeast frontier fortress. Twenty-one years after Kaiyuan, Zhang Shougui, the governor of Youzhou, made a summary In border affairs, he initially had military exploits. But in the 24th year, Zhang asked Pinglu to attack and sent An Lushan to attack Xi and Khitan. "Lushan advanced lightly based on his courage and was defeated by the captives" ("Zi Zhi Tong Jian" Volume 210 5). In the twenty-sixth year, Youzhou generals Zhao Kan and Baizhen Tuoluo tried to force Shougui to force Wu Zhiyi, the Pinglu army envoy, to send troops to attack Xi and Khitan. They won first and then lost. "Shougui hid his appearance, and Gao Shi was deeply moved by the two defeats after the twenty-fourth year of Kaiyuan, so he wrote this article. The main purpose of the poem is to condemn those who were encouraged by the emperor. The generals were arrogant and underestimated the enemy, and were dissolute and derelict in their duties, resulting in the failure of the war and the great pain and sacrifice of the soldiers. The poet wrote about the frontier war, but the focus was not on the national contradictions, but on sympathy for the soldiers, satire and resentment on the generals who did not care for the soldiers. . The whole poem describes the whole process of a battle in a very condensed way: the eight sentences in the first paragraph describe the departure of the enemy, the eight sentences in the second paragraph describe the defeat, the eight sentences in the third paragraph describe the siege, and the four sentences in the fourth paragraph describe death. The ending of the fight. Between each paragraph, the context is dense. The first two sentences of the poem indicate the location and nature of the war. It is obviously referring to current events and is inspired by. "The man originally respected himself and ran rampant, but the emperor gave him great color." It seemed that he was praising the might and glory of the Han Dynasty when he was about to leave the country, but in fact it was ridicule and was not written in advance. Fan Kuai said in front of Empress Lu: "I would like to win a hundred thousand people and run rampant among the Xiongnu." Ji Bu scolded him for bullying her face to face. You should be beheaded. (See "Historical Records? Ji Bu Biography") Therefore, the origin of this "rampant" means relying on bravery to underestimate the enemy. Tang Ruxun said: "The smoke and dust are in the northeast. They are not invading our mainland. The Han generals are "Po Te Yu Kou'er. Since this generation is so serious and rampant, the emperor is so polite and courteous, how can he not provoke others?" (Volume 16 of "Annotation of Tang Poems") This understanding is correct. Then the description of the march is followed: "Walk the gold The beating drum descends to Yuguan, and the jingles meander among the rocks." Through this scene of the golden drum shaking the sky and swaggering forward, we can guess the general's arrogance before the battle, which is also a contrast to the following. When the battle begins, "College "The book of Wei Yu flies to the vast sea", the word "fly" warns of the critical military situation: "The Chanyu hunting fire shines on the Langshan Mountain", just like "watching the king of Ming hunt at night, riding a fire across the river to the Ming Dynasty, the mournful sound of drums and drums, shocking people!" (Zhang Zhang) Xiaoxiang's "Liuzhou Getou") Unexpectedly, the "Remnant Thieves" were so powerful. From Cijia to Yuguan and Jieshi, to Hanhai and Langshan, the eight-line poem summarized the journey of the expedition, gradually advancing, and the atmosphere also changed. Gradually from gentle to tense. The second paragraph describes the crisis and defeat of the battle. The beginning of the pen is "the mountains and rivers are desolate and the frontier soil", showing an open and unsafe area, bringing out a chilling atmosphere. "Hu Qi" is fast and fierce. , like a violent storm, rolling over the ground. The Han army fought hard to meet the enemy, killing them until the sky was dark, and they could not tell the difference between life and death. However, at this moment, those generals were far away from their positions to have fun: "There is still singing and dancing under the beauty's tent!" Such a harsh comparison of facts effectively exposed the contradiction between the Han army's lieutenant generals and soldiers, and hinted at the reasons for its inevitable defeat. Therefore, it was followed by a description of exhausted troops and sparse troops, a siege that was difficult to break, the sun setting over an isolated city, and the grass falling all over the sky. There was a distinct story The gloomy scenery characteristic of the frontier fortress highlights the desolation of the defeated soldiers' mood. "I am grateful to the enemy who always underestimated me, but I tried my best to pass the mountain without relieving the siege." In response to the above, the heroic spirit of the Han general's "rampant" has been wiped out, and his guilt has also been wiped out. There is no doubt about it. The third paragraph describes the pain of the soldiers, which is a deeper condemnation of the Han generals. It should be noted that this is not a general description of the war process, but a portrayal of the mood of the soldiers in the dangerous situation of being besieged. .The following three couplets, "Iron clothes guarded far away and worked hard for a long time", one sentence is to conquer the husband, and the other sentence is to miss the wife in the suspense of conquering the husband. They are intricately related, and the pain of separation gradually deepens. The young woman in the south of the city is sad day and night, but "How can I survive the floating in the courtyard?" The expedition to Jibei looked back in vain. After all, "How can there be no boundless land!" Thousands of miles away from each other, we will never see each other again. "Life is here, God's way is better!" It is even worse than what we saw in the daytime, but "the murderous intention is in full swing at three times." Clouds"; the only thing I heard at night was "the cold sound spread all night long"