Moved to the left to show his nephew Xiang in Languan
[Author] Han Yu? [Dynasty] Tang Dynasty
A letter was written to the Nine Heavens in the morning, and he was demoted to the Eighth Route of Chaozhou Road in the evening thousand.
If you want to eliminate the evils of the holy dynasty, you are willing to cherish the old age!
Where is Yun Heng’s Qinling family? The snow embraces the blue and the horse stops moving forward.
I know you came from afar with purpose, so that you can take me back to the riverside of Gumiasma.
Tags: narrative, lyrical, ancient Chinese poetry, other emotions, translation of "Zuo Qian moved to Languan to show his nephew Sun Xiang"
A remonstrance was sent to the emperor in the morning, In the evening, he was demoted and sent to Chaoyang, a far away place.
If you want to get rid of harmful things for the emperor, how can you begrudge the remaining life because of aging.
The clouds are rising across the Nanshan Mountains. Where is my home? Outside the snow-covered Lantian Pass, the horse also stopped.
I knew you would have some plans when you came all the way, and you happened to be collecting my bones by the Miasang River. Notes on "Zuo Qian came to Languan to show his nephew Sun Xiang"
(1) Zuo Qian: demoted, demoted, referring to the author being demoted to Chaozhou.
(2) Languan: in the south of Lantian County. "Geography": "There is Lantian Pass in Lantian County, Jingzhao Prefecture."
(3) Xiang: Han Yu's grandnephew Han Xiang, courtesy name Beizhu, Han Yu's nephew, Han Laocheng's eldest son, Changqing San In 823, he became a Jinshi and was appointed as Dali Cheng. Han Xiang was 27 years old at this time and had not yet passed the imperial examination. He came all the way south from Han Yu.
(4) One letter: refers to a memorial, namely "On the Bone List of Buddha".
(5) Chao (zhāo) memorial: Send the memorial in the morning.
(6) Nine-fold (chóng) sky: In ancient times, it was said that the sky has nine layers, and the ninth layer is the highest. This refers to the court and the emperor.
(7) Lubaqian: generally refers to a long journey. Eight thousand is not an exact number.
(8) If you want to eliminate harmful things for the emperor, you are willing to cherish your remaining years: If you want to eliminate harmful things for the emperor, how can you begrudge the remaining life because of aging. Disadvantages: political disadvantages, referring to the matter of welcoming Buddha's bones. Ken: How can you agree? Decay (xiǔ): weak and sick. Cherish your remaining years: Cherish your life in your later years. Shengming refers to the emperor.
(9) Qinling Mountains: in the southeast of Lantian County.
(10) The snow embraces the blue pass and the horse stops moving forward: Immediately reaching the blue pass, heavy snow blocks it, the road ahead is difficult and dangerous, and I feel very emotional. Support: blockage. Languan: Lantian Pass, now in the southeast of Lantian County, Shaanxi Province. The horse stops moving forward: Ancient Yuefu's "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Grottoes": "Driving the horse through the Yin Mountain, the mountain is high and the horse stops moving forward."
(11) Ru (rǔ): You, refers to Han Xiang. Ying Youyi: You should know that my departure will bring bad luck and bad luck.
(12) It’s good to collect my bones by the riverside with miasma: It means that I will die in Chaozhou and explain my funeral to Han Xiang. Miasma River (zhàng): refers to the miasma-filled river in Lingnan. Miasma Riverside: refers to Chaozhou, the place where people were demoted.
(13) Chaoyang: Today’s Chao’an District, Chaozhou, Guangdong. Appreciation of "Zuo Qian moved to Languan to show his nephew Xiang"
Han Yu, a literary figure in the mid-Tang Dynasty, took the restoration of Buddha as his own responsibility throughout his life. In his later years, he published the "Admonition to the Bones of the Buddha" and strongly advised the Xianzong to "welcome the bones of the Buddha into the palace." ", violated the "wrath of the master", and was almost sentenced to death. After the intercession of Pei Du and others, he was demoted from the Minister of Punishment to the governor of Chaozhou.
Chaozhou is located in the eastern part of Guangdong today, eight thousand miles away from Chang'an, the capital at that time. The difficulties on the road are self-evident. When Han Yu arrived at Lantian County, not far from the capital, his grandnephew Han Xiang came to accompany him. At this time, Han Yu felt like crying in a tragic song and wrote this famous poem. This poem and "Admonition to Buddha's Bone Table" are a perfect match, complementing each other and having profound social significance.
Han Yu spent most of his life in officialdom. He was promoted to Minister of Justice at the age of fifty because of his involvement in Pinghuai. Two years later, I suffered this disaster again, and I was in a very low mood, full of grievances, anger, and sadness. The first four sentences describe the origin of the disaster, and the meaning of injustice is clear. The first couplet directly stated the reasons why he was convicted and demoted. He proudly said that this "sin" was brought on by himself. Because of the crime of "a letter", his fate was to be "reported in the morning" and "demoted in the evening". And once he was demoted, he would be eight thousand miles away. However, in line with the spirit of "the Buddha is like a spirit, capable of causing misfortune, and if anyone is to blame for a disaster, it is appropriate to punish him" ("Admonition to the Bones of the Buddha"), he has no regrets even if he is severely punished.
In three or four sentences, he wrote "eliminating evil things", thinking that he was right, and expressing his indignation that he was convicted for his loyalty and was relegated for not being guilty. He was full of courage. Even though he caused a catastrophic disaster, he was still "willing to cherish his old age" and became stronger as he got older, making people feel his upright attitude. Five or six sentences are expressive to the scene, and the mood is sad and strong. Han Yu wrote in a poem about a crying girl: "I was demoted as the governor of Chaozhou for a crime and took a post to go to my post. Later, my family was also condemned and my daughter died. She was buried at the foot of the mountain next to Feng Post." It can be seen that he went ahead in a hurry to say goodbye that day. How did your wife feel when she was a child? Han Yu paid a heavy price for the above table. The words "Where is home?" contain his blood, tears and anger.
The last two interlocking titles are "Zhilanguan shows my nephew Xiang". The author was demoted to a distant place and was given strict orders to set off. Cang Que left home; his family members were also expelled and came later. When the poet arrived at Languan, his grandnephew Han Xiang arrived, but his wife and children were nowhere to be found. The author recounted in "Nu Na Kuang Ming": "The more he did it, there was an official who said he was guilty and could not stay in the capital, so he was forced to be sent away.
Nana was twelve years old and was ill at the table. Not only was he separated from his father in shock and pain, but he was also shaken on the walkway, lost food and drink, and died at Shangnan Peak Station. "Understanding these circumstances, you will know that appreciations such as "the neck couplet is purely about scenery" and "the realm is majestic" are not accurate. The upper and lower sentences of the neck couplet each contain two clauses. The first clause describes the foreground, and the latter clause refers to the scene. Lyrical. "Clouds cross the Qinling Mountains", covering the sky and the sun. Looking back at Chang'an, I don't know "where is home"? p>
"Clouds across the sky" and "Snow embraces" are both real scenes and have symbolic meanings. This couplet has a vast scene, a sad mood, and profound implications, and it has become an eternal famous sentence. The person who expressed the story now expected to die when he left, so he made arrangements for Han Xiang's funeral, saying "I can collect my bones" as a tribute. In the composition, he also echoed the second couplet. Although the words are sad, there is strength in the sadness. , showing the strong will to "save for the rest of the year" to "eliminate evil things".
These two sentences look back and look forward. "Qinling" refers to Zhongnan Mountain. (Li Bai's poem: "Always the floating clouds can cover the sun, and the absence of Chang'an makes people sad"), not to mention that the emperor is above the "Nine Levels", how can he be considerate of others? At this time, he is not only thinking about his family, but also worrying about state affairs. "The horse does not advance" is used in ancient Yuefu: "Driving the horse through the Yin Mountain, the mountain is high and the horse does not advance". He immediately rode to the blue pass, and the heavy snow and cold weather were associated with the words "the horse did not advance", which revealed the hero's lost path. Sad.
The conclusion is sad and solemn. "Zuo Zhuan: The Thirty-Two Years of Duke Xi" records that the old minister Jian Shu said when he cried for his master: "I will die in this time, and I will collect my bones." Han Yu used it. The meaning is to calmly explain the funeral affairs to the grandnephew, and the language closely follows the fourth sentence, further revealing the sad and unspeakable anger.
From an ideological point of view, this poem is similar to "Admonition to the Bones of the Buddha". One poem and one article can be called a double masterpiece, which can express the progressive side of Han Yu's thoughts. From an artistic point of view, this poem is a masterpiece among the seven verses of Korean poetry. It refers to the majesty of his style and the deep depression of his emotions, while the frustration refers to the sublimity of his technique: vertical and horizontal strokes, turbulent opening and closing, such as "Chao Zhao", "Xi Ban", "Nine Heavens", "Lu Baqian", etc. The contrast is sharp and highly summarized. The third and fourth sentences use "Liu Shui Dui" and the fourteen words form a whole, which makes people feel like they are natural. The first stroke is a lyrical description of the scene, "The clouds are horizontal and the snow is hugging", the realm is majestic. "Horizontal" means breadth, and "support" means height. The two words are very powerful, so the whole poem is majestic and majestic. It can produce the power to shake people's hearts.
Although this poem follows Du Fu, it is melancholy, desolate and tragic, and it is inspired by Du Fu's seven lines, but it is also innovative and can change and become its own identity, showing Han Yu's unique style. Literary poetry is a characteristic of poetry. Rhymed poetry has strict metrical requirements, but this poem can still be executed in the "article method", and it is used well. Although it has the characteristics of "literary", it is expressed in direct narration. In terms of methods, the use of function words ("desire to do", "willing to", etc.); at the same time, it also has the characteristics of poetry, which is reflected in the shaping of images (especially the fifth and sixth couplets, in the desolate scenery The poet's self-image) and the expression of Shen Zhi's deep feelings. The whole poem integrates narrative, scene description and lyricism, with rich poetic flavor and mellow poetic flavor. A brief introduction to Han Yu, the author of "Moving to Languan to Show Nephew Xiang"
Han Yu (768-824), also known as Tuizhi, was a writer, philosopher and thinker in the Tang Dynasty, Han nationality, Heyang, Henan (now Jiaozuo, Henan Province) Mengzhou City), his ancestral home is Dengzhou City, Henan Province, known as Han Changli in the world. In his later years, he served as the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, also known as the Ministry of Personnel of Han. His posthumous title was "Wen", also known as Han Wengong, and he was one of the eight great masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties. In 792 and later years, he successively promoted officials for the Jiedushi and supervised the censor. At the end of the day, Dezong was demoted because he wrote a letter about the malpractice of current affairs. During the reign of Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty, he served as doctor of Guozi, editor of the History Museum, and editor of the Zhongshu Sheren. In 819 (the 14th year of Yuanhe), he was demoted as the governor of Chaozhou because of his opposition to Xianzong's plan to welcome Buddha's bones. During the reign of Emperor Mu Zong, he successively served as the Minister of the Imperial Family, Minister of the Ministry of War, Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, Jing Zhaoyin and Imperial Censor. Politically, he opposed the separatist rule of vassal towns. During the Yuanhe period of Xianzong, he actively participated in the war against Wu Yuanji, a rebel vassal in Huaixi, and served as Pei Du's marching commander; ideologically, he believed in Confucianism and tried to exclude Buddhists and elders. At the same time, he promoted the theory of destiny and believed that "Heaven" Being able to reward good and punish evil, people can only comply with and obey the destiny. His theistic thought adapted to the need to consolidate feudal rule; in literature, he opposed parallel prose since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, advocating learning the prose language of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, breaking parallel prose into prose, expanding the expressive function of classical Chinese, and advocating that prose should be used to convey Tao, Together with Liu Zongyuan, he was an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty and opened up the development path of ancient prose since the Tang and Song Dynasties. Han Yu was good at using the words of his predecessors and focused on refining contemporary spoken language. He was able to create many new sentences, many of which have become idioms that have been passed down to this day, such as "adding insult to injury", "easily blamed", "chaotic", etc. He was a master of language. . Han Yu was the founder of the concept of "Taoism" in China's ideology and a landmark figure who respected Confucianism and opposed Buddhism. Later generations spoke highly of Han Yu. People in the Ming Dynasty regarded him as the first of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". Together with Liu Zongyuan, he was called "Han Liu". He was also known as "The Great Master of Articles" and "The Wen Zong of a Hundred Generations". His works are all collected in " "Mr. Changli's Collection".
Han Yu's other works
○ Spring Snow
○ Early Spring Presented by Zhang Shiba of the Water Department/Early Spring Light Rain/Early Spring
○ Teacher's Statement
○ Miscellany 4·Ma Shuo
○ More works by Han Yu