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Tao Yuanming (365-427)
Poets, Ci Fu writers and essayists in Jin and Song Dynasties. The characters have distinct personalities. Also known as diving. Xunyang Chaisang (now southwest of Jiujiang, Jiangxi) was born. Jing Jie privately, known as Mr. Jing Jie. Born in a declining bureaucratic family. Great-grandfather Tao Kan, the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was a courtier of Fu, and was named Changsha Gong. Grandfather was a satrap and his father died young. When he was a teenager, he lived in poverty, but he received a good family education and read widely. Since the age of 29, I have been an official, starting with drinking for Jiangzhou, and then idling; Huan Xuan, Jingzhou secretariat, as an official. Later, he resigned and returned to his hometown because of his mother's funeral, and began to farm in Xunyang, his hometown. After joining the army under Liu Yumen, he turned to Jiangzhou secretariat Liu Congjun, served as Peng for more than 80 days, resigned and returned to China. At the age of 42, he returned to the field and worked hard until he was poor and sick.
His literary creation is rich, including 25 poems 125 articles 12, which has great influence and occupies a very important position in the history of China literature. His existing poems include 9 four-character poems and 1 16 five-character poems. The former is general, while the latter includes two categories: homesickness poems and pastoral poems. Homesickness poems are rich in content: poems traveling with middle-aged officials express the homesickness of officials and reveal the filth and turmoil of the times; In his later years, there were lyric poems to express his ambition after returning to the fields, such as miscellaneous poems, drinking, chanting poverty, imitating the past, reading the classics of mountains and seas, elegy poems and so on. Or express the poet's attitude of sticking to the road of hard struggle, despising aristocratic families, refusing the call of rulers, and being indifferent to the world, or express the poet's concern for politics and his perception of rural life.
Pastoral poems include Nostalgia for Tian She, Persuading Agriculture, Returning to Farmland and Peach Blossom Garden Poems written in his later years. Poetry describes the rural scenery and rural working life, and on this basis expresses his social ideal. Among them, 50 pieces of "Returning to the Pastoral Residence" are representative works, which read "Warm People's Village, Smoke in Yiyi Market". The pastoral scenery of barking mulberry in the deep lane and the poet's happy mood; He wrote a labor poem about the innocence in the communication with the peasants, that is, "Meet each other without miscellaneous words, and get to know Sang Ma" and "Returning home with the moon". The story of Peach Blossom Garden described in The Story of Peach Blossom Garden not only has the historical and realistic background that people gathered in the mountains to take refuge in the war years, but also has the influence of Ruan Ji and Ji Kang who inherited the views of Lao Zi, Zhuangzi and small countries and few people since Wei and Jin Dynasties and advocated the theory of no monarch. At the same time, it also contains his experience of rural life, so it has become a masterpiece. Although his pastoral poems reveal the leisurely mood of feudal literati, they can't hide his feelings for farmers and his own working life.
His existing prose includes 3 poems, 5 rhymes and 4 essays. Among them, "A Sense of Being Unfortunate" expresses the pent-up resentment of the sergeant in "Shu Ren", though it is self-pity. "Gui Xi Ci" is his declaration of farewell to feudal officialdom, and it is an immortal work that has been passed down to this day. Prose "Biography of Mr. Wu Liu" and "Peach Blossom Garden" have great influence. Tao Yuanming's poetry and artistic achievements have been highly respected since the Tang Dynasty, which has had a very significant impact on the pastoral poets in the Tang Dynasty. His poems and essays were collected by Xiao Tong after his death 100 years ago, and they are called "Tao Yuanming's Collection", which no longer exists today. The earliest extant versions are the Southern Song Dynasty and the Early Yuan Dynasty. 9 1 1cha.com