You Mao (A.D. 1 127 ~ 1202) was born in Wuxi, a poet and minister in the Southern Song Dynasty. A.D. 1 148 (Chen Wu, 18th year of Shaoxing in Southern Song Dynasty). It turned out to be Taixing order. Filial piety, due to a large number of incorruptible, tired to move to Shao Qing, right assistant minister of does, and study national history, once right to write a book, do straight bachelor. Guangzong dynasty served Huan as a servant and gave services to others, and later granted Li Shangshu as a servant. Posthumous title "Wen Jian" after his death. 1 127 (the second year of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty) was born in a scholarly family in Wuxi on February 14th. You Mao was influenced by family studies since childhood. He can write poetry at the age of five, and 10 is called a child prodigy. 65,438+05 years old, he is famous for his ci in Piling County (now Changzhou, Wuxi belongs to Piling).
1 148 (Chen Wu, 18th year of Shaoxing in Southern Song Dynasty) You Mao was appointed as the magistrate of Taixing County. At that time, the mountains and rivers in the Song Dynasty were broken and tilted to the south of the Yangtze River. Taixing is located in the border area of Southern Song Dynasty, and nomadic people often invade it. "The old outer cities of this county have been repeatedly destroyed by bandits." After you Mao came to power, he pleaded for the people and abolished exorbitant taxes; While leading the soldiers and civilians to renovate the city wall. In October of Xinsi (A.D. 1 16 1) in the thirty-first year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, nomadic people invaded the south on a large scale, and Yangzhou, Zhou Zhen (now Yizheng) and other cities were all captured, only Taixing won by the city. After the nomads from the North and South Huaihe River ravaged the area, Huainan people suffered numerous casualties and were displaced. In the poem "Song of Huaishan", You Mao described the tragic situation of Huainan people at that time: "Being displaced again, enduring hunger and cold again; Who says the world is wide and there is nothing to rely on? After the funeral in Huainan, the nest was not long, and the deceased accumulated like hemp. How many mouths can the living eat? The barren tree falls in the west, so why worry if you don't touch it? "There are 60 sentences in the whole poem. Through the style of a displaced Huai people, the tragic scene of Huainan people in hot water is displayed in front of people. Every sentence of Yu is shocking.
You Mao made great achievements in Taixing. Later, he was transferred to Beijing as a secretary, editor of the National History Institute and reviewer of records, and was promoted to a writer and a prince. 1 172 (the eighth year of the Southern Song Dynasty) In February of the lunar calendar, You Mao was expelled from the capital in the following winter and became the magistrate of Taizhou (now Linhai, Zhejiang Province) because he participated in some ministers' opposition to Xiaozong's appointment of our army. During his stay in Taizhou, You Mao reduced or exempted the taxes of 1 10,000 landless poor families, and continued to raise the wall which was well known by his predecessor. Later, when there was a flood in Taizhou, the city was not flooded because of the high and thick walls.
When Youmao made achievements in Taizhou, some treacherous people made false rumors and slandered him, which aroused Song Xiaozong's suspicion and sent people to secretly investigate Youmao. What the messenger heard in Taizhou was people's praise for your hair. He returned to Beijing and truthfully made a return, and copied four East Lake poems written by You Mao in Taizhou and presented them to Xiaozong. Two of them: "Yao Lin is boundless for three days, and it will only be clear after three days of drought." I have never said that it is difficult in a day, and it is particularly difficult to get to Taizhou in one day. All diseases and scars have to be touched a lot, but the official confession is still clumsy. Self-pity martingale won more than twice the frost. "Song Xiaozong admired Mao's diligent spirit of loving the people. Soon he was promoted to promote Changping in Huaidong (now Huaiyang area), and then transferred to Jiangdong (now Nanjing and Guangde area) to promote Changping.
You Mao's tenure in Jiangdong coincided with the drought. He led the people in the struggle against disasters and tried his best to help the victims. Later, he was promoted to Jiangxi transshipment ambassador and Longxing (now Nanchang, Jiangxi) magistrate. In A.D. 1 182 (the ninth year of the Southern Song Dynasty), You Mao was called into the imperial court, and was appointed as a Langguan in the official department and an assistant to the prince, and later promoted to a Tang Dynasty envoy and a Zuo Yushi. In court, he was outspoken and dared to protest. In A.D. 1 183 (the decade of cherishing spring in the Southern Song Dynasty), You Mao wrote to the emperor, mercilessly exposing the political darkness at that time. The book said: "Urging households is urgent, and farmers complain; Tariffs are harsh and business travelers complain; Scholar-officials have the resentment of dereliction of duty; Cut it, the foot soldiers have insufficient complaints; Refuse to pay tribute to the times, and people who have been in prison for a long time complain; It's not that you are short of money, but that tired people complain; Rape and murder, Dortmund's rental life, make the dead complain; If a company buys it, not the price, the seller complains. " He asked Song Xiaozong to get rid of the malpractice in order to calm the people's grievances.
A.D. 1 187 (14th year of Southern Song Dynasty) In October of the lunar calendar, You Mao was appointed as the Taichang Taishou. He put forward many correct opinions on the court etiquette system and the use of talents, which was highly praised by Song Xiaozong. He served as an assistant minister in the official etiquette department, and was also a practitioner. Later, he worked as a scribe in the middle school and the straight bachelor's college. You Mao argued strongly and recommended Lu You to replace him, but.
Song Guangzong ascended the throne in February of the lunar calendar in AD 1 189 (16th year of Southern Song Dynasty). After he acceded to the throne, You Mao repeatedly advised him to "learn from scratch and be diligent in thinking" and warned him that "everything in the world is lost at the beginning, and then it can't be saved". He was very worried about Song Guangzong's practice of appointing cronies and abusing his title immediately after he acceded to the throne. He quoted the story of an old man who didn't care about Qin after Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, hoping to attract Song Guangzong's attention. However, Youmao's suggestion not only failed to impress Guangzong, but was slandered by some treacherous court officials, saying that he was a henchmen of Zhou Bida, who had retired. 1 190 (Shao xiyuan in the southern song dynasty), you Mao was expelled from Beijing again and became the magistrate of Wuzhou (now Jinhua in Zhejiang) and Taiping (now Dangtu in Anhui). Later, he was called to North Korea and became a painter. At this time, he also asked Guangzong to be "sincere without seeking" and "empty his benevolence", and repeatedly discouraged Emperor Song Guangzong from continuing to abuse the title. Song Guangzong can sometimes adopt Mao's suggestions, such as revoking certain decisions to promote his minister and so on. But sometimes he still sticks to his opinion and even loses his temper at Youmao's suggestion. On one occasion, Song Guangzong handed an important task to some officials who should not be promoted. Youmao's protest made Song Guangzong furious and immediately tore Youmao's newspaper to pieces.
You Mao was very dissatisfied with Song Guangzong's capriciousness. He begged officials to return to the fields several times, and gave you the title of "Sui Chu" in "Sui Chu Fu", a famous scholar in Jin Dynasty who refused to be an official and lived in seclusion in the mountains. Song Guangzong also wrote the word "Sui Chu". At the same time, he didn't agree with him to be an official, and he also promoted you Mao to be the minister of does. You Mao didn't return to China until he was seventy. A garden named Lexi was built by the Liangxi River in Wuxi. There are Wanjuanlou, Changge, Lai Zhuting and Eryouzhai in the park. 1202 (Ren Xu, Jiatai No.2 Middle School in Southern Song Dynasty), You Mao died at the age of 76. The main achievements of You Mao's life lie in his poetry creation and a large number of books, as well as the compilation of the earliest edition catalogue in China.
Fang Hui of Yuan Dynasty once said that the Southern Song Dynasty "rose from China, and poets must be called You, Yang, Fan and Lu." You Mao, Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda and Lu You are also called the four great poets in the Southern Song Dynasty. Unfortunately, a large number of poems, other works and more than 30,000 books by You Mao were all burned in a big fire. The 59 poems he sees now were collected from some local chronicles and books by his Qing descendant You Dong. Judging from the ideological content of these existing poems, You Mao, like the three poets Lu, Yang and Fan, expressed dissatisfaction with the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty at that time and was very worried about the broken mountains and rivers and the oppression of the people by foreigners. For example, in the poem "Falling Plums", we can see the poet's anxiety about state affairs, as well as his resentment against the court in the Southern Song Dynasty, which did not think about recovery and was intoxicated with the crow: "On the east side of the bridge on the west side of Liangxi, the leaves are red. In the five-night guest sorrow flower film, the sound of spring affairs in a year. Where is the singer Yushu? Dance the broken song "Mountain Fragrance". However, I remember that the lonely mountain is drunk and the horseshoe is lined with snow. " It can also be seen from the remnants of You Mao that the poet cares about the sufferings of the people and is dissatisfied with the feelings of demanding and extorting money.
You Mao's poems are plain and natural, simple and fresh, without flowery words and allusions. Qingshan Temple is a masterpiece of his existing poems: "The pavilion is towering, the mountains and lakes overlap outside the door, and the ripples confuse the country, and Penglai is known in the air. The dragon is like a golden jade, and the rain exceeds the unicorn to refute the emerald moss. I have been here for three to twenty-nine years, and I know that several of them will come back in my life. "
You Mao loved books all his life and has long been known as a bookcase. He has a "strong love" for books. As long as he knows the title of any book he hasn't read, he will try his best to find it to read. After reading it, he not only takes notes, but also copies the borrowed books for collection. Yang Wanli once described his pleasure in copying books like this: "Every time he postponed, he closed the door and thanked the guests. He copied a batch of ancient books by hand every day, so did his children ... and his promised daughter also copied books. " Yang Wanli also told a story. He once presented his works "Collection of the Western Regions" and "Collection of the Sky" to You Mao. You Mao happily wrote a poem as a reward: "I went to heaven when I went back to the Western Regions, and my bag contained 600 articles. Hanging thorns are three times more expensive, and the luminous moon is very round. " This shows Mao's love for books.
Because of Youmao's calm collection and collection of books, as well as his previous position as an editor and reader in the National History Museum, he had the opportunity to borrow books from the secret cabinet of the Third Hall of the Imperial Court, and he was able to copy more books that were difficult for ordinary people to see. Therefore, his collection of books is very rich, including rare books and rare books. His good friend Lu You once described his book collection as "a room full of different titles, and he leaned over and surrounded himself with a suicide note."
You Mao once compiled his family's books into a volume, Sui Chutang Bibliography. This is the earliest edition catalogue in China, which has considerable reference value for the study of ancient books in China. Books are divided into forty-four categories in the Bibliography of Leaving the Church at the Age of Four. As can be seen from this bibliography, You Mao's books include classics, history, books, collections, official novels, Buddhism, Taoism, miscellaneous arts, music records and so on. It is particularly worth mentioning that you Mao attaches great importance to the collection of books in this dynasty, accounting for about one-third of his total collection of history books. His Collection of National History of the Northern Song Dynasty was owned by the Nine Dynasties. The records of the Northern Song Dynasty are not only complete, but also have many versions. Unfortunately, after his death, Youmao's books caught fire in his mansion and were set on fire. There is only one book left, Sui Chutang Bibliography. According to the History of Song Dynasty, the collected works of You Mao consist of 60 volumes of Sui Draft and 30 volumes of Internal and External Unification. According to Chen, there are fifty volumes of Liang Ji. But they are all early. In Qing Dynasty, You Dong compiled 47 ancient and modern poems and 26 essays by You Mao, which were published in two volumes. Li E's Chronicle of Song Poetry also includes several poems in Three Dynasties North League Compilation and Maoshan Annals. You Mao has a large collection of books, including a volume of Bibliography of Sui Chutang, which is divided into nine classics, eighteen histories, twelve books and five episodes. Sometimes a book contains several books for mutual examination, but it does not solve the problem, nor does it contain the number of volumes and the author. It is equivalent to an important catalogue book in the Song Dynasty, and is as famous as Chongwen General Catalogue and Du Zhi in County Zhai. "The Legacy of Liangxi" was published by Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, and the bibliography of Sui Chutang was published by a series of books. Partridges on the west side of Liangxi Bridge, partridges on the east side of Liangxi, two rows of fragrant flowers, two rows of fragrant flowers, two rows of fragrant flowers, two rows of fragrant flowers, two rows of fragrant flowers, two rows of fragrant flowers, two rows of fragrant flowers, two rows of fragrant flowers, two rows of fragrant flowers, two rows of fragrant flowers, two rows of fragrant flowers.
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