The history of couplets
The couplets of our factory. Its origin. Scholars agree that it began in the Five Dynasties after the Tang Dynasty. The prosperity of poems in Tang Dynasty, especially the prevalence of regular poems, provided rich artistic soil for the emergence and development of couplets. The name "couplets" comes from ancient poems. Each metrical poem has four and eight sentences, and every two sentences are a couplet, which is generally called the first couplet, the parallel couplet, the neck couplet and the tail couplet. Parallel couplets (the third and fourth sentences in the poem) and neck couplets (the fifth and sixth sentences in the poem) require neat antithesis, so they are also called "couplets" for short.
According to the textual research of Huang Xiufu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, couplets originated in the third year of Jianlong in Song Taizu (AD 963). {Song Shi Xi Shu Meng Shi} wrote: "Every year, except for the bachelor, the title is peach, and the bedroom door is set around. ..... Bachelor Xin wrote a poem, claiming that he was not doing his job properly, and wrote a poem saying,' New Year, Festival A, Changchun. There is also a record of Meng Chang, a master of the post-Shu Dynasty, who wrote a peach symbol on the bedroom door at the age before he returned to the Song Dynasty. Liang Zhangju, a Qing Dynasty man, wrote in his couplets: "The prosperity of couplets originated from the peach symbol of the Five Dynasties. Shu Meng Yu Qing Changchun Cross is the oldest. Pillars that have been pushed since the Song Dynasty. " Meng Changjun's era began in 935 and ended in 965. The fact that he wrote an inscription for Fu Tao a year before the Song Dynasty shows that Huang Xiufu's statement is credible.
"Fu Tao", also known as "Xianmu", is a red wooden board that people hung on both sides of the door during the Chinese New Year in ancient China. On the chessboard, there are images of the gods "Shen Tu" and "Lei Yu" who worship evil spirits, so as to ward off evil spirits and pray for a peaceful future. In popularity, the symbol of peach is gradually simplified. Some of them are no longer portraits, but just the names of Shen Tu and Lei Yu. Some of them draw spells or write auspicious words. These situations are recorded in Huainanzi. Wang Anshi's poem "January Day" in the Northern Song Dynasty said: "The firecrackers are one year old, and the spring breeze sends warmth into Tu Su. Thousands of households always exchange new peaches for old ones. " It can be seen that couplets (peach symbols) were widely circulated and used at that time, and every year on New Year's Eve, "every family" had to "exchange new peaches for old symbols".
According to scholars' research, the word "Spring Festival couplets" originated in the Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, Chen's Miscellaneous Notes on Yunta recorded that "Jinling, the provincial capital, was suddenly declared a public official and scholar, and a pair of Spring Festival couplets should be added to the door". It is the imperial edict of Zhu Yuanzhang that all kinds of families in Beijing should put up a pair of Spring Festival couplets to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, and begin to write Spring Festival couplets in red paper. Writing Spring Festival couplets in red paper is because there is a very fierce beast called Nian in ancient legends in China, which hurts people and harms things every Spring Festival, but Nian is most afraid of red, so people use red paper and red firecrackers to drive it away in order to have a safe Spring Festival. This custom has been used to this day.
10. According to the underlined sentences in the text, the word to be filled in the box is ().
Come down in one continuous line.
C. The world-famous D. has a long history
1 1. Fill in the following couplet knowledge.
(1) couplets are also called couplets.
The name of couplets comes from the word "Spring Festival couplets" which originated from the Dai people.
③ The earliest couplets in China were written by ",".
12. This paper introduces the history of couplets. In order to be reliable and true, this paper mainly adopts new interpretation methods.
13. The following poem can't be a couplet ().
A, thousands of families always trade new peaches for old ones.
B. Two orioles singing green willows and a row of egrets flying into the sky.
C. The window contains Xiling Snow, at the entrance of Wu Dong Wan Li Boating.
D cicada forest is quiet, while Tonamiyama is secluded.
14. There is a couplet, and the following is "Crystal Stone in Stream". Which one should I choose as the first ()?
A. A bird startled by the moon B. Except my companion Mingyue.
C. moonlight in the pine forest. The moon, now full at sea.
(4)
Why is the little seahorse born by dad?
The warm seabed, especially the shallow sea area, is particularly bright. There are marine benthos, which are better than terrestrial forests and grasslands, and all kinds of animals roam in them. Red and white corals growing on the seabed are like flowers and trees cultivated in the garden; Red and green anemones growing among rocks are like flowers and plants planted in the garden. This underwater world with clear water and bright colors is compared to the "Crystal Palace", which is really appropriate.
The strange person who lives in the Crystal Palace is the hippocampus. This strange fish is only 10-20 cm long, and its head is shaped like a horse's head, so it is called "hippocampus". The tail of the hippocampus is very long and consists of many joints. It can flex flexibly and bounce with its tail. Its dorsal fin is like a brocade fan, which often shakes to keep balance, swims upright and moves gracefully and lively.
③ Hippocampus not only has a special appearance, but also has a special reproductive habit. When the breeding season comes, the abdominal wall of the hippocampus folds towards the center line of the body, gradually forming a wide "nursing bag". The female seahorse lays eggs in the pouch of the male seahorse (the female seahorse has no pouch), and the total number of eggs is about 100, so the embryo development is carried out in the pouch. During this period, a dense vascular network layer will be produced in the nursing bag, which will be in close contact with the vascular network of the embryo and supply the nutrients needed in the development of the embryo. When the young hippocampus is developed, the male hippocampus will begin to "give birth".
④ Why is the feeding method of hippocampus so special?
⑤ Because the shallow sea is very complicated and dangerous. Especially in spring and summer, all kinds of marine animals have to migrate from deep sea or ocean to shallow sea for annual mating and reproduction. The shallow sea area, which has always been silent, is particularly lively at this time. At the same time, the "interspecific struggle" of the law of the jungle has become particularly fierce. Adult animals will suffer a lot of casualties, and it is even more difficult for young animals to escape, especially the large number of animal eggs that have just been laid, which has simply become a delicious food for animals. For example, cod can lay tens of millions of eggs at a time, and the eggs that can really become young fish may be less than 1%. Therefore, the struggle for animal protection is fiercer from generation to generation.
⑥ Hippocampus is an old resident of shallow sea, and its adaptation to egg preservation is certainly more ingenious than other animals. Female seahorses not only lay their eggs in the pouch of male seahorses, but also evolved from oviposition to viviparous, so it is easy to ensure that all eggs develop into small seahorses.
15. The first paragraph of the article depicts a colorful underwater world. What is the role in the article?
16. Hippocampus is a peculiar role in the Crystal Palace. What's so strange?
17. Paragraph (5) gives an example: "Cod lays thousands of eggs at a time, and the eggs that can really become young fish may be less than 1%". What does it have to do with the introduction of hippocampus?
18. What is the main reason why the female seahorse lays her eggs in the "pouch" of the male seahorse?