Author: Jiang Changmao
Source: Chinese Teaching and Research (Integrated World), No.08, 20 14.
In guiding poetry appreciation, many teachers will teach students how to grasp the vision, author, annotation and background of poetry, how to taste images and artistic conception, and how to grasp keywords, sentences, distinguishing skills and techniques. However, the function words in poetry have not attracted enough attention, and they are often not mentioned in various teaching materials, college entrance examination review books and other reference materials. Even if it is mentioned, it is often superficial and vague.
The author thinks that function words in poetry play an important role in the expression of poetry theme and emotion, and it is inappropriate to ignore the function words in poetry appreciation.
For example, the sentence "Spring grass dyes the steps, birds are singing under the leaves" in Du Fu's Shu Xiang, through the use of function words "zi" and "empty", the emotional level is rendered and smeared, and the feeling of loss and frustration is against the beauty of nature, and the lyrical effect is extremely outstanding. No matter how beautiful the grass on the steps is, no one appreciates it, and no one listens to the sound of orioles coming through the leaves. This not only shows the loneliness after Zhuge Liang's death, but also shows Du Fu's grievance against the loneliness after the death of a generation of great men, and indirectly shows Du Fu's own feeling of loss and melancholy at that time. He thought of his own situation from Zhuge Liang's life experience, which led to the voice of * * *. Another example is the sentence "The ancient walls are still bamboo-colored, and the empty pavilion is comfortable" in Wang Tengting. The first sentence is written outside the wall, and the second sentence is written in the pavilion. The scenery outside the wall is still the same, or the original "bamboo color"; However, there is no excitement in the pavilion, only the sound of pines is ringing. After the two function words "you" and "zi", the historical vicissitudes of things are beyond words.
Let's look at the two sentences in Li Shangyin's poem Willow: "How can I make a clear autumn day with a sunset cicada?" The function words are "already" and "you", which not only connect the two images of sunset and cicada in series, but also deepen the poet's lament over the weakness of autumn willow. The words "already" and "again" make the lamentation of the poem heavy and deep. There are two lines in Lu You's poem "Xiao Yuan": "Tao Shi is unfinished, so I'll take Xiao Yu to hoe melons". Tao Shi, Xiao Yu and hoe melons are connected in series through two function words "Wei" and "You". Why does the volume end? Read at will, starting from the heart and ending from the heart. The word "micro" shows the poet's leisure, followed by the word "hoe melon". The word "you" vividly depicts the poet's comfortable feeling.
Through the above examples, we can easily see that function words play a prominent role in poetry and have a great relationship, which must not be ignored. Its function, the author thinks, is at least related to the contrast of artistic conception, the expression of emotion and the embodiment of theme. Examples will be given below.