Xu Gan
Alias:
Xu Weichang
Personal data:
Xu Gan (170 -2 17) was a writer, philosopher and poet in the late Han Dynasty. One of the "seven sons of Jian 'an". It is famous for its poems, ci fu and political comments. Representative works: Zhong Lun, Answer to Serina Liu, Xuan, etc. His book On China has far-reaching influence on rulers and writers of past dynasties. This portrait is taken from the Xu family tree in Yaojiang, Zhejiang Province revised in the Qing Dynasty.
Xu gan information
Chinese name
Xu Gan
Another name
Xu Weichang
nationality
wai cao
nation
Han (ha)
birthplace
Beihai county people
date of birth
170 (Geng Xunian)
date of death
2 17 (Ding Younian)
occupation
Officials, writers and poets
Major achievements
One of the seven sons of Jian' an
representative works
Answer Serina Liu and Xuanfuyuan.
Xu Gan (170-2 17), a native of Juxian (now Shouguang City, Shandong Province), was an outstanding writer in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
When I was a teenager, I was in the last years of Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty, and the eunuch was autocratic and failed in political affairs.
Corruption, while Xu Gan devoted himself to learning. At that time, Xu Gan, a county shepherd, was called "embarrassed by courtesy and life, and even wanted to make martial arts". He "ignores officials, does not manage money, and does not worry about the glory of the world." Cao Cao once served as an air force officer for him, made a toast for him and joined the army, becoming an expert in five senses literature. He resigned due to illness. "Hiding in a poor lane and being loyal to the truth", although "living by the sky", lived a very poor and miserable life, but never felt sad. Cao Cao appointed him Shang Ai Chang, but he still said that he was ill. During the Jian 'an period, seeing Cao Cao pacify the north, China was expected to be unified, that is, * * * toasted the air force of the company, changed literature in five or six years, and died of illness. "No matter how poor I am, I am also loyal to my ambition." Although I "eat the same day", I "don't think it's sad." (For the quotation, see Introduction to Zhong Lun). Later, he was awarded the Ai Chang, but he also failed due to illness. In the spring of the 22nd year of Jian 'an (2 17), a plague prevailed and cadres died. Later, when talking about Xu Gan, Cao Pi said: "Throughout ancient and modern China people, human beings don't care about meticulous behavior, and rarely stand on their own feet with honor. Wei Chang, who is lonely and indifferent, has the ambition of Mount Ji, which can be described as a gentleman! "
Xu Gan's Tomb is located 500 meters southeast of Huiquan Village, Julie Town, Hanting District, Weifang City, Shandong Province. See the entry "Xu Gan's Tomb" for details.
1. Poetry
Throughout Xu Gan's life, he was known as "the wind of the Qing Dynasty". In terms of creation, he is good at poetry, prose and prose. There are three poems today, all of which are five-character poems. There are no valuable works such as Banquet and Cockfighting in Xu Gan's works, which is also the difference between him and other Jian 'an writers. Xu Gan's poetry achievement is not high, and Zhong Rong ranks him as an inferior poet. Although Zhong Rong is extremely derogatory, from the point of dry modern poetry, it is also slightly inferior to RoyceWong and Serina Liu. Most of these poems are scattered today, including 10 (see Poems of Pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties written by Qi), among which 6 poems written in reply to Serina Liu are outstanding. Thinking in the Room is set as a woman's thinking word, which consists of six chapters. It is about a woman's memory of her husband who has not returned from a long trip: "Sitting still, as if a gentleman is radiant", "Thinking of a gentleman like running water, how can you be poor", and even "I can't sleep at the exhibition". Dreaming of flying to her husband through the feathers of Hongluan and meeting him. Sometimes I worry that my husband will "forget his old friends again" and have another new love outside. The whole poem is full of emotion and delicate psychological description, which is very euphemistic and moving. Answer to Serina Liu is a masterpiece with simple language and sincere feelings.
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Xu Gan enjoys a high reputation in the field of Ci and Fu. His poems, such as Xuan, Fu, Ju Fu (all the above are poor) and Fu, were once evaluated by Cao Pi as "though Zhang (constant) and Cai (mediocre) are not bad" (Dian Lun Wen). Liu Xie also regarded him and RoyceWong as Wei's "longevity" and added a standard (Shi Fu). The works are less than 10, and many of them are incomplete. Among them, "Qi Du Fu", judging from the remnants, the original scale may be quite grand.
3. Prose
Xu Gan himself is good at ci and fu, and he can also write poems. His five-character poems were wonderful at that time. Xu Gan's masterpiece is only a collection of essays on China. This book fully reflects his philosophy and writing style. At that time, people commented that when he wrote On China, he wanted to do more harm to the world than to benefit the secular, and he wanted to seek the sage and save the secular people. At that time, Cao Pi praised the book as "a family instruction with elegant words, which can be passed down from generation to generation." (with Wu Zhishu).
The theme of Zhong Lun's writing is: "I often want to damage the existence of the world and benefit the use of customs, but I see the beauty of words."
Li wrote essays from time to time, but he never expounded the great righteousness, spread Taoist thoughts, and appealed to the saints above to save the secular unconscious below. Therefore, they abandoned the essays of poetry, ode, title and praise and wrote 22 Prefaces. This book contains two volumes of Xu Ganlue. The first volume contains 10, and the second volume contains 10. Most of them discuss the relationship between monarch and minister and the political situation. Therefore, it is a collection of essays about ethics and politics. His ideological tendency generally follows the purport of Confucianism, and his ancestors spoke the words of Confucius and Mencius, the former king. At the same time, he was also influenced by Taoism and Legalism. On China criticizes the current disadvantages, but the author is moderate and cautious, and generally does not criticize current events, so it appears that the text is far-reaching and not so sharp. Compared with the contemporary Zhong Changtong's Chang Yan, it reveals the profundity of realistic contradictions and the sharpness of criticism. Zhong Lun's language is relatively plain and his argument is logical and coherent, which is still a good paper. It is the only monograph in "Seven Scholars of Jian 'an".
All his works, except Zhong Lun, have been lost. There are five volumes in The Annals of Sui Shu, which are now lost. Yang Dezhou in the Ming Dynasty and Chen in the Qing Dynasty added 6 volumes of Xu Wei Long Collection, which included seven sub-collections of Jian 'an. Zhonglun has two volumes, and four copies of Qingzhou editions of Jiajing and Yijiu in Ming Dynasty. The old Shouguang County Records collected 8 poems by Du Fu, each with/kloc-0.
1. Love poems
Gaotang is Yu Chongchong, and Guangsha is lonely. The breeze rises in the boudoir and falls in the sun.
Under the cloud house, the whistling song leans on the raft. Your trip will never come back, so who am I?
If the stove is closed, the dressing box will be full of dust. The color of the leading edge is abnormal, and gold is dark and has no essence.
Forget the good food, the wine often stops. Gu Zhan was silent, only hearing the sound of swallows.
Worry is connected, and the center is awake.
2. Answer Liu Zhen
There are few children, not for ten days.
I miss him, and his sorrow is like three springs.
Although the road is close at hand, it is difficult to get through the nine customs.
Tao Tao's Xiade is rich in vegetation and a large number.
Say goodbye to your wife
Marry your husband and let him go.
The cool breeze blows the autumn grass and the crickets sing along.
The cicada chirps, and the cicada chirps and hugs the dead branches.
When the dead branches are flying, the body suddenly migrates.
Don't be sad because of migration, cherish time.
Time is infinite, you can know when you meet.
I am willing to clean the pond for a pair of orioles.
4. Secret room thinking
( 1)
Sinking yin leads to sorrow, for whom. There is still a long way to say goodbye to life. The meeting was not long, and the center was destroyed and injured. If you don't worry about food, you will always be hungry. Sit up and do nothing, and you will be radiant.
(2)
At the top of the mountain, there is a leisurely Wan Li Road. Your death is far away, and stagnation makes people old. In my life, I suddenly feel like spring grass. What are you worried about when you can't get it again? Every time I talk about my past, I can't protect my body.
(3)
He Yang Yang, a floating cloud, is willing to resign because of me. You can't send it with the wind, but you will miss it. Everyone will recover after they leave, and you will never come back. Since the monarch came out, the mirror was dark and hopeless. Miss you like running water. Where there is poverty, there is no time.
(4)
At the end of the tragic season, the orchid leaves withered. A heavy sigh, you will comfort me. Can't sleep during the exhibition, big sleep. I crept out of the house and looked up at Samsung. I hate myself. I cried like a spring.
(5)
Think of you, see the towel comb, in order to facilitate my efforts. Andrew, the man in my heart. If you are sincere, you will stand up first. If you can't see anything, there is no reason to continue the meeting. Therefore, it is like a flounder, and now it is like ginseng.
(6)
People don't start, but they want you to end. If you don't come from the age of 18, how can you expect old favors? Forgetting the past again is especially laughed at by gentlemen. Although you are far away, don't forget your moment. Thick or not, but I can see your thoughts when I miss you.
At the beginning, Emperor Wendi was a general with good facial features, and Hou Zhi in the plain was a good literary talent. Charm and Beihai Xu Gan's Ci paddock and Guangling Chen Lin
Kong Zhang, Yu, Ru 'nan, De Lian, Dongping and Liu Zhen are all friendly on business.
Dry for the air force to ask for wine sacrifices, five senses will be learned. The sages said: To be clear about metaphysics, prepare six lines, be knowledgeable, be honest, despise officials and wealth, and not worry about the glory of the world. During Jian 'an, Taizu specially told him to take a rest in spite of illness. After that, besides Ai Chang, he also failed due to illness.
He died in seventeen years. Gan, Lin, Yu and Zhen died in twenty-two years. Shu He ordered Wu Zhi to say, "In the past years, there was a disease and epidemic, and many relatives and friends were far away from it. Xu, Chen, Ying and Liu died at the same time. Throughout ancient and modern literati, they don't care about their own details, and they rarely stand on their own honor. Wei Chang is a gentleman because he is indifferent and has the ambition of Mount Ji. There are more than twenty articles in the book, and the words are elegant enough to be told by later generations. De Lian is often brilliant and meaningful, and talented enough to write a book, but his ambition is not satisfactory, which is a pity! Kong Zhangzhang is extremely healthy and slightly rich. There is escape on business trip, but it is not embarrassing. Yuan Yu's secretary is charming, which makes him very happy. Zhong Xuan is good at ci fu, but weak; As for goodness, the ancients could not surpass it. Once upon a time, I lost my string in the clock period, but now I lost my life, hurting my friends and my master. Although the philosophers are not as good as the ancients, they are also handsome for a while. "
Xu Gan (170-2 17) was born in Beihai (now Weifang, Shandong). In the Qing and Yuan Dynasties, he was smart and knowledgeable, and he was a grass stamp, ignoring officials and Lu, not worrying about world glory, and swimming under his power. Wei Wen tasted Wu Zhishu and said, "The reason why Wei Chang is a gentleman is that he is indifferent because of his talent and has a festival of accumulating goodness."
During the Jian 'an period, Cao Cao thought his talent was different and hired him as an official, but he could not be an official because of illness. After being granted the order of Ai County, he fell ill. Later, he served as an Air Force officer to make a wine sacrifice, and introduced Xu Gan, a general of Five Senses Literature, as a literary attendant of Cao Cao. Jian 'an died of epidemic in the twenty-second year.
He is good at long poems and poems. The poem is famous for its six poems "Thinking Room". It uses metaphor to pretend that women want to consolidate their love with men. From the perspective of women's situation, they feel that they can't be fully guaranteed from euphemistic words and express their deep affection. Entrust the relationship between the monarch and the minister to the love of men and women. Emphasize that the feelings between people should be sincere and sincere, and don't "forget the past." There is a certain irony. The language is concise and fluent, and the love words are graceful and comfortable, which has certain artistry.