Poetry is the basis for poets to express their feelings. As Shen Congwen said, no matter a poet, painter or sculptor, it is not because of a smiling shadow or a frowning mark that such strange achievements have been made.
Both Li Bai and Du Fu moved love and hate into poems and galloped in words, but one was slightly implicit and the other was slightly straightforward and obvious. Therefore, reading Du Fu's poems will make you feel the hardships of life and call "Du Fu is too miserable". After reading Li Bai's poems, you will feel the joy of life and casually say, "Li Bai is too rough." The fact is that behind Li Bai's "waves" are bitter and bumpy experiences and disappointment in nine cases out of ten. He deceived himself and his readers with words.
The emergence of problems is the result of the interaction between subjective and objective factors. There are subjective and objective reasons for Li Bai's tragic life.
The subjective factors leading to the tragedy of Li Bai's life are: Li Bai recited Liu Jia at the age of five, watched a hundred schools at the age of ten, and wrote many poems and poems at the age of fifteen, which were recognized by some celebrities.
Because his father was in business, Li Bai was not qualified to take the imperial examination, so he had to help the world through his career. Li Bai has been engaged in dry activities since he was fifteen years old.
Li Bai is full of confidence in his talent, but his ideal is full and his reality is very skinny. Do it again and again, and come back disappointed again and again.
When Li Bai visited Yuzhou, he met Li Yong, the secretariat of Yuzhou. Li Yong was very dissatisfied with his informality and rhetoric, which indicated that Li Bai would go home empty-handed. But Li Bai was so arrogant and frivolous that he took a song "Li Yong" as a return gift when he left. In the poem, Li Bai uses Dapeng as a metaphor, saying that "Dapeng rises with the wind one day and soars into Wan Li"; At the end of the poem, Confucius said that the afterlife is awesome, and a gentleman (Li Yong) should not despise young people!
It can be seen that Li Bai is honest, straightforward and has a strong self-esteem. Even so, out of ambition, he had to bow his head under the eaves, so Li Bai never stopped working even if he hit a wall. What do you mean more frustrated and braver? What do you mean, don't hit the south wall and don't look back, just look at Li Bai.
When Li Bai lived in seclusion in Minshan, the Governor of Guanghan recommended him to be admitted to Youdao, which was a godsend opportunity, only one step away from his dream, but Li Bai refused because he did not give in to the powerful.
It seems that "unyielding to the powerful" conflicts with Li Bai's praise and praise for the officials he met during the memorial service. It can be seen that Li Bai's heart is contradictory. On the one hand, he doesn't want to kiss up to the powerful, on the other hand, he has to lower himself for his future and make a move of bowing to the powerful.
It is precisely because of Li Bai's unyielding attitude towards powerful people that he didn't go against his own heart that he started from "Are we Artemisia people?" After he became the emperor's imperial scholar, he was immersed in the role of an alcoholic named "Xuanzong Hubai". For ambitious Li Bai, "paying back the money" is a relief, leaving the wrong position and facing up to the inner needs.
"Well, how can I bow and scrape to those high-ranking officials whose sincere faces will never be seen?" It is not so much that Li Bai is unwilling to bow down to serve the powerful as that Hanlin's dedication is far from his grand vision of saving the people. "Since god gave talent, let it be hired! , spin a thousand silver, all come back! " And "One day I'm going to climb the wind and break the waves, and I'll go straight to Yun Fan to cross the abyss". These poems seem to be full of lofty sentiments and positive feelings, and many of them have the meaning of comforting themselves after experiencing a bad career.
The subjective factors leading to Li Bai's life tragedy can be summarized as follows: the lofty, uninhibited and unrestrained intellectuals.
The objective factors leading to Li Bai's life tragedy are not recognized by the outside world. Before, Li Yong, the secretariat of Yuzhou, refused to recognize Li Bai. Later, Li Bai was rejected by Pei Changshi of Anzhou. Although Li Bai visited Pei Chang many times, he was slandered and lost the chance to be recommended. After that, Li Bai went to Chang 'an to see the Prime Minister Zhang and other princes and ministers, all to no avail.
The selfishness of Tang Xuanzong. Li Bai once dedicated Tang Ming Fu and Da Hunting Fu to Xuanzong, but it still came to nothing. After being praised by the princess and He, Xuanzong was finally moved and called Li Bai into the palace.
When Li Bai entered the palace, Xuanzong "stepped down to meet him, gave him food in front of the Qibao bed and personally spoon", which made Li Bai quite beautiful. However, Xuanzong took a fancy to Li Bai's talent in poetry and prose, not his political talent for practical use. It can be said that Xuanzong positioned Li Bai as a poet and a gifted scholar, and used his poetic talent to record the grand occasion and boast to later generations. Therefore, giving Li Bai the title of Hanlin will inevitably make Li Bai have followers every time he banquets for outings. After being slandered and alienated by Xuanzong, Li Bai had to "pay back the money" and ended his career, which was quite different from his original intention.
Involved in the power struggle within the royal family. In 755, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and Li Bai and his wife lived in seclusion in Lushan Mountain. In February of 65438+756, Wei Zichun, the counselor of Lilin in Wang Yong, visited the thatched cottage and invited Li Bai to come out of the mountain to help Lilin pacify the rebels in the Central Plains and clean up the rivers and mountains. Li Bai agreed. Never thought that a crisis was waiting for Li Bai.
There are two opinions about Wang Yong Lilin. One is that Li Lin obeyed the orders of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and established an armed force in the south that could compete with the northern army that supported Hengli's accession to the throne, so that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty had enough chips to compete with Tang Suzong for real power. Therefore, Tang Suzong regarded Li Lin as a threat to his opponent, arranged personnel layout to get rid of Li Lin, and sued Li Lin for treason. Another way of saying this is that Li Lin had rebellion ambition and was armed to the teeth, so he sent troops to the East on a large scale and began a rebellion journey. In the end, he was defeated like running water and ended up in a hurry.
Either way, Li Bai, as a trusted minister of Li Lin, was naturally involved, so he was jailed and exiled Yelang. Li Bai's desire to save the world has just been ignited and shattered again. Compared with last time, it's even worse. "Early Interpretation of Baidicheng" was written on the occasion of Amnesty on the way to exile Yelang. "The apes on both sides of the strait can't stop crying, and the canoe has passed Chung Shan Man." Described Li Bai's joy and relief at that time.
In A Dream of Red Mansions, the monk first saw Xiangling and said that she had life but no luck. The subsequent life experience just verified this point. Throughout Li Bai's unfortunate life, it can also be summarized by the word "unlucky". The objective factors that lead to Li Bai's life tragedy can all be attributed to bad luck.
Suffering runs through Li Bai's life, which also makes him have a sacred position in poetry and be firm. God closed a door for you and opened a window for you. The poet is Li Bai's immortal and shining window.