Why does poetry have the "deformation" of language? Because poetic language is more lyrical, implicit, refined and jumping than other styles. There are not many words in a poem, but the images it contains are very rich. It is necessary to express rich thoughts and feelings with the help of a very frugal language shell, and to meet the needs of phonology. Poetry must "deform" language.
Grammatically, the "deformation" of poetry to language is mainly manifested in changing part of speech, omitting sentence components, reversing word order and so on. The main purpose is to establish metrical rules, create musical beauty, and leave room for artistic imagination and re-creation for readers.
And these are often the focus of the college entrance examination. Knowing the rules of poetic language organization can quickly enter the context of poetry.
Master the changes of parts of speech
In order to refine the meaning of words, ancient poets in China often changed the parts of speech of some words in their poems, and these places were often the eyes of a poem or a word. Distinguish in detail:
He Xun's "The rain falls through the stairs at night, and the morning leaves the room in the dark", Wang Wei's "The brook sings a crooked stone, and the sun tunes the pine trees", Chang Jian's "Birds are singing and the mountains are lively, and people's hearts touch a pool of peace", Wang Anshi's "Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan", Jie Jiang's "Time is fleeting, red cherries and green plantains", Zhou Bangyan's "Young old warblers in the wind, Li Ziyin in the rain.
The ancients used to use words, adjectives and nouns flexibly, which can be used as verbs and vivid when written. You might as well find some reference books to understand the mystery of flexible use of parts of speech in the above poems.
Pay attention to the omission of poetry
In poetry appreciation, reconstructing imagination according to the "reconstruction conditions" stipulated in poetry can supplement the blank left by the poet intentionally, restore the scene of poetry and obtain higher aesthetic enjoyment. This is a necessary part of poetry appreciation. Ellipsis in poetry is related to the combination of images. Therefore, you can also use imagination to fill in the omitted parts.
Jia Dao's See the Guest: "I asked your student under a pine tree," he replied, "My teacher went to collect medicine." However, through these clouds, how can I know which corner of the mountain it is facing? . "
Obviously, it takes three questions and three answers, and it takes at least six sentences to complete the dialogue. The author reduced it to twenty words by answering questions. This is just like the montage technique in movies, one image after another, one picture after another, leaving a lot of gaps between the shots, so that readers can supplement and improve according to the logic of life, the accumulation of experience and their own cultivation. Can you fill in the "three questions" omitted by the author for this poem?
In fact, the combination of images in China's classical poems, with the help of the parataxis of Chinese grammar, can be directly combined between words, images and images, or even omit the words that play a connecting role, making the poems more leaping and implicit.
Restore the inverted word order
■ Subject postposition
Cui Hao Yellow Crane Tower: "Every tree in Hanyang becomes clear in the water, and Parrot Island is a nest of herbs." It means "There is a vivid Hanyang tree in Qingchuan (on a sunny Yuan Ye), and the grass on Nautilus Island is lush". "Hanyang Tree" and "Nautilus Island" seem to be the objects after "vividness" and "lush", but they are actually the objects to be stated.
■ Preposition object
Du Fu's poem "Moonlight Night": "Clouds are fragrant and foggy, and jade shoulders are cold." In fact, it is "fragrant fog and wet clouds, cold and jade arms." The poet imagined that his wife in Zhangzhou was just looking at the moon in her boudoir. The misty mist with a delicate fragrance seemed to wet her hair, and the clear moonlight made her white arms feel cold. Here, "wet" and "cold" are the so-called causative usages, and "cloud" and "jade arm" were originally the objects they dominated, but the results came first and seemed to be the subjects.
■ Subject and object transposition
Bai Juyi's "Song of Eternal Sorrow", "Sisters and brothers are all scholars, but because of her, they are glorious" (the portal gives birth to brilliance)
The purpose of restoring inverted sentence order is to grasp the poet's true intention and emotional focus. There are many examples of word order inversion in poetry, such as: Wang Changling's "Joining the Army": "There are dark snow-capped mountains in Qinghai, and the lonely city looks at Yumenguan." Li Bai's "Dream on Mount Tianmu": "My heart and dream are in Wu and Yue, crossing the mirror lake on a moonlit night." Cui Hu's "Titian Chengnan Village" "People don't know where to go, but peach blossoms are still smiling in the spring breeze." Can you use your cleverness to analyze the "deformation" law contained in it?