In his personal life, he was good at everything and founded Russian national literature and literary language, which provided a model for Russian literature in various literary fields such as poetry, novels, plays and even fairy tales. Pushkin was also praised by Gorky as "the beginning of all beginnings". Born into a noble family. He began to write poetry at an early age and studied at Huangcun High School, which was set up by the czar government to train aristocratic children. During my study, I was influenced by progressive December Party members and some progressive thinkers. Many poems published later attacked serfdom and praised freedom and progress. In addition to poetry, Pushkin's works mainly include the novel The Captain's Daughter, the founder of historical documentary. History of pugachev, poetic novel yevgeni onegin, novella Dubrovski, Belgin's collection of novels, etc. Pushkin was persecuted by the czar government in his creative activities. 1837 was killed in a duel arranged by the plot. His creation had a great influence on the development of Russian literature and language. Family background Pushkin 1799 1999 was born in a noble landlord family in Moscow on June 6th. He was inclined to revolution all his life and refused to surrender to dark tyranny.
Collection of Pushkin's poems and paintings
Undaunted struggle, his thoughts and poems aroused the dissatisfaction and hatred of the tsarist Russian rulers. He was exiled twice, refused to give in, and finally died in a duel with others under the conspiracy of the czar government at the age of 38. He grew up in a strong literary atmosphere. As a child, he was disciplined by a French tutor and received an aristocratic education. At the age of eight, he was able to write poems in French. His family has a rich collection of books and makes friends with literary celebrities. His nanny was born a serf and often told him Russian folk stories and legends, which made him appreciate rich Russian since he was a child and became interested in folk creation. Education background 18 1 1 year, Pushkin entered Huangcun School, a school for aristocratic children, and began his literary creation career at the age of 12. 18 15 in the senior high school entrance examination, he recited his own "nostalgia for the ancient imperial village", which showed his outstanding poetry writing ability, especially the beauty and exquisiteness of poetry. In his early poems, he imitated the romantic poets Bachu Skov and Zhukovsky, and learned the styles of French poets Andrei Che Nier 17 to 18. While studying in Huangcun Middle School, he was also influenced by the French Enlightenment and made friends with some security officers who later became party member in December. His thought of opposing czar's autocratic rule and pursuing freedom was initially formed. After graduation, Pushkin worked in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Petersburg. During this period, he was deeply influenced by the December Party members and their ideas of democracy and freedom. He joined the Green Light Society, a literary group associated with the secret organization of December Party members, and wrote many poems against serfdom and eulogizing freedom, such as Ode to Self (18 17). To Cha Daieff (1818); Country, (18 19), 1820, Pushkin wrote a fairy tale narrative poem ruslan and lyudmila. The story is based on Russian folklore, and describes that ruslan, a knight, overcomes difficulties and obstacles and finally finds his bride, lyudmila. Pushkin used vivid folk language in his poems, which was different from classical poetry in content and form, and challenged the aristocratic traditional literature. The disguised exile of Pushkin's works caused the anxiety of the czar government. 1820 sending him to work in southern Russia is actually a disguised flow.
Statue of Pushkin and his wife
Put it on. During this period, he had more frequent contacts with members of the1February Party and attended some secret meetings in The Decemberists. His thought of pursuing freedom is clearer and stronger. Pushkin has written famous works such as Short Sword (182 1), Prisoner (1822), To the Sea (1824), and also wrote a set of poems of the South, including Captives of the Caucasus. He also wrote many beautiful lyric poems: The Sun goes down (1820) and Prisoner and Short Sword (182 1), which expressed the poet's strong yearning for freedom. Since this period, Pushkin has fully demonstrated his unique style. During the confinement of 1824- 1825, Pushkin was sent back to Mikhailovsk village, the territory of his parents in Pskov region, where he spent two years. During his imprisonment, he wrote nearly 100 poems. He collects folk songs and stories, studies Russian history, and his thoughts are more mature and his creation is more realistic. From 65438 to 0825, he completed the creation of Boris Godunov, the first realistic tragedy in Russian literary history. 1826, czar Nicholas I ascended the throne. In order to win people's hearts, Pushkin was recalled to Moscow, but he was still under the secret surveillance of the czar police. Pushkin did not change his attitude towards The Decemberists. He had an illusion about the new czar, hoping that Nicholas I could pardon The Decemberists in exile in Siberia, but the illusion was quickly shattered, so he wrote a political lyric poem "To the Prisoner of Siberia" to express his loyalty to The Decemberists's ideal. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/830, Pushkin spent three months in his father's territory, which was the harvest period of his life's creation and was called "the autumn of Polkino" in the history of literature. He finished the poetic novel yevgeni onegin written from 1823, and created the image of the first "superfluous man" in Russian literature, which became his most important work. He also wrote Belgin's Tales, Tragic Knight, Mozart and Charlery, Plague Banquet, The Stone Man and nearly 30 lyric poems. The postmaster in Belgin's short stories is a model of Russian short stories, which opens the tradition of shaping "little people" and his realistic creation is in full swing. Pushkin moved to Petersburg in 183 1 and still works in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He went on to create many works, mainly the narrative poem Bronze Knight.
Pushkin
(1833), fairy tale The Fisherman and the Golden Fish (1833), short story The Queen of Spades (1834), etc. He also wrote two novels about farmers, Du Blovsky (1832- 1833) and The Captain's Daughter (1836). 1836 Pushkin founded the literary magazine Modern People. This publication was edited by belinsky, Necrasov, Chernyshevski and Dobro Lyubov. Until the 1960s of 19, it not only trained a large number of outstanding writers, but also became the mouthpiece of Russian progressives. Pushkin's creation and activities are a headache for the czar government. They conspired to anger the captain of the French gendarmerie, Dants, and desecrated Pushkin's wife, Natalia Nikolaevna Goncharova, which led to the duel between Pushkin and Dants in 1837. Pushkin was seriously injured in the duel and died on February 8, 1987 at the age of 38. His early death made Russian progressive literati sigh: "The sun of Russian poetry has set". Pushkin's works have great influence in the world because of their lofty ideology and perfect artistry. His works have been translated into all the major languages in the world. Pushkin's love for freedom and life in his works, his firm belief that light will overcome darkness and reason will overcome prejudice, and his lofty mission and lofty ambition of "illuminating people with words" have deeply touched generations. Genius masterpieces have inspired the creative passion and inspiration of many Russian musicians. Opera "yevgeny? Onegin ","Boris? Godunov, the Queen of Spades, ruslan and lyudmila, Zokan and so on are all great music works. Pushkin's lyric poems have been set to music and become popular art songs; Other works have also been adapted into ballets and become immortal classics on the stage. In memory of Pushkin, people renamed Huangcun, where he was born, Pushkin (1the place where Emperor Catherine died in 796). Now it has become a famous tourist attraction, and the famous village of Poljinnuo is also nearby. Editing this important personal representative poetry novel: yevgeni onegin.
Collection of Pushkin's works
Novel: The Captain's Daughter Novelette: The Queen of Spades, Dubrovsky's Essays: Belgin's Novels Historical Drama: Boris Godunov Fairy Tales: The Story of Fisherman and Golden Fish, Political Lyrics: Ode to the Sea, Freedom, and Long Narrative Poem: Bronze. Love poems of Caucasian prisoners: to Cohen, also known as I remember that wonderful moment, my name, I once loved you, short stories, slaves of Peter the Great, letters, stories of the dead Ivan petrovich Belgin: Shooting, Blizzard, Coffin Boss, Post.
Pushkin has a famous saying: there is no happiness, only freedom and peace. Where the sword of law can't reach, the whip of irony can certainly reach. Hope is the faithful sister of bad luck. The sensitivity of Pushkin's portrait and its memorial sculpture and square (65,438+00) is not a proof of wisdom. Fools and even lunatics are sometimes particularly sensitive. Whether it's sentimental poems, beautiful articles or leisurely happiness, nothing can replace extremely close friendship. Reading and learning is to build your own thoughts and knowledge with the help of others' thoughts and knowledge. The influence of people is short and weak, while the influence of books is extensive and far-reaching. Listening to the girl's singing, the old man's heart becomes young. A young conscience is as clear as a sunny day. When the light smoke of youth sweeps away the joy of teenagers, then we can get everything worth learning. Cherish clothes from childhood, cherish reputation from childhood. The design and creation of the world should be people-centered, not for seeking money. People live not for money, but for people. How happy it is to be chosen at will by your lingering dreams. I once loved you: love may not be completely dead in my heart. I hope it won't bother you again, and I don't want to make you sad again. I once loved you silently and hopelessly. I endure shyness and jealousy. I once loved you so sincerely and tenderly. May God bless you, and another person will love you as much as I do.
Editor's Note of "The Bicentenary of Pushkin's Birthday" Author: Tian1998 was written in Beijing in June. This poem was read aloud at Pushkin's seminar on June 22 and broadcast in china national radio on June 27. 1999 was included in the commemorative anthology Pushkin and I published by People's Literature Publishing House, which was translated and published in Russia in the same year, causing widespread concern and praise in society. Section 1 Pushkin, a great Russian national poet, have you seen it? Big birthday ceremonies are being held for you all over the world? Pushkin, the immortal Russian literary master, have you heard that the whole progressive human beings are paying tribute to you? Pushkin, the sun that never sets in Russian poetry, praise for history can make you feel happy and happy? Pushkin, a singer of love, a fighter of truth and freedom, and the love of the people, can you eliminate your sadness and drive away your loneliness? True, it's a pity that you only traveled for 38 years. However, you have lived in the glorious history and the hearts of the people for two centuries! Section 2: Who will forget your ups and downs and magnificent life, and who will forget the baptism of love and hate, blood and fire, life and death you experienced! You cultivated the fertile soil of Russian literature with wisdom and inspiration. You washed away the decadent forces of Russian tyranny with blood and life. You face indifference, ridicule, slander, exile, persecution, betrayal and poverty. You never stop fighting and singing, you never stop charging and attacking. It is true that an evil bullet took your life like a raging fire. It is true that dictators and villains stifled the heyday of your creation. However, you have entered the historical palace and the kingdom of heaven in the hearts of the people. Look! The star of charm you yearn for has already risen high! Section 3: Who is not afraid of your poems and who is not shivering in front of your dagger, the old and new czars, high officials and dignitaries, monks and nobles, literary clowns and fools? Great sages, civilian rookies, lonely men and few women, "redundant people" and prisoners have never approached your beautiful harp. Who hasn't received your charming reed flute? The joys and sorrows of love, the separation of life, which thing does not touch your fiery heartstrings, the fate of the motherland, the sufferings of the people, which thing does not cause you to lament and sigh? You love and are close to the people, you are the singer of the people, you are the mouthpiece of the people, you hate tyranny and slavery, you are the warrior who took the lead, and you are the rebel of the old world! You have presented more than four million words of treasures to the literary treasures of Russia and the world. You have presented more than 8 million magnificent poems to history and people! Section 4 Philosophy, history, literature and art, and national education all shine with your wisdom. Mountains and rivers, cities and villages, theaters and dance halls all leave your brilliant footprints. Long poems and short songs, poetic dramas and fairy tales, novel essays, commentary notes, travel notes ... which literary form is not a garden where you can write your own ideal songs and pour out your heart? Ode to poetry and lament, satirize and criticize, joke, exhort, denounce ... Which creative method is not your handy tool and weapon? You boldly went forward, broke through the imprisonment and fetters of classicism and old romanticism, bravely leaped from imitation to originality, and from romanticism to realism. You are the beacon of Russian literature, you are the soul and pride of the Russian people, but you have created a new century of Russian literature in your creative career of more than 20 years! Section 5: You purified your soul in nature, cultivated your sentiment in people's sufferings, sharpened your fighting spirit in seeking truth, gained courage in the torrent of the times, and longed to steal the skyfire of western advanced ideas to burn down Russia's tyranny, and to draw on the flame of ancient oriental civilization to water Russia's thirsty land; The Spanish struggle, the fire of the French Revolution is burning your fiery heart, pugachev is suppressed, and the failure of The Decemberists brings you the theme of creation. The victory in the Great Patriotic War against Napoleon injected patriotic passion into you. You call for freedom, you call for light, you call for kindness, and you call for truth. You are a new sun rising in the bleak and gloomy sky of Russia. Your book is an "encyclopedia of Russia" and "full of the breath of the times"! In the sixth section, you showed the people all over the world the indomitable character, colorful ethnic customs and beautiful natural scenery of the Russian people, and you showed us a historical picture of the Russian people: the descendants of Peter the Great have always been hardworking, intelligent, persevering and fearless! You have sown the seeds of pursuing light and friendship in countries with different faiths. You solemnly declared that the Russian people love freedom, kindness, peace and truth. Yes, you brought Russian literature from the ivory tower in the palace to the people, and you brought the symbol of the Russian people: hold your unyielding head high and look to the new century! Yes, it is you who have pushed Russian literature into the advanced ranks of world literature, thus making the treasures in the treasure house of world literature more colorful and magnificent! Pushkin, you revere the history of China, the classical philosopher of China and Confucius. You have been fascinated by the poetry and painting of China's architectural art since childhood. You have been longing for the ancient China and the world-famous Great Wall of Wan Li. You are eager to know China. You have read 82 books about China. You mentioned this ancient country of "the state of etiquette" more than once in your works. 1830, you wrote a letter begging to come to this holy land. I think you are here to explore the splendid culture and long history of ancient China. I know you are here to explore the theme of creation and convey true friendship. However, the cruel czar is afraid that you will spread your rebellious thoughts abroad and forbid you to go abroad. You've been locked in a cage of tyranny all your life. However, great singer, please don't feel sorry and sad about it. Your high-pitched voice has been sung in China for a century. Your name has become a bond linking the friendship between the Chinese and Russian peoples, and your works have become colorful lights on the colorful bridge of Sino-Russian cultural exchange. The suffering people of China regard you as angels who spread light and truth, and regard your battle poems as horns for charging and weapons for fighting. No matter in the period of warlord melee, or in the most difficult era of revolution, whether in the bonfire of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression or in the victory of the war of liberation, the literary and art workers of China Revolution are discussing and reading your brilliant works, which is a banner of romanticism and realism that you gave to the literary world of China! Section 9 The people of China, who are masters of their own affairs, have never forgotten your charming voice at any time, and express their deep affection to you with gratitude and reverence: the only monument of a foreign poet stands on the Fenyang Highway in Shanghai, which is the highest reward given to you by the people of China and the most solemn etiquette for receiving you! For more than 100 years, the people of China have always regarded you as their own poet and bosom friend. You enjoy love and reverence, ranking first in the list of foreign writers. Your work has been published in China with many editions, translations and sales. No foreign writer or poet can keep pace with you and compete with you! How many generations of readers, admirers and translators have you had in China? The reform and opening-up China will always love you, always need you and always respect you! Section 10 Why do you have so many researchers, fans, followers and readers? Why does your work spread so widely and generate so much power? Because your noble and upright personality makes people love and yearn for it, because your unyielding fighting spirit inspires people to pursue the truth, because your dazzling literary talent gives people infinite passion and encouragement, and because your profound wisdom can produce thought-provoking and inspiring power. Reading and translating your brilliant works will sublimate people's hearts, discuss your magnificent and immortal life, and make people understand the true meaning of life: work tirelessly like you, create and contribute selflessly like you, and struggle tirelessly like you. Section 11 Time The old man pushed the earth around the sun 200 times without stopping, and mankind will step into 2 1 century with the footsteps of the old man. The times are leaping, history is advancing, science is developing and civilization is progressing, but the readers you have are increasing from generation to generation, batch after batch; Times are changing, life is changing, fashion is changing, and ideas are changing. However, your glorious and immortal works are still so fascinating and fascinating. Because you sang the people's voice, because you sang the sacred ode of truth, goodness and beauty, because you waved the sword of truth to expose the false painting of evil and ugliness, because you always fought for the truth in the history of Russia, because you never stopped singing in the kingdom of heaven in the hearts of the people! Section 12 Today, your name and brilliant works have spread not only in Russia, but also in China and the world. Now, your works have been translated into 150 languages, all over the world, and Pushkin has more than tens of millions of fans, researchers and readers! The torrent of history can't wash away the eternal monument you forged with wisdom, and the times can't wash away the people's cordial care and infinite respect for you. The motherland and people will never forget you, history and friends will never forget you, you will always live in the glorious album of history, you will always live in the hearts of the people, an ode to love, you belong to Russia, China, the whole world, the fighter of truth, you belong to history, today and the new century! Section 13 The pace of the times will never stop, the wheel of history will never turn back, the wings of human ideals will never break, and miracles will always appear in the world. Whoever makes immortal contributions to the progress of the times and historical development will always live in human history and people's hearts; Whoever dares to fool the people, laugh at history, create disasters and despise human dignity will be judged by history and spurned by the people! The people, only the people, are the most impartial witnesses of history, and history, only history, has the supreme right to judge. This is an irresistible historical dialectics to identify false, evil and ugly, punish evil and promote good, and it is an invincible logic for the people to judge truth, goodness and beauty and promote justice! Dear genius, your prediction has become a living reality. Dear sages, your ideal has become an amazing miracle. Please believe that tyranny will be reduced to ashes in the raging fire. Please believe that a brand-new world will inevitably rise on the land cultivated by the people! At that time, people could no longer hear the groans of deep pain under cruel tyranny. By then, there will be no more wars of killing each other and killing people in the homeland of mankind. At that time, there was only civilization, progress, development, prosperity, peace and friendship in the world. At the happy moment, please join the muse, the goddess of poetry and Bacchus to participate in the celebration of the new world and the foundation of the new century! The vivid generalization of this poem deepens Pushkin's life and expresses the author's reverence.