1. Lu You
Lu You (1125-1210), with the courtesy name Wuguan and the nickname Fangweng, was born in Shanyin, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province). Patriotic poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. Father Lu Zai is an intellectual with patriotic ideas. Family education enabled Lu You to establish the thought of caring about the country and the people and the ambition to kill the enemy and serve the country from an early age. He was eager to learn since he was a child, and "he was capable of poetry and prose at the age of twelve." He also learned swordsmanship and studied military science. Around the age of twenty-five, he learned poetry from Zeng Ji, a poet with patriotic ideas, and benefited a lot from it. From then on, he determined the patriotic tone of his poetry creation.
In the twenty-third year of Shaoxing (1153), he went to Lin'an to take the Jinshi examination. Because of his "happy discussion restoration", he was hated by Qin Hui and was expelled during the re-examination. It was not until three years after Qin Hui's death (1158) that he became the chief registrar of Ningde County, Fuzhou. At the beginning of Song Xiaozong's accession to the throne, he was summoned and given a Jinshi background. He successively served as general magistrate of Zhenjiang and Kuizhou, and served in the shogunate of Wang Yan and Fan Cheng. He promoted tea and salt affairs in Changping, Fujian and Jiangnan West Road, and had the authority to know Yanzhou. During the reign of Emperor Guangzong, in addition to the court officials, there was also a doctor in the Ministry of Rites. He was later impeached and resigned and returned to his hometown in Shanyin. He "lived among the old farmers", delivering medicines and medicines to the farmers, and developed a strong friendship with them. In the second year of Jiading (1210), the eighty-five-year-old poet passed away with the regret of "not wanting to see the Central Plains before he died". He was born in an era when national conflicts were acute and the country was in danger. With the heroic spirit of "an iron horse fighting against enemies" and "eating barbarians with anger" and the sacrificial spirit of "serving the country with one's life and risking one's death", he was determined to "sweep away the dust" and "Jingguo was in trouble", but in the political struggle, he was repeatedly squeezed and attacked by the capitulation faction of the court. However, he always persisted in his ideals.
The most distinctive feature of his poetry is that it is permeated with a strong spirit of patriotism. Most of his poems are elegant and graceful works, but there are also many impassioned works, full of tragic and patriotic passion. Mao Jin's "Postscript of Fang Weng's Ci" said: "Yang Yongxiu (Shen) said: 'The delicate part of Fang Weng's Ci is like Huaihai (Qinguan), and the majestic part is like Dongpo.' It is said that the super cool part is more like Jiaxuan'er." "His prose achievements are also very high, and he was praised by his predecessors as a master craftsman of the Southern Song Dynasty. Most of the political commentaries, historical records, travel notes, prefaces, and postscripts he wrote were in polished language and neatly structured.
Lu You is a glorious representative of the patriotic poetry school. With a strong spirit of patriotism and outstanding artistic achievements, his works have gained an important position in the history of Chinese literature.
Only one poem is attached to reflect his "ancient benevolent" style:
Sickness aroused the desire to write
Explanation of the problem
See " Jiannan Poetry Draft". It was written in the summer of the third year of Chunxi reign of Emperor Xiaozong of Song Dynasty (1176). At that time, while traveling in Chengdu, he was criticized and impeached and dismissed from office, so he bowed to his fields. In late spring, summer and autumn, the author fell ill. Although his life became increasingly poor, he still did not forget the meaning of recovery. So after recovering from the illness, he wrote the second chapter of "Sickness in the Book" to express his unwavering patriotism.
Original text
The diseased bones are torn apart and the gauze cap is wide,
The lonely minister travels thousands of miles to Jianggan.
I dare not forget about my country despite my humble position.
The matter is settled and the coffin needs to be closed.
The gods of heaven and earth support the temple community,
The elders of Jinghua look forward to Heluan.
"The Master" is a table that connects the present and the past.
Light up the lamp in the middle of the night to read more carefully.
2. Wen Tianxiang
Wen Tianxiang (1236-1283), whose original name was Yunsun, also given the courtesy name Songrui, also given the courtesy name Lushan, and given the pseudonym Wenshan. He was a native of Luling, Jizhou (now Ji'an County). An outstanding national hero and patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the fourth year of Baoyou (1256), he ranked first in Jinshi, but he was not given an official position due to the death of his father. In the early years of Kaiqing (1259), the Mongolian army attacked Ezhou (now Wuchang, Hubei), and the eunuch Dong Songchen invited Lizong moved the capital to avoid the enemy, and Wen Tianxiang asked Shu to kill Dong and Song ministers in order to inspire people and offer a strategy to fend off the enemy, but it was not adopted. Later, he served as a Langguan of the Ministry of Justice and Zhiruizhou. In the sixth year of Xianchun (1270) ), was dismissed for offending the traitor Jia Sidao. In the first month of the first year of Deyou (1275), Wen Yuan's army marched eastward, and Wen Tianxiang organized a rebel army in Ganzhou and marched to Lin'an (now Hangzhou, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty at that time). The following year He was appointed Prime Minister and Privy Envoy of the Right. At that time, the Yuan army had already invaded Lin'an, and he was sent to the Yuan camp to negotiate. He was detained and escorted to the north. At the end of February, Tianxiang, his guest Du Hu and other twelve people died in the night. Zhenzhou. Returned to the south by sea and went to Fujian to fight against the Yuan Dynasty with Zhang Shijie, Lu Xiufu and others. In the second year of Jingyan (1277), he marched into Jiangxi and recovered many prefectures and counties. Soon, he was defeated by the heavy troops of the Yuan Dynasty, and his wife and children were executed. , many soldiers died, Tianxiang escaped alone, and then retreated to Guangdong to continue fighting against the Yuan Dynasty. Later, he was attacked by Yuan soldiers led by traitors, and in December of the same year, he was captured in Wupoling (now Haifeng County, Guangdong). Yuan general Zhang Hongfan forced him to surrender Zhang Shijie wrote a poem "Crossing the Lingding Ocean" to express his feelings. The last sentence goes: "No one has died since ancient times, and his loyalty will be remembered by history." The next year, he was escorted to Dadu (today's Beijing) and imprisoned for four years, where he experienced various cruelties. Despite the test, he remained unyielding. He died calmly in 1283 at the age of 47. Wen Tianxiang created a large number of poems, lyrics and prose works. Among them, there are more than 100 poems, and his achievements are very high. There is "The Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan". Among them, "Guo Guo" "Ling Ding Yang", "Song of Righteousness" and other eternal masterpieces.
The minister's heart is like a magnetic needle, and he will not rest until he points to the direction - "Yangtze River" by Wen Tianxiang of the Song Dynasty