Haiku is a kind of Japanese classical short poem. Formally, each three-sentence poem usually consists of seventeen syllables of "5-7-5". Its predecessor was Liege, Japan. Japanese Legato originated from Japanese Legato and evolved from China's ancient Yuefu poems. When many people sing Legato together, there is a Legato with five sentences and 31 sounds, which is divided into one sentence, a threatening sentence and a conclusion sentence. The content and style of Liange are classical, and some people integrate satire, jokes and daily life into it, forming a kind of harmony. Later, some people wrote humorous sentences into independent poems, and there were haiku.
In this way, the formation of haiku is exactly the same as that of quatrains in China's ancient poems. The "absolute" of quatrains originally meant "break", that is, segmentation. Since the Book of Songs, poetry is a four-character poem. After Jin and Song Dynasties, quatrains appeared in large numbers, forming quatrains. Haiku and quatrains were originally only part of the original poetic style, but after being isolated from them, they became a new poetic style. But the integrity of haiku seems to be inferior to quatrains. The structure of quatrains is more complete, and most of them are related, while haiku is more like a fragment.
From the linguistic point of view, haiku is naturally concise and uncomplicated because of its strict syllable restrictions. Sometimes, in order to convey the inner feelings as much as possible with limited words, haiku will also show a great leap, just listing the images and looking incoherent, just like a child who just learned to speak, he can only say one word at a time, which is very incoherent. But these are the linguistic features of haiku. On the surface, the content presented by concise language is concrete, clear and limited. As Japanese modern aesthetician Daxikeli said, "For the viewer, the material written by haiku is only a kind of' semi-material'."
So, can this seemingly fragmented "semi-material" become a poem? I think the key is whether to create artistic conception, that is, whether the language of haiku contains meaning. It should be very appropriate to explain the relationship between words and meanings of haiku with the principle of "forgetting words with pride" in China's ancient literary aesthetics. "Zhuangzi Foreign Things" said: "The hoof is so much like a rabbit, and the rabbit forgets the hoof; The speaker was so concerned that he forgot to say it proudly. " What language can express is limited. Take language as a tool of pride, and don't stick to words. This view has influenced the field of literary creation and formed a tradition of pursuing endless meanings of words.
The language of haiku just meets the point of poor words, but can it be endless? This should be viewed from two aspects: creation and acceptance. Gao Bin Xu Zi once said: "Haiku is a kind of literature that expresses understanding." Not only should the creator be savvy, but he should also be able to capture inspiration and hint by describing the scene. Readers should also understand the implication when reading, and imagine and experience it in connection with their own emotions and experiences. Haiku has its own format, plus endless words and images, which should be regarded as poetry.
Take the phrase "ancient pond-leapfrog: underwater sound" mentioned at the beginning. If we imagine this picture, it is not difficult to feel a deep and silent artistic conception. Matsuo Bashō's "Waterbird's Mouth, Plum Blossoms with Leucorrhea" (Merlin) is even more unique, with only a few strokes, but it is infinitely poetic. Xiao Lin's "drunk, even talking upside down, like a double cherry" is so ingenious. But if you have never seen a frog jump into a pond, a waterfowl in Meilin or double cherry blossoms, these sentences are hardly poems to you.
We can find that the language of haiku is intuitive, the image outlined is intuitive and concrete, and the emotion behind it is sometimes hidden in the author's heart. From the perspective of image display, haiku is inseparable, but its meaning is sometimes inseparable, and sometimes it makes people feel meaningless. In this case, at least from the reader's point of view, there will be some non-poetic haiku. For example, Matsuo Bashō's Oh, it's okay, it's okay! I drank puffer fish soup and Kobayashi tea yesterday. Mouse, don't pee on my old quilt. Do you think this is a poem?