Zhang Huangyan
What will happen if the country is destroyed and the family is ruined? There is my teacher at the head of Xizi Lake.
The sun and the moon hang in the family’s tomb, half of the world is in the Yue Family Temple.
I will divide my bare hands into three seats, intending to borrow one for my loyalty.
In the future, on the east Zhejiang Road, the raging waves must belong to the barbarians!
Zhang Huangyan (1620-1664), whose courtesy name was Xuanzhen and whose name was Cangshui , a native of Yinxian County, Zhejiang Province, a Chongzhen Juren, a minister of the Southern Ming Dynasty, and a writer. In the first year of Hongguang (1645), he and Qian Sule and others launched an army to resist the Qing Dynasty. They were supervised by King Lu and guarded the mountains and coastal areas in eastern Zhejiang. Official to the Minister of Power and War. In the thirteenth year of Yongli's reign (1659), he joined forces with Zheng Chenggong, entered the Yangtze River, and besieged Nanjing. He led an army to Wuhu and took advantage of the victory to capture the four prefectures, three prefectures, and twenty-four counties. In the end, Zheng Chenggong was defeated and his army retreated without support. After the fall of King Houlu's regime, he sent people to contact the thirteen peasant armies of Jingxiang to resist the Qing Dynasty. In the third year of Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1664), seeing that the situation was over, he disbanded the remaining troops and lived in seclusion on Xuan'ao Island in Nantian (today's south of Xiangshan, Zhejiang). Soon after, he was betrayed by a traitor, arrested and imprisoned, and was killed. The poems he wrote are impassioned. There is "Zhang Cangshui Collection".
This poem is a farewell work written by the poet when he was escorted to Hangzhou and passed through his hometown of Yin County after being imprisoned. It mainly expresses the poet's ambition after death.
The first couplet of this seven-character poem is "What do you want when your country is destroyed and your family is ruined? There is my teacher at the head of the West Lake." It writes that the poet is happy to go to his destination. The Ming Dynasty was in ruins, swallowing the pain of national subjugation, and he had nothing to rely on, so where should he go? - This is the poet's rhetorical question in response to the enemy who escorted him to Hangzhou. With a spirit of perseverance that would carry him through life and death, he asked himself optimistically and fearlessly and answered: There are my heroic masters by the picturesque West Lake! There are no sad groans here, and there is no fear of death. Some are passionate tones and joyful yearning! He believes that it is a great pride and honor to be buried with the loyal bones on the shore of the West Lake, because they were originally teacher-like figures that he admired and learned from. This is really fast and touching, touching the heart!
The second couplet "The sun and the moon hang in the family's tomb, half of the universe is in the Yue family temple", which writes that the poet made up his mind to die for his country. "Yu" refers to Yu Qian, a famous patriotic politician in the Ming Dynasty. Unfortunately, after the restoration of Yingzong in the Suimen Incident, he was framed to death by Xu Youzhen and Shi Heng. "Yue Family" refers to Yue Fei, a famous general who fought against the Jin Dynasty in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was later falsely accused of treason, convicted on "unfounded" charges, and killed in Fengbo Pavilion. These two martyrs who left their names in history are the poets who learned from them. They erected tombs and built ancestral halls in Xizi Lake to pay tribute to their loyal legacy for future generations. The poet naturally thought of following them as models and was prepared to die calmly. Here, "the mouth and the moon hang together" are used to praise Yu Qian. On the one hand, it praises Yu Qian's life's uprightness and deeds that illuminate the sun and the moon. The two sentences in the poem "Lime Song", "I will not hesitate to break my bones and body, but I want to leave innocence in the world." are The vivid portrayal of his character is, on the one hand, a pun on "sun" and "moon" which means "ming", implying his unwavering loyalty to the Ming Dynasty. Here, "half of the universe" is also used to praise Yue Fei's achievements. The poet was moved by the national hero's vow to "start over from scratch, clean up the old mountains and rivers, and go to the Golden Palace" to resist the enemy and avenge his shame in the poem "Man Jiang Hong". In the second year of Jingkang, the Jin soldiers captured Bianjing, captured Emperors Hui and Qin, and went north. Half of the country was occupied, and the Northern Song Dynasty came to an end. And Yue Fei shouted "Give me back my rivers and mountains" and wanted to take back half of the world. Unfortunately, before his ambition was fulfilled and his achievements were not completed, he was killed by Qin Hui in Hangzhou. Zhang Huangyan, with his grief over the loss of the Ming Dynasty and his loyalty to serve the country with his own death, rested beside the West Lake like Yu Qian and Yue Fei. This is really passionate and full of energy!
The triple couplet "I am ashamed to divide my bare hands into three seats, intending to borrow a branch for my loyalty", which describes the poet's wish to be buried by the West Lake. "Bare hands" means empty hands. Here it means that one has no contribution. This is a word of humility. "Three seats", three seats, metaphorically refers to three cemeteries. "Borrowing a branch" uses the semantic meaning of "the wren's nest in the forest is only one branch" in "Zhuangzi·Xiaoyaoyou", indicating that the area is small. The poet is ashamed to be buried together with Yu Qian and Yue Fei, each occupying his own place. This is actually a strict requirement for himself. He has a feeling of "high mountain scenery and private admiration" for these two heroes. In addition, he hopes Occupying a small cemetery is also to show his loyalty and sincerity and to shine the glory of his personality. This is really awe-inspiring and righteous!
The last couplet "In the future, there will be no carriages on the east Zhejiang Road, and the raging waves must belong to the barbarians." The poet bids farewell to his fellow villagers in his hometown, showing his determination to resist the Qing Dynasty to the end. legacy. "Plain chariot", that is, "plain chariot and white horse", is derived from the classic book (Book of the Later Han: Biography of Shishi): Shifan, a man from Shanyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was friends with Zhang Shao of Runan. Shao died and was about to be buried. The style "plain chariot and white horse came crying. ". The poet used this allusion to say that after his death, he believed that on the day of burial, the villagers would rush from eastern Zhejiang to Hangzhou to attend the funeral just like Shi Fan came to mourn Zhang Shao. "鸱伊" also means Owl refers to a leather bag. "Guoyu·Wu Yu" says: "Wang Min said: 'I can't help the doctor to see anything.' So he took Shen Xu's body, filled it with owl, and threw it into the river. "The poet used an allusion in the Spring and Autumn Period in which Fu Chai, king of Wu, listened to slander and killed the hero Wu Zixu. The story is roughly: in the battle between Wu and Yue, the country of Yue failed, King Gou Jian of Yue was captured, the grand prime minister of Wu, Pei, was bribed by the country of Yue, and Xu Yue made peace. Leave trouble behind.
Before Wu Zixu died, he said, "After I die, I will hang my head on the Chang Gate of the capital of Wu State, so that I can see in the future when the army of Yue State invades and destroys Wu State, in order to condemn Fu Chai for not listening to loyal advice and bringing his own consequences." perish. King Wu Fu Chai was furious when he heard this, so he put Wu Zixu in a leather bag and threw him into the Qiantang River. Later, when the Yue State attacked the Wu State, Wu Zixu's ghost caused trouble and flooded the city, and Wu was destroyed by the Yue State. Zhang Huangyan used this story to say that the raging waves of the Qiantang River may not belong only to Wu Zixu ("鸱伊" means "Wu Zixu"), which shows that he is unwilling to give up and will set off the raging waves against the Qing Dynasty even under Jiuquan. He died with no regrets, but he complained that he did not see the revival of the Ming Dynasty with his own eyes, so he placed his hope on the people of eastern Zhejiang. This is really loud and exciting, full of excitement!
The whole poem is full of emotions, inspiring people's hearts, and has the style of "when the pen falls, the wind and rain startle, and the poem becomes weeping ghosts and gods". Zhang Huangyan fought against the Qing Dynasty for nineteen years, went through many hardships and dangers, and was deeply loved by the soldiers who fought against the Qing Dynasty. He was arrested and imprisoned, and the Qing government treated him like a guest, but he swore not to be treacherous. He just hated being in prison and not being able to ride on the battlefield. So he stepped out of the prison, put on shackles, and rushed to Hangzhou to die. After passing through his hometown, he expressed his resentment in prison and hoped that the villagers would continue to hold high the banner of resistance to the Qing Dynasty and fight to the death.
The poet writes poems with strong penmanship and prodigious talent. Reading them makes people feel not only the nobility of his person, but also the splendor of his writing!