The Development Course of Arabic Literature

During Abbasid Dynasty (750 ~ 1258), Abbasid Dynasty was a highly feudal and autocratic country. From the middle of the 8th century to the middle of the 9th century, the empire reached its peak. Ma Meng caliphate period (8 13 ~ 833) is called the golden age of Islamic culture. The representatives of Abbasid literature are Abbasid literature in Baghdad, bovis literature in Persia, Hamdan literature in Syria, Fatmeh literature in Egypt and West Africa, and Andalusian Arabic literature in southern Spain (7 10 ~ 1492). Literature in this period can be roughly divided into three stages:

From Abbasid Dynasty to the beginning of the 9th century, literature has made some innovations in ideological content and artistic form. At the turn of the old and the new, some writers and poets are not bound by the old tradition, dare to despise religious authority and put forward novel and bold opinions on real life. The representative poets are Bashir Bin Boulder (7 14 ~ 784), Abu Nouvas (762 ~ 8 14), Abou-Ata Hiye (748 ~ 825) and so on. Ibnal Muqaffa (724 ~ 759) is an essayist. He put forward a series of views on transforming society through his works "Small Gifts Collection and Great Gifts Collection" and his translation "Kalilai and Dimunai".

② From the beginning of the 9th century to the beginning of10th century, poets advocated ancient poetry and tried their best to restore the Arab tradition, which was a retrogression compared with the previous innovative spirit. Poetry is also influenced by Greek philosophy and Persian literature. Such as Abu Tamam's (788 ~ 846) archaic poems. Prose writer Jāhiz (775 ~ 868) wrote The Miser's Biography, Animal Book and Literary Criticism Rhetoric and Interpretation.

(3 3) 10/From the beginning of the 20th century to the end of Abbasid dynasty, literature tended to be carved and ornate, which influenced the end of19th century. Poetry is still outstanding, and a new poetic style "color poetry" ("Muwashah" in Arabic) has appeared in Andalusia. Representative poets are Mutanaibi (9 15 ~ 965), Abu Firas Hamdani (932 ~ 968), blind poet Abu-L-ala Marry (973 ~ 1057) and Ibn Farid (18/kloc-0). Prose has also developed greatly. The story of the poem Makamai is actually the embryonic form of Arabic classical short stories written by Buddy Zaman Hamadhani (969 ~ 1007) and Hariri (1054 ~ 1 122). Ibn Tufail (died at 1 185), an Andalusian writer, wrote philosophical novels. There are also two famous stories, The Legend of antara and The Arabian Nights. In the Mongolian stage (1258 ~ 15 16), since the Arab Abbasid Dynasty was destroyed by Mongolian Xuliewu, modern and ancient Arab literature has been in decline due to foreign domination and other reasons. There are few Arab classics, except for the Mamalik dynasty (1250 ~ 15 17), when Egyptian and Syrian literature flourished, and the poet Budsiri (121~1) appeared. During the Turkish period (15 16 ~ 1798), the Turks forced the Turkic language, which made the Arabic literature never recover. From the beginning of19th century to the beginning of 20th century, modern Arabic literature experienced a development process of nearly a hundred years. This long period can also be said to be the preparatory period for the establishment of modern Arabic literature.