Counseling Cases and Reference Answers of Shu Dao Nan

Teaching objectives of the tutorial plan and reference answers of Shu Dao Nan;

1, clear your mind, read carefully and understand the theme and meaning of the poem.

2. Learn how the works describe the grandeur and preciseness of Shu Dao, and feel the beauty of artistic conception and phonology of poetry with your heart.

3. Taste its elegant, bold and natural language and experience the artistic style of its poetry;

Emphasis and difficulty in teaching

1, clear your mind, read carefully and understand the theme and meaning of the poem.

Students appreciate this poem under the guidance of the teacher and learn how the work describes the majestic and steep Shu Road. (Difficulties) Teaching methods: reading aloud, connecting in series and discussing.

Teaching hours: 2

Teaching process:

Introduction of new curriculum:

In the history of our country, there once appeared a great romantic poet, who was known as the "Poet Fairy". He is Li Bai. When Li Baichu arrived in Chang 'an, He Zhangzhi visited and saw Li Bai's difficult way of Shu. After reading it, he sighed: "Li Bai is not a person, but you are a fairy, and you have been demoted to the world." Therefore, Li Bai is regarded as a "poetic fairy" by us. So, what is this poem "Difficult Shu Dao" that makes Li Bai gain the reputation of "Poet Fairy"? Let's study together today.

Knowledge link:

1, author and background.

Li Bai (70 1-762), whose word is Taibai, is a famous poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. I spent my youth in Sichuan. 25-year-old, left the Three Gorges, Pan Dongting, traveled to wuyue in the east and Taiyuan in the north. I have the ambition of "helping the poor". In 742, the ninth year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai was called to Beijing. He hoped to display his talents and make a difference in this trip, but his ideal was soon dashed. The emperor refused to reuse it, and the powerful ministers rejected it. He was given gold back for more than a year. Therefore, his mentality changed from joining the WTO to being born, so he became a degenerate, caring for mountains and rivers and enjoying poetry and wine. Finally died in Dangtu, Anhui. He left behind many well-known poems, among which Difficult Road to Shu, it is hard to go, Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream, Thinking on a Quiet Night, Morning Coming from Baidicheng and so on can best represent his artistic characteristics. He is good at all kinds of poems, especially ancient poems, and is a representative writer of romantic poems in Tang Dynasty.

2. A brief analysis of the theme.

Difficult Road to Shu is an old topic in Yuefu's Melody of Harmony Songs. Xie Yuefu said: "Isn't it in Shu" means the resistance of copper beam and jade base (both are the names of Shu Mountain). "According to the traditional content of this poem, this paper describes the breathtaking and wonderful mountains and rivers on the way from Qin to Shu Road with bold and unrestrained style and exaggerated description, which not only describes the hardships of Shu Road, but also describes the hardships of life journey. The whole poem is magnificent and bold in style, which shows the poet's outstanding artistic talent and rich imagination, and fully embodies Li Bai's romantic creative characteristics.

Combing and exploring:

First, read aloud.

Recitation prompt

Most Yuefu poems mean chanting. This poem tells the danger of Shu Dao, which means "wind man", especially chanting. Only by grasping this tone when reading aloud can the artistic conception in the poem be reproduced. The interview will be explained at different levels:

1. "Eh, it's hard in heaven."

These two sentences dominate the whole poem, laying the foundation for the tone of the whole poem, with unrestrained feelings and great momentum to read. The use of prose sentences shows that the poet can't help but blurt out when he looks up at Shu Road, and also shows a strong sigh. "Ouch" is a magical word. "Danger" and "height" are repeated in a sense, and it is extremely said that the Shu Road is high. Both "Hu" and "zai" can be sustained. You can read Shu Dao Nan slowly. After a short pause, the words "it's difficult to go to the sky" can be read in a rising tone, so the theme of the whole poem is self-evident.

2. "Until the two rulers of this area ... then the ladder and stone are hooked."

This layer is about the origin of Shu Dao, which should be read in narrative. Four sentences in Can Cong say that Qin and Shu have been isolated for a long time and there is no way to pass; The sentence "Wandering West" means "Taibai Bird Road", which means that no one can climb it-these are all paving the way for the following, so read it gently and gently. The last two sentences are correct, so we should deliberately exaggerate them, just like seeing a thrilling scene with our own eyes, which shows that the opening of Shu Road is an earth-shattering event.

3. "High, just like on a high banner, six dragons drive the sun ... Then, holding our chests in both hands, we fell to the ground with a groan."

This layer is closely linked to the above, and it says lofty Shu Dao, which means that although there is a road, it is difficult for people to walk, so they should read arias. The sentence "There is still" shows the general situation of Shu Dao from different angles, so you should read it slowly to make the listener's eyes move. I feel that the stress should fall on the words "Six dragons return to the sun" and "Canglang". The sentence "Yellow Crane" has a feeling of helplessness. After reading it, you can pause for the following. The last four sentences are close-ups, focusing on the situation of people walking on Qingniling Mountain. When reading them, you must have the idea of experiencing the situation. You can reread the words "hundred steps and hundred folds" and "walk well", but the speed should not be fast. You should have a meal at the "catch your breath", then read the last sentence and pause.

4. "We want to know whether this road to the west will never end ... Even hearing the news of this road will make people pale."

The title of this poem doesn't specify who to give to Shu, so "Ask Jun" here can also be assumed to be true, so it will be more intimate to read. It is not feasible to ask "when will it be returned". The stress should fall on the word "unreachable" and should be read in a convincing tone. The following four sentences use birdsong to render the sad atmosphere during the journey. When reading, you should lower your voice, feel lonely for thousands of miles, and slowly climb the "empty mountain". Then read the main sentence in a regretful tone and cook a short meal to "fade your face" to show that your meaning is still unfinished.

5. "The highest cliff is less than a foot from heaven ... Hu Weiwei is coming!"

It's still not feasible, but the content is deepened, because the Shu Road is sinister. The first four sentences are not purely objective descriptions. When you read them, you should imagine that tourists are climbing on the top of "Lotus Peak" and "Cliff" and are in "rapids and waterfalls flying down" to make the listeners feel thrilling. After reading, you can pause for a long time, and then slowly stop with "with all these dangers above danger" The last sentence is that the poet borrowed the tone of Shu people and sighed deeply at the tourists who came from the expedition-"Why did you come?" Not asking, but reading in a falling tone implies "why are you here?"

6. "Although the steeple is firm and stern ... but the wolf to his companion? ."

When I read the first sentence, I suddenly shook and reappeared the dangerous scene of Jiange. The sentence "First Lady" should be read in cadence, which shows that Jiange is easy to defend but difficult to attack. But the focus is on the last two sentences, warning people who travel westward: Jiange is the gateway of Shu, and the situation is dangerous, so it is easy to mutiny, so you must not stay in Shu for a long time.

7. "tigers who are hungry during the day should be afraid ... it is better to go home early."

The first four sentences directly follow the above and write a cruel scene in the Sichuan military rebellion. All four words are used, and the rhythm is short and powerful. When you read two words, it's terrible. Pause and read the last two sentences with sincere persuasion.

8. "it is hard to go is in the sky, squinting at the west for a long time."

This is the conclusion of the whole poem. When the main sentence appears for the third time, read it slowly and have a deep sigh. After "looking sideways to the west", pause for a moment, and then pronounce the word "long consultation" in a gradually slow and powerless tone. If there is a lingering sound, it will make people think deeply.

1. Listen to the tape, and students can master the uncommon pronunciation in the poem and the sentence reading of the poem in the process of listening and reading.

Ye xuyi (yix) yufu (fú) qinsai (yíng) stone war (zhàn)

Ape (náo), ginseng (shēn), towering (zhēngóng) and rock (yěng).

Tu (Tuan) consultant (z \) makes trouble () makes trouble with cliffs (png) and sucks blood (shǔn).

The students read the poem in chorus. The teacher checks the students' pronunciation and sentence reading while reading, and corrects the mistakes made by the students. On the basis of students' reading aloud, teachers and students explain the more important words in this poem to make clear their meanings.

Exclamation: interjection, Sichuan dialect.

Squeeze past in the foggy age: I am at a loss. It means ancient deeds, and it is difficult to elaborate.

Forty-eight thousand years have passed: aye, it was the beginning of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC).

Don't exchange tournaments with Qin: Tournament, a place with dangerous mountains and rivers. Communicate with each other.

Climbing to the peak of Emei: crossing and flying. Peak, peak.

High, like a high flag, six dragons drive the sun: go back, detour, detour. A high standard can be the highest peak of a sign.

The river far below violently impacts its twisted channel: reverse folding, rotation and countercurrent.

Such a height is hard to reach, even though the Yellow Crane once said that "crane" is associated with "sinister".

Panting, we brushed Orion and passed the well star: well, touch. Ginseng and well are the names of stars. Hold your breath.

Then, holding his chest with both hands, he collapsed to the ground with a groan: fake, chest.

Let people smell this withered face: wither, use, make ... wither, which means haggard here. Zhu Yan, beauty.

The highest cliff is less than a foot from heaven: start, distance and departure. Full, full.

Cliff turned to stone, thunder: the sound of water hitting the stone wall. Here as a verb, impact.

What if he is disloyal? Bandit, use "no". Wolves and jackals are metaphors of rebels.

Looking sideways at the west, ask: ask, sigh.

Second, poetry appreciation.

(A) the overall grasp of the structure

1, the main statement appears three times, and the main statement is: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

There are three sighs in the poem. What are the sighs?

Sigh: it is difficult to do it. The origin of Shu Dao is high and steep.

Two sighs: Dangers abound, and the scenery is bleak-when will the mountains and rivers be returned?

Three Sighs: Sighing the tragic scene of the war and the danger of Jiange's application to stop killing-ending with "returning early"

(B) Poetry appreciation

1, this poem has a broad artistic conception, great momentum and magnificent weather. The picture makes you dumbfounded and amazed. Try to combine with concrete.

Experience of poetry analysis.

"There is still only one bird path in Dabaishan to the west until the peak of Emei." In the poet's imagination, he seemed to see the endless landscape of mountains and rivers between Qin and Shu. Such a magnificent landform is really rare!

"Once it was destroyed by an earthquake, some brave people lost it, and then the ladder stone stack was hooked." 16 vividly reproduces the story about wuding mountain in folklore, which makes us seem to hear a loud cry when wuding mountain pulls a snake, and then an earth-shattering noise. It seems to see countless brave people clearing the way and erecting plank roads on the mountain, and we can't help but admire the greatness of divine power and manpower!

"On the high flag, six dragons drive the sun, while the river far below lashes its twisted channel." This is what the poet imagined he saw on the Shu Road: when he looked up at the highest peak in front of him, he saw six solar cars pulled by dragons being blocked and had to make a detour; Looking down again, I saw that the raging torrent was blocked by mountains and stirred up countless eddies-how magical and wonderful this painting is!

"Green Mud Mountain is made up of many circles. For every hundred steps, we have to turn nine times in the middle of its mound." This is the poet's vision of climbing Qingniling along Panshan Road.

"Panting, we passed Orion, passed Jingxing, then fell to the ground with our arms folded." This is what happened after writing at the top. It's like a series of shaking shots, but the interesting thing is the latter one: the poet walks through the stars, and sometimes he touches them curiously to see what it looks like. What a strange imagination!

"I can't hear anything except the cries of birds surrounded by ancient forests. The male bird rotates smoothly and follows the female bird. Jathyapple, and the empty mountain here, the melancholy voice of the cuckoo. " This is what the poet imagined the tourists to see on the road. The picture is sad: birds sing, making the mountain forest seem quieter and as desolate as the virgin forest. Compared with the above picture, the color tone has changed, which also reflects the diversity of the scenery of Shu Road, but the atmosphere is pressing, which makes people feel terrible lonely.

"The highest cliff is less than a foot from heaven, and dry pine trees hang down from the cliff surface. The waterfall is noisy, the cliff is turned into stone, and it is thunderous. " This is an extremely thrilling picture, which is different from the height of Shu Road emphasized above. Even steep peaks and steep walls, cutting cliffs and turning over rocks, will endanger the lives of tourists, making people feel scared and terrified, so it is called "adding risks to this risk" in the following.

Teacher's summary: There are so many hidden pictures that it goes without saying that their realm is vast; No matter how high the mountain is, no matter how fast the water is, no matter how big the rivers and mountains are, no matter how big the trees are, no matter how lonely the trees are, no matter how dangerous the peaks are, no matter how dangerous the cliffs are, they are all threatening, and their majestic weather is really beyond the reach of others. Generally speaking, its changing speed is more and more strange, often unexpected and dizzying. Therefore, Shen Deqian Cloud's "thunder between your fingers" is not an empty talk!

(3) Discuss the difficulties

1. What's the meaning of the poem "It's hard to get through the Shu Road, and it's hard to get to the sky"? It appeared three times. What's the use?

Li Bai is good at absorbing nutrition from folk songs. The writing style of "one chant and three sighs" in this poem is obviously the inheritance of the repetitive form in the Book of Songs, and at the same time it has made great development. If time permits, let the students review the works they have learned in The Book of Songs, such as "Serviceman" and "No Clothes", and make a comparison-this extends from the appreciation of content to the appreciation of form.

Key points of reference answer: it is extremely difficult to enter Shu from Qin because of the danger of Shu, so we must guard against careerists who come out according to the danger. When this sentence is repeated three times, it forms a pattern that the theme sentence runs through the whole poem and the content is in-depth layer by layer, which has the effect of singing and sighing. Three sighs, one sighs the height of Shu Dao, two sighs the danger of Shu Dao, and three sighs the disaster of Shu Dao's fierce battle.

2. How many layers are there at the beginning of the poem to describe the origin of Shu Dao? What's the use of quoting the legend of Wuding Mountain?

The first question is divided into three layers: the first layer describes the long-term occlusion of Shu, which means high mountains, and "48 thousand years old" is an exaggerated narrative; The second layer describes the landscape of mountains and rivers between Qin and Shu, that is, nobody walks. The third layer describes the origin of Shu Dao.

The second question: it shows the struggle between man and nature and the strong desire of working people to transform nature, and praises the divine power and the courage of pioneers.

3. Read "Six Dragons Return to Japan ..." Sit carefully and sigh, and talk about what kind of writing methods the poet used to express the grandeur and preciseness of Shu Dao.

① The four sentences of "Shang You" are written as "Mian", that is, the overall image of Shu Dao; The four sentences of "green mud" are written as "points", which is the situation of green mud ridge, and the points and surfaces are combined. (2) "Six dragons return to Japan" and "visiting wells" are the imagination of the poet. It's too exaggerated.

4. What kind of atmosphere did the poet create for this "fear of the road"?

The four sentences in Jian Dan render a sad atmosphere; The sentence "Lianfeng" renders a thrilling atmosphere.

5. What does the paragraph about Jiange contain? Talk about the poet's intention to write like this in the context of the time.

Jiange is the gateway of Shu, and writing Jiange, as Hu Zhenheng said, is to "keep its precepts". This topic involves the moral of poetry.

The key point of the answer: "One man can defend it, but ten thousand people can't force it" means that Jiange is in a dangerous situation, which implies that the army of the central court is difficult to break, so the aspirant can launch a rebellion. "But what about the wolf to his companions?" According to risks and engaging in local separatism. If there are contradictions and conflicts between separatist forces, there will inevitably be scuffles, and the result will definitely be "killing people like hemp." The poet's prediction was confirmed more than ten years later: from the second year of Shang Dynasty (76 1) to the beginning of Dali (766, 767), Duan, Xu Zhi and others successively launched rebellion.

The poet's intention is to guard against careerists.

Supplementary information:

Poetic implication

There are always different interpretations about the meaning of this poem.

First, I wrote this poem because I wanted to harm Fang and Du Fu in the world, fearing their safety. This statement was written by Dai Fan at the end of the Tang Dynasty, and was later adopted by the biography of Yanwu in the New Tang Dynasty, but it is not credible. Press Zhenshu * * * twice, and the time is not long. The first time was from the solstice in the winter of the second year of Su Zong Shang Yuan (76 1) to the summer of the first year of Baoying (762). If it really happened, it should have happened during this period, but there is no other historical data to prove it, and no evidence can be found in Du Fu's poems during this period. As for the second town of Shu, it was the second year of Zong Guangde (764), and Li Bai had passed away (the house was also sick). If this happened, it had nothing to do with Li Bai.

Say: It's written to satirize zhāng qiú (compound surname) and Joan. This statement comes from Meng Qian Bi Tan written by Shen Kuo in the Song Dynasty, and it also lacks basis. Press: From the 27th year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (739) to the 5th year of Tianbao (746), Zhangqiu and Qiong were the envoys of Jiannan. He was good at flattery and didn't resist the central court.

One said: it was written to satirize the Anshi rebellion of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty, but fortunately it was in Shu. This sentence comes from the annotation of Li Taibai's Classified Supplement, which is very detailed, and all the sentences have corresponding explanations. It mainly imitates the examples in Du Fu's The Journey to the West that Tang Suzong is called "Jun" (such as "fearing the loss of Jun" and "being sincere in rejuvenating the country"), and thinks that the "Jun" in this poem refers to Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. This is pure speculation.

Amin scholar Hu Zhenheng once refuted the above three theories in Li Shitong and said that he had made some innovations:

"If Joan is in Shu, there is no evidence of domineering, which can be used as a language (according to:' If she is unfaithful, what about the wolf to her companion?' ). While leaving the city after Zhide (the first national title), Xuanzong was lucky to be in Shu at the end of Tianbao, which was inconsistent with the poem, but at the beginning of Tianbao. Then this number seems to be a mystery. A fool thinks that Shu Dao Nan is an ancient harmony song, and there are many imitators between Liang and Chen, so we must do our best? People praise their ears as Shu. Say it's risky, but its warning is like a cloud, "What if he is not loyal, but a wolf to his companion?" . The meaning of the wind is far away. I have to ask a person to do something for a while. I won't miss it. The emphasis in this article was added by the editor. )

We think Hu Zhenheng's statement is very reasonable. The words "be more cautious about risks" are particularly accurate. If we directly interpret the text and contact the frequent turmoil in Shu before and after the Anshi Rebellion, we can see that the poet's original intention is probably exactly the same. Compared with those who use "one person for a while" to interpret poetry, Hu's point of view is indeed much more brilliant.

Classroom exercises:

(1) This is a Yuefu poem, which is mainly composed of seven words, but with many miscellaneous sentences and changeable rhythm, similar to prose syntax. Try to divide the rhythm of the following poems, read them several times and talk about their role in the style of this poem.

1. Eh, high risk! The difficulty of Shu Dao is difficult to go to the sky!

On the high flag, six dragons drive the sun, but far below, the river lashes its twisted channel.

3. You have come a long way in spite of many dangers!

Although the bunker is strong and steep, one person guards it and ten thousand people can't beat it.

In view of the long length and difficult content of this poem, it is not suitable for students to recite it at the beginning of teaching, so the topic is designed first and the recitation exercise is put at the end, which is different from the rest of this unit. The purpose is to make students adapt to the change of the rhythm of this poem and read it with a little charm. Don't read some sentences as prose, which is very necessary to understand the poet's passionate feelings and elegant style.

This poem is a miscellaneous poem, but it is obviously different from the works of other miscellaneous poets and Li Bai's miscellaneous works (such as Into the Wine, Liang and Lu Shan Ge). The difference is that if viewed in isolation, some of these sentences (such as those listed in the exercise) are indeed prose sentences. But we don't call them that, because they are part of the whole poem after all, and they can only be said to be prose poems, or the syntax is similar to prose. Of course, this is not optional. Without Li Bai's spirit and talent, it can't be controlled.

Reference answer:

1. er,/dangerous/high! Shudao/difficult, but difficult/to the sky! ("Sorrow" is a compound interjection, which must be read in one breath without stopping. "Dangerous height" should also be read in one breath, and "Hu" has a sustained sound. "ambition" and "Yu" should be read lightly. )

2. There are high specifications of/Liulong going back to Japan/above, and there are/rushing back to Sichuan/below. (""means a very short pause. "You" reverberates. Light reading of Records. )

3. Danger/So, come on/People from afar/Come on! (After Ye, he died. "∨" table has a long pause. )

4. Jiange/Zheng Rong/Hehe, and while one man guards it,/Mokai. ("He" is easy to read. )

These poems seem to be driven by passionate feelings and can't help but blurt out, vividly showing the heroic style of the poet.

(2) The incorrect explanation in bold type is [] B.

A. being pushed forward in the foggy age is a kind of loss: complete ignorance.

B.fear of the road: I'm afraid of the road.

C. panting, we brushed Orion and passed the threat of the well star: the nose did not dare to vent, only two threats moved to breathe.

D even hearing it will make your cheeks pale and wither: wither, which means haggard here.

(3) Read Li Bai's Climbing the Taibai Peak and complete 1~7 questions.

Mount Taibai Peak in the west and climb the peak at sunset. Venus greeted me and opened the customs for me. Willing to go in the cold wind,

Straight out of the clouds. You can get close to the moon by raising your hand, and there seems to be no mountain obstacle to fly forward. Once the martial arts of separation are gone, when can we return?

1. What do the two "Taibai" in the poem mean?