It is the starting point for directors and actors to create again. In the literary field, it is a unique style. In the art field, it is close to literature; In the field of drama, it is the fundamental starting point of all drama activities.
The script is mainly composed of lines and stage descriptions. The first-person narrator is used in dialogues, monologues and narrators, and lyrics are often used in operas and operas. The stage description in the script is a narrative description written in the playwright's tone, including the description of the time and place of the plot, the description of the characters' image characteristics, body movements and inner activities, the description of the scene and atmosphere, and the requirements for scenery, lighting and sound effects. In the history of drama development, the emergence of scripts is roughly when drama is formally formed and mature. The ancient Greek tragedy developed from the original Dionysian ceremony to a complete performing art, which fundamentally marked the emergence of a large number of tragic scripts; China's operas and dramas in the Song and Yuan Dynasties are the most reliable evidence that China's dramas are maturing. The maturity of Indian and Japanese classical dramas is also marked by a number of scripts handed down from generation to generation. However, there are some mature drama forms without scripts, such as some burlesque in ancient Greece and Rome, early Italian impromptu comedies, some oral plays of Japanese kabuki, song and dance sketches and funny sketches in China in the Tang Dynasty, and modern pantomime.
The most important thing in script writing is to be able to perform on the stage. Drama text is not the completion of art, but it can only be said in half. It is not until the stage performance (that is, the "performance text") that the final art is presented. Some scholars in the past dynasties wrote plays that were not suitable for stage performance or even impossible to perform at all. This kind of drama text is called desk drama (also called study drama). Famous as Oscar Wilde's Salome. And a good script can have the dual value of being suitable for reading and creating excellent stage performances.
An original script that can be performed on the stage still needs to be appropriately modified to meet the actual needs under the needs of different stages and performers. Therefore, the stage staff will modify a work script different from the original one, and have detailed comments and marks on how a paragraph in the script should be executed. Such a script is called a dictionary or a performance book or a reminder book. In addition, the script is a complete performance script, and there is a simple stage performance script with only a short plot outline. The actual dialogue and performance depend on the improvisation of actors on the field, and this script is called "screen table".
Famous script
Domestic: Thunderstorm by Cao Yu, a Beijinger, sleeping on the salary and courage (later renamed Sword of the Brave), Wang Zhaojun, vilen.
Lao She's Longxugou and Teahouse
Guo Moruo's Flowers of Tang Di, Qu Yuan, Cai Wenji and Wu Zetian.
Abroad: Ibsen's Dollhouse
[Edit this paragraph] The creator of the script.
The creator of a script is called a screenwriter or playwright.
In modern times, playwrights are not just individual playwrights. In China, the emergence of an excellent and largest playwright team, "Five Clouds", broke the routine and presented the former individual playwrights as a whole team, which was more professional and credible. Every script created is more comprehensive and more suitable for the requirements and recognition of the society and the film and television bureau, thus excluding the one-sidedness of individual playwrights in the past and showing the progress of playwrights in the new era, which cannot be ignored.
[Edit this paragraph] The content of the script
The script is mainly composed of dialogue between characters (or lyrics) and stage prompts. Stage tips generally point out the tone of the characters' speech, the actions when they speak, or the characters go up and down, pointing out the changes of scenes or other effects.
Typical script examples are as follows:
Miss's room
Wang Ma: (cautiously) Miss, you still have to take care of yourself. Have something to eat.
Miss: (dropping the bowl on the floor) No, I just won't eat it.
(under Wang Ma)
[Edit this paragraph] The structure of the script
A long play is often composed of many different paragraphs. In different kinds of dramas, different units are used to distinguish paragraphs. In western drama, "screen" is widely used as a large unit, and it is divided into many small "fields" under the screen. China's Yuan Zaju takes "Zhe" as the unit, while South Opera takes "Chu" as the unit, which represents the order in which actors enter and leave the theater. After the creation of literati in Ming Dynasty, "Chu" was changed to a more complicated "Chu".
The structure of the script can generally be divided into "beginning, development, turning point, climax and climax ending". Of course, the structure will change according to the different screenwriter skills. Such as "well-made drama".
[Edit this paragraph] Classification of scripts
According to the scope of application, it can be divided into: drama script, textbook script, movie script, TV drama script, novel script, cross talk and sketch.
According to the theme of the script, it can be divided into comedy, tragedy, historical drama, family ethics drama, thriller drama and so on.
There is also a kind of drama that mainly pursues literariness, does not aim at performance, or is not suitable for performance. It is called "desk play" and "study play". /kloc-many romantic poets and writers in Europe in the 0 th and 9 th centuries created many poems in this form of drama, but they can only provide reading and are not suitable for performance. Therefore, in drama creation, playwrights should understand the stage and performance, and handle the literariness of the script in script creation.
[Edit this paragraph] Three taboos in script creation
1, write the script into a novel
Script writing and novel writing are completely different. You should know that the purpose of writing a script is to express a series of pictures in words, so you should let people who read the script immediately associate words with a picture and bring them into the world of animation. Novels are different. In addition to drawing pictures, it also includes lyrical sentences, rhetorical devices and descriptions of characters' inner world. These shouldn't be in the script. For a simple example, there is a saying in the novel:
"Today, the students are nervously waiting for the results. After Xiao Ming left his parents, he went to school to get the result notice. The teacher gave out the report card, and Xiao Ming thought that it would be bad if he failed this time.
He is very worried, afraid that he won't know how to face his family after failing the exam ... "
Imagine that if you write the above sentence in the script, you are showing the actors how to express it with actions.
If you want to express the same meaning in a script, you can only write it like this:
In the classroom, the students are all sitting in their seats, with nervous expressions on their faces, looking at the teacher standing outside. The teacher has a stack of grade notices in his hand. She looked at the first one and shouted, "Chen Daxiong!" "Male immediately go out to get the report card. Xiaoming is in the corner of the classroom, rubbing his hands constantly. He saw outside the classroom, and the picture gradually returned to the scene in the morning. Early in the morning, Xiaoming's parents were sitting in the hall. Xiaoming puts on his school uniform and is ready to go out. He looked at his father and then at his mother. Seeing their serious faces, he didn't know what to say. Xiaoming's father said, "Will it be there?" Xiao Ming said, "Yes ... Yes. "
Chen Xiaoming! The teacher's loud voice brought Xiao Ming back to reality from his memory. The teacher looked at Xiao Ming with a report card in his hand. Xiao Ming stayed for a while, and then quickly went out to get it. ...
2. Tell stories in words.
There can't be too much dialogue in the script (unless the plot needs it), otherwise the whole story will become incoherent and lack of action, and the audience will look as if they are listening to the script, which is so boring. You should know that what you want to write now is the film language, not the literary language. It is only suitable for reading what is not suitable for reading, not a good script. Therefore, an excellent movie script, the less dialogue, the stronger the picture sense and the greater the impact.
To give a simple example, for example, if you call a person, it is best not to let him sit still by the phone and just talk. If the plot requires, let him stand up, or take a few steps with his mobile phone to avoid the dullness and monotony of the picture.
There are too many details in the story.
Many people write scripts with too many details. There are many characters and scenes in the details, which makes the story complicated and the audience may not understand and know what the author wants to express. Imagine if a movie has more than a dozen important characters at the same time, and there are many stories among the characters. You can ask the audience to remember each character so clearly in a short time.
In fact, there is a motto when writing a script: simplicity is the best!
The simpler the story, the better. Think about all the good movies you have seen, and whether their plots are simple or not. For example, the movie Titanic only tells that a big ship sank and the hero and heroine fell in love during the sinking. The same is true of other movies, as simple as a newspaper short comment and a story outline in just a few dozen words.