Dialysis: There are many prose poems in this poem, and the rhythm is changeable, such as: ① Alas, alas, the danger is endless/lofty! The difficulty/difficulty/difficulty/clarity of Shu Dao! (2) Have/Six Dragons/Return to Yang/High Standard, Have/Surf/Reverse/Return to Sichuan. (3) the risk is also/so, well/far/people/hu/come! 4 Jiange/Zheng Rong/II/Cui Wei, and while one man guards it, ten thousand cannot force it. They are poems that the poet can't help but blurt out when describing the extremely dangerous mountains, waters and roads of Shu. Such prose poems are mixed with ups and downs, which show the poet's passionate feelings and form a bold and elegant style of poetry.
2. "It is difficult to go to the sky!" What does this poem mean? What will it do if it appears three times?
Dialysis: This sentence is the main theme of the whole poem, which greatly exaggerates the difficulties of Shu Dao: Shu Dao is steep and difficult to travel, the environment is horrible and sinister, and social crisis lurks. The poet creatively inherited the repetition form commonly used in ancient folk songs since the Book of Songs, which made this sentence appear with the ups and downs of feelings and the changes of natural scenery. For the first time, from the beginning of the poem, the theme was pointed out with strong emotional exclamation, which laid a magnificent tone for the whole poem and dominated the whole article from the content. The middle appeared after describing the steep and dangerous road and the horrible and sad feeling of the journey, which is the embodiment of the poet's restless and uncontrollable feelings. Finally, it appeared at the end of the poem, which was a deep sigh for Sichuan's sinister mountains and rivers and sinister society. In short, the main sentence appears in the place where it has to appear every time, running through it, pushing the content deeper and deeper, making people relaxed and sighing.
3. What are the passionate emotions and bold and elegant artistic styles of this poem?
Dialysis: First, it is manifested in the use of exaggeration. The poet exaggerated the ancient seclusion of Shu with "48,000 years old". The yellow crane flew in, and the ape worried about climbing, exaggerating the difficulty of Shu Dao; Exaggerate the twists and turns of the mountain road with a hundred steps and ten percent discount; Exaggerate the height of the mountain peak with "six dragons return to the sun", "heaven is not full of feet" and "walking the well" The second is the application of folklore and myth. The poet used the myth and legend of how to ride six dragons to carry the sun god to show the preciseness of the wall on Shu Road, and the legend of Wuding Mountain to show the struggle between man and nature in the process of digging Shu Road, showing the strong desire of working people to transform nature and the great power to create the world. Third, it is reflected in the author's rich imagination. With the help of magical imagination, the author imagines that six dragons will return to Japan, they will visit wells, and they will feel sad on the way, which casts a magical color on the whole poem. Fourthly, the extraordinary rhythm and melody formed by the prose sentences in this poem.
4. What does a passage about Jiange contain? Talk about the poet's intention of writing this way in connection with the background of the times at that time.
Dialysis: this paragraph describes that Jiange is easy to defend but difficult to attack, which is the situation of the gateway in central Sichuan: it is afraid that the defenders in Sichuan will become separatist forces; Reflections on the Sichuan War Disaster: This is a warning to those who go to Shu to live. At that time, many festivals occupied important places, and the most concentrated saint An Lushan was armed to the teeth. The author writes about the danger of Jiange, the fierce battle in Sichuan, aiming at warning and satirizing the rulers to pay attention to the hidden crisis under the peaceful scene. Later "An Shi Rebellion" and later "Fan Li's separatist regime" fully showed how far-reaching the poet's worries were.
5. What is the structure and idea of this poem?
Dialysis: the beginning: the topic sentence appears
Thinking: Qin → Shu. Ancient → present. Objective → subjective. Nature → society. Write Risk → Apply for Warning
Problem-solving guidance
This is a Yuefu poem, which is mainly composed of seven words, but there are many miscellaneous sentences with changeable rhythm, similar to prose syntax. Try to divide the rhythm of the following poems, read them several times and talk about their role in the style of this poem.
1. Eh, high risk! The difficulty of Shu Dao is difficult to go to the sky!
On the high flag, six dragons drive the sun, but far below, the river lashes its twisted channel.
3. You have come a long way in spite of many dangers!
Although the bunker is strong and steep, one person guards it and ten thousand people can't beat it.
In view of the long length and difficult content of this poem, it is not suitable for students to recite it at the beginning of teaching, so the topic is designed first and the recitation exercise is put at the end, which is different from the rest of this unit. The purpose is to make students adapt to the change of the rhythm of this poem and read it with a little charm. Don't read some sentences as prose, which is very necessary to understand the poet's passionate feelings and elegant style.
This poem is a miscellaneous poem, but it is obviously different from the works of other miscellaneous poets and Li Bai's miscellaneous works (such as Into the Wine, Liang and Lu Shan Ge). The difference is that if viewed in isolation, some of these sentences (such as those listed in the exercise) are indeed prose sentences. But we don't call them that, because they are part of the whole poem after all, and they can only be said to be prose poems, or the syntax is similar to prose. Of course, this is not optional. Without Li Bai's spirit and talent, it can't be controlled.
Reference answer:
1. er,/dangerous/high! Shudao/difficult, but difficult/to the sky! ("Sorrow" is a compound interjection, which must be read in one breath without stopping. "Dangerous height" should also be read in one breath, and "Hu" has a sustained sound. "ambition" and "Yu" should be read lightly. )
2. There is a high standard of/Liulong returning to Japan/above, and there is a high standard of/Chongbo reversing/returning to Sichuan below. (""means a very short pause. "You" reverberates. Light reading of Records. )
3. It's too dangerous, isn't it/people far away//Hu/Come on! (After Ye, he died. The "//"table has a long pause. )
4. Jiange/Zheng Rong/Hehe, and while one man guards it,/Mokai. ("He" is easy to read. )
These poems seem to be driven by strong feelings, and the poet blurts out, vividly showing the heroic style of the poet.
2. What does it mean in the poem that "it is difficult to get through the Shu Road and it is difficult to go to the sky"? It appeared three times. What's the use?
This question aims at appreciating the content of poetry. The focus is on the former question, and the latter question is a supplement to the former question, that is to say, we can start with the form. Therefore, in practice, we should ask the latter question first, and then analyze the meaning of this sentence.
This question is difficult and should not be raised too early. The essential conditions for answering questions are: (1) basically reciting the text; (2) Clarify the structural level of the text; (3) Understand the general idea of the poem.
Li Bai is good at absorbing nutrition from folk songs. The writing style of "one chant and three sighs" in this poem is obviously the inheritance of the repetitive form in the Book of Songs, and at the same time it has made great development. If time permits, let the students review the works they have learned in The Book of Songs, such as "Serviceman" and "No Clothes", and make a comparison-this extends from the appreciation of content to the appreciation of form.
Reference answer points:
It is said that it is difficult for Qin to enter Shu because of the danger of Shu Road, and it is necessary to guard against the careerists who rebel according to the danger. When this sentence is repeated three times, it forms a pattern that the theme sentence runs through the whole poem and the content is in-depth layer by layer, which has the effect of singing and sighing. Three sighs, one sighs the height of Shu Dao, two sighs the danger of Shu Dao, and three sighs the disaster of Shu Dao's fierce battle. See "Appreciation Point" for details.
Answer the following questions and experience the poet's passionate feelings and bold and elegant artistic style.
1. How many layers are there at the beginning of the poem to describe the origin of Shu Dao? What's the use of quoting the legend of Wuding Mountain?
2. Read "Six Dragons Return to Japan ..." Sit carefully and sigh, and talk about what kind of writing methods the poet used to express the grandeur and preciseness of Shu Dao.
3. What kind of atmosphere did the poet create for this "fear of the road"?
△ 4. What does the paragraph about Jiange contain? Talk about the poet's intention to write like this in the context of the time.
This topic contains four small questions: the first three small questions are used to appreciate the artistic characteristics of poetry and are put forward in the order of paragraphs in the text. You can discuss a problem, recite a paragraph, and combine appreciation with recitation; The principle of proposition is to discuss poetry on the basis of poetry, and there is no comprehensive way in the history of literature; After the discussion, the teacher can refer to the analysis of "meteorology" in "Essentials of Appreciation" and raise the appreciation to a slightly higher level. The fourth question is used to appreciate the meaning of poetry, because it involves historical background and different views (see "overall perception"), which is difficult and cannot be discussed in low-level teaching classes.
1. This topic involves the poet's exaggerated narration and the use of folk customs. The focus is on the second question.
Key points of the answer:
The first question is divided into three layers: the first layer describes the long-term occlusion of Shu, which means high mountains, and "48 thousand years old" is an exaggerated narrative; The second layer describes the landscape of mountains and rivers between Qin and Shu, that is, nobody walks. The third layer describes the origin of Shu Dao.
The second question: it shows the struggle between man and nature and the strong desire of working people to transform nature, and praises the divine power and the courage of pioneers.
This topic involves the combination of writing and exaggeration, and also shows the richness and strangeness of the poet's imagination.