The writing is shocking and heartbreaking. In the busy farming season of wheat harvest in May, women take their children to the fields to give food and water to young men who are cutting wheat. These farmers were buried in Nangang wheat fields, fumigated by the intense heat and roasted on their backs by the scorching sun. They are exhausted and don't feel hot. They just cherish the long days in summer and can do more work. This is the first labor scene, which is characterized by being in full swing and the whole family is busy. Even the children who should have enjoyed themselves in the cool are carrying pots to deliver pulp and running around, which shows that the hardships of this farmer are not easy. Then, the poem describes a sad scene: a poor woman, with a child in her arms and a broken basket in her hand, is picking up wheat by the wheat harvester. Why are you picking wheat? Because her family's fields have "lost all taxes"-they have been sold out to pay official taxes, and now there is no land to plant, no Michael to harvest, no livelihood, so we have to rely on wheat to satisfy our hunger. Food is the most important thing for the people, and land is the lifeblood of farmers. The mother and son who lost their land can only survive in such embarrassing hardships and humiliation. These two labor scenes witnessed the hardships and pains of farmers' survival, revealed the author's pity and sympathy for farmers, and also revealed the crime of extortion by officials through levying exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees.
It's soul-stirring and makes people sad and angry. Bai Juyi can truly describe the hardships and busyness of working people in farming, and at the same time, he can truly write the voices of working people, especially depicting the abnormal psychology of working people in a certain situation, and profoundly revealing the theme of poetry. In "Selling Charcoal Weng", "Poor people wear simple clothes, but worry about charcoal, and wish it were cold". He wrote that the old man selling charcoal, despite the cold wind and thin clothes, is willing to have colder weather and let charcoal sell at a good price. The old man changed his mind because of food and clothing. "I don't know the heat when I'm exhausted, but I regret the long summer" in "Watching Wheat Cutting" is also a kind of abnormal psychology. Despite the scorching sun, scorching earth and transpiration in the countryside, tired and panting farmers still don't feel hot. Instead, he hopes that such a hot day can extend the time and give him more time to harvest more wheat. Labor has reached a tireless, tireless and endless level. It can only be said that labor alienated people and deprived them of the nature of feeling life and enjoying happiness!
The lyrics are more heart-to-heart and attract people to sing. Bai Juyi's value lies in that he is not standing in the field and lamenting the hardships of farmers, nor is he condescending to give them pity and sympathy with his rank. He put himself in the farmer's shoes, worried about the farmer's worries and worries. He compared the poverty and kindness of the working people with the luxury and tyranny of the landlord class, compared his own comfort with the poverty of the working people, reflected on himself, and felt deeply ashamed of the peasants. This poem describes the hardships and pains of farmers in the hot summer, and the poet also thinks of himself. He feels that he has no "merit" and "no pains for farming and mulberry", but he gets a salary of "three hundred stones" and still has "surplus grain" at the end of the year, so he "feels ashamed to think about it and can't forget it every day." At that time, the poet could not only compare with the peasants actively, but also reflect on his own mistakes, sympathize with the peasants' sufferings and express grievances for them. This is really commendable. Du Fu thought of the poor in the world from his "Cottage Blown by Autumn Wind", and issued the voice that "there are thousands of spacious buildings, and the poor in the world are happy". Bai Juyi thought of the guilt and shame of being spoiled and standing by from the hardships of farmers and the life-and-death struggle. The essence of the two is the same. They are all writers with a sense of justice and compassion. In that era when the rich and the poor are uneven and the people are in poverty, they can uphold morality and conscience and shout for the sufferings of people's livelihood. They are all humanitarians who can really observe their joys and sorrows from the standpoint of farmers. Although the hard life and miserable situation of farmers have not changed because of their pity and crying, we have to say that their humanitarian feelings of caring for people's livelihood and observing people's feelings can definitely break through the historical night sky and shine through the ages!
Seeing Wheat Cutting is a poem written by Bai Juyi when he was a county magistrate in zhouzhi county, and he felt the hard-working and poor life of the local people. The work criticizes the heavy taxes that caused people's poverty, and feels deeply guilty about not doing anything with enough food and drink, showing the humanitarian spirit of a conscientious feudal official. This poem was written in the second year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (807), when the poet was thirty-six years old. Zhouzhi county is located in the west of Xi City, Shaanxi Province. The county commandant is responsible for catching thieves and collecting taxes in the county. Because Bai Juyi is in charge of this matter; Therefore, he is also most aware of the disaster suffered by the working people in this respect: harvesting.
The whole poem is divided into four layers, the first layer is four sentences, explaining time and its environmental atmosphere. As the saying goes, "farmers have less leisure in January and people are twice as busy in May", and the following things will happen in May when people are twice as busy. These two sentences always affect the whole body, revealing the author's sympathy for the working people at the beginning; "At night, the south wind rises and the wheat is covered with yellow." There is a harvest scene, and the big picture is pleasing to the eye. But who can think of the sadness of farmers under this harvest scene?
Eight sentences on the second floor show this "busy" wheat harvest scene through specific families. Mother-in-law and daughter-in-law are carrying rice baskets, while little grandson is carrying a kettle. They are going to deliver meals to people who work in the fields. Men go to the fields before dawn; After getting up, women are busy with housework before cooking; The little grandson went to the fields with his grandma and mom when they were delivering food. They will work with the men after supper. Do you think this family is busy? "It was full of the heat of the country, and my back was burned by the sun. I don't know about heat, but I regret the long summer. " These four sentences describe the wheat harvest positively. Their faces face the earth and their backs face the blue sky. The bottom is steamed like a cage, and the top is roasted like fire. However, they waved their sickles with all their strength and cut them all the way forward. It seems that they have completely forgotten the heat, because this is "the tiger's mouth grabs the food", and time must be seized! Daughter-in-law: daughter-in-law and mother-in-law. In ancient times, the daughter-in-law was called mother-in-law and the father-in-law was called uncle. Lotus: shoulders; Food is packed in baskets, which means rice baskets. Pot pulp: the pot is filled with water, which means the kettle here. Tian: People at work deliver food. Ding Zhuang: Adult male labor force. Baking. Cherish: cherish. Reluctant to waste. The weather is so hot and the days are so long, but people work hard and are afraid of wasting a little time, which shows how much people cherish the wheat they are about to get. The word "pity" is well used here, which is a kind of writing that goes against human nature to highlight the emotional strength of people here and now. Bai Juyi's "Charcoal Man" has a saying that "poor clothes are simple, my heart is worried about charcoal, and my eyes are cold". The usage of the word "wish" is exactly the same as that of the word "cherish" here.
In three stories and eight sentences, the camera turned to a poor woman who was ruined by taxes. At present, she can only make a living by harvesting wheat ears, which is one level lower than the above-mentioned families who are busy harvesting wheat ears. Look at her image: a child in her left hand, a broken bamboo basket in her arms, and a fallen ear of wheat in her right hand. How tired you are, and how little you get! But what can we do? Now it's time to harvest the wheat, and there are still ears to pick. If you want to change, you must beg in the street. Last year and the year before last, her family also had land to plant and a family that Michael wanted to collect. It was only later that taxes were cornered and family property and land were changed, which led to this situation today. Bing: Here you are. Tian Jia: This refers to the property of a farmer. Lose: pay.
The fourth floor, six sentences, the poet feels guilty and ashamed of such a tragic scene under the bumper harvest. Things: engage in. Sui Yan: At the end of the year.
The title of the work is "Watching the Wheat Harvest", but what actually appears on the screen is a wheat harvester next to the wheat harvester, and the author's attention is just more focused on the latter. At present, they are rich and poor in different degrees, but their fate is closely related. Gleaner, who is sad and poor today, was a hard and busy reaper yesterday; I also know that today's hard-working wheat harvester will not be reduced to miserable and miserable wheat pickers tomorrow. As long as there are heavy taxes, the working people will never escape bankruptcy. Here, the author sharply criticized the tax system that harmed the people at that time and expressed deep sympathy for the suffering of the working people. Moreover, it is not general sympathy, but further putting yourself in, feeling that you are too different from the working people and feel guilty. Bai Juyi's poems at this time truly reflect the thoughts and feelings of the working people and breathe out their voices.
The basic feature of this poem is to describe the real life scene truthfully, without exaggeration. He chose the busy family and the bleak gleaning scene, which made them form a strong contrast. Although the former is bitter and tired, there is still hope for them for the time being. As for the latter, it is completely broken duckweed, which is in jeopardy. The scenes, atmosphere, image and psychology shown by the two lenses are very good.
At the end of the poem is a comment, which is the same as many satirical poems by Bai Juyi. The discussion of this poem does not directly point to the root of social diseases, but shows my guilt, which is also a vague criticism of the whole bureaucratic aristocratic society. Bai Juyi is a 300-stone county marshal. Shouldn't those big bureaucrats and big noble feel more guilty? The emperor is in charge of taxation, and Bai Juyi can't openly oppose it. He can only use this ending to achieve the purpose of irony.