Problem description:
Why is Tang poetry called the peak of poetry?
Analysis:
When it comes to the Tang Dynasty, we immediately think of Tang poetry. Tang poetry, the Mount Qomolangma in China, is unprecedented in the small-scale peasant society. Is an unattainable height. Tang poetry is the Yangtze River in China, and its vast river basin irrigates the land of the Chinese nation. According to statistics, there are more than 3,600 authors and more than 55,000 poems in the whole Tang Dynasty. Moreover, because the engraving printing technology in the Tang Dynasty was just invented, printing books is not an easy task. Who knows how many poems are lost! Wang Zhihuan, an important poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, has only six existing poems. Then, who can count the losses of the whole Tang poetry? The imperial examination was carried out in the Tang Dynasty, with particular emphasis on Jinshi. If you want to test poetry and fu, you will have a successful career if you do well in poetry. No scholar wants to try his hand on this stage. As far as the wind is concerned, people who have experienced some cultural accomplishments, such as monks, Taoists and * * *, dare to stand up and write a poem, and many even have a collection of poems.
Tang Dynasty is a typical poetic era, even in the political and philosophical fields, it is permeated with the fragrance of poetry. In the Tang Dynasty, there were not only many poets, but also a number of giants emerged, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Han Yu and Bai Juyi, which made future generations respect each other. "And I think the long river always rolls forward." After the song dynasty, the masters appeared one after another, either trying their best to jump into their own magnetic field but unable to start, or trying their best to jump out of their own magnetic field but unable to do anything.
Then, Wang Bo, one of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty, came over and sang loudly: "However, China has our friendship, and heaven is still our neighbor." . Look at this generosity! In ancient times when transportation and communication tools were underdeveloped, few people knew what the other side of the mountain looked like, and the horizons could not be close to each other. This person is full of self-confidence and believes that he can live freely, there will be no political earthquake, and there will be no external force to stop people's desire to meet, so that he can sing such lofty sentiments calmly.
So Chen Ziang came, standing on the platform of Youzhou like a giant, facing infinite time and infinite space, singing "Before me, where were those lost times?"? Behind me, where are the future generations? I thought of heaven and earth, there is no limit, there is no end, I am lonely, my tears fell down "like the explosion of spring thunder!" What a tragic song, like being freed from the depths of history, not only awakened the glorious Tang poetry through the ages, but also produced an aesthetic shock wave on the land of China until today!
So a group of magnificent frontier poets came. They were the guards of honor in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, showing the national prestige in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Wang Changling came and sang a March on the battlefield: "The snowy mountains in Yunnan are dark, and the lonely city looks at Yumenguan. Yellow sand wears a hundred battles in shining armor, and the loulan is not returned! " So Gao Shi came, and his eternal swan song "Ge Yanxing" came like the tide of Qiantang River: "The northeast border of China was dark and filled with smoke and dust. In order to repel the barbaric invaders, our generals left their homes. Stride forward together, it looks like a hero should watch, and received the most cordial favor of the emperor. " So Cen Can came, and the poet, eager to make contributions, sang with great pride: "I want to go to heaven on my westward journey, and I have seen the bright moon twice, so I don't know where to stay tonight. Pingsha Wan Li is uninhabited. " This group of frontier poets, whether praising the indomitable fighting spirit of defending the motherland in the war or telling the hardships and cruelty of the war, are so heroic and imposing, because they are poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the man of the hour in the poetic world in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and broke out a symphony of frontier fortress heroes that will always be shocking.
Finally, Li Bai came. He sang in the strongest voice of the times, "Didn't you see how the water of the Yellow River moved out of heaven and into the ocean, never to return?" This is the feeling that a giant can only find when he holds his head high, lifts the Yellow River with his eyes and plunges into the sea. It was this super giant who announced that "how can I bow and scrape to those who have high status and high positions, and they will never be seen with an honest face", which pushed the spirit of the prosperous Tang Dynasty to the highest peak that shines through the ages.
However, the heyday of the Tang and Five Dynasties finally produced the "Anshi Rebellion", which lasted for eight years and swept away the weather in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. So Du Fu came with a haggard look. Although this compassionate poet was 44 years old by the time the An Shi Rebellion broke out, he could not sing the idealism and romanticism in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In his hoarse voice, he sang "Although the country is broken, the mountains and rivers will last forever, and the vegetation will turn green in spring". This is a blood and tears in the middle Tang Dynasty, and it is also a sadness that witnessed the collapse of the weather in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
So Han Yu came. This poet with a strong personality wanted to call back the breath of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and regain his self-confidence, and started a strange poetry school. He shouted with a loud voice, using poetic language to shout out the eternal famous saying that "things are uneven." It shows the courage to climb a peak again with the intensity of the earthquake. So Bai Juyi came, and as soon as he appeared, he stubbornly sang the tenacity of "wildfire never quite consumes them, the spring breeze blows high". It shows that the Tang Dynasty is still a vibrant existence. He launched a massive new Yuefu movement, and his poetry style was unpretentious, which was on a par with Han Yu's extraordinary peaks and perilous peaks, making Tang poetry present another colorful new world.
However, after all, the Tang Dynasty embarked on an irreversible decline. Tang poetry also fell into the decline of the late Tang dynasty from the prosperity of the middle Tang dynasty. So Li Shangyin came. His eyes are dim, and he doesn't know where the wind comes from and where the road is going. His songs are sentimental and have the depth of the ancients. Looking at the fading dusk, he whispered: "With the shadow of dusk in my heart, I drove forward in Leyou tombs, and to see the sun, for all his glory was buried by the coming night." He is lamenting his dissatisfaction, but we can also see the end of the Tang Dynasty.
The brilliant Tang Dynasty in the history of China finally perished. Tang poetry also sang the final loss with a chilling voice. Standing on the ancient wall of Nanjing, Wei Zhuang sang, "Grass flies in the south of the Yangtze River, and birds crow like dreams in the Six Dynasties. The most ruthless thing is Taicheng Willow or Smoke Cage. " This is a mourning for the fall of the Six Dynasties and the end of the Tang and Five Dynasties, leaving a final sigh for the Tang poetry.
By the end of the Tang Dynasty, its influence had just begun. The quatrains, which were finalized in the Tang Dynasty, rose in the Tang Dynasty and have been in use for thousands of years. When modern people write old-style poems, it is a five-character poem, five-character poem, seven-character poem and seven-character poem. Probably few people think that this is a ready-made mold made by poets in the Tang Dynasty, which makes it so convenient for us to write poems. Most poets in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties were directly or indirectly influenced by the Tang Dynasty. Don't talk about individuals, just talk about a larger poetry school and a more influential poetry movement.
At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Quincy School specialized in learning from Li Shangyin, only seeking to write obscure poems, whether poetic or not. In the late Northern Dynasty, the Jiangxi School headed by Huang Tingjian rose, but it took Du Fu as its ancestor, paid attention to the use of allusions, and boasted that there were no words anywhere. The retro movement that arose in the middle and late Ming Dynasty even called for "poetry will flourish in the Tang Dynasty", but only required that the tone of poetry should be broad and loud, whether it was music or not! It was not until the Reform Movement in the late Qing Dynasty that the traditional poetry aesthetics began to be challenged. Kang Youwei shouted "There is almost no artistic conception, where there is roundness", and finally dared to stand on the commanding heights of the times overlooking the Tang poetry. Having said that, China's poetry finally jumped out of the magnetic field of Tang poetry, or after the rise of vernacular poetry in the May 4th period.