Four Du Fu quatrains
one
There are long bamboo shoots in the west of the hall that don't open the door, and peppers in the north return to the village.
Two orioles are singing on the green willow.
Shu Mei promised to have dinner with Zhu, and Kao Sung planned to talk about Ruan Sheng.
Secondly,
I want to be a floating cloud, and the cold rain in April is shocking.
There is a dragon cave in Qingxi first, and Zhushishan is afraid to be safe.
third
"Two orioles sing green willows, and egrets cover the sky."
My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to ships sailing eastward.
Fourth.
The medicine strips are moist green and too brown to enter the grass pavilion.
The seedlings are full of shame, and the roots dare not form.
translate
( 1)
The bamboo shoots on the west side of the hall grow luxuriantly, blocking the door, and the peppers planted in the north side grow luxuriantly in a row, separating the adjacent villages. Seeing that the plums in the garden are about to ripen, I invited Zhu Lao to taste new ones when the plums are ripe. Seeing the pine trees in front of the hall, I hope I can talk with Ruan Sheng about past lives in the shade of pine trees.
(2)
I wanted to build a fish beam, but suddenly dark clouds covered the rapids, and then I was surprised that the rain in April was so cold. Maybe there are dragons living in this Qingxi, and the bamboo stones used to build the embankment are piled up like mountains, so I dare not take any more risks.
(3)
Orioles call spring among the new green willow branches, and they are happy in pairs; Egrets line up to meet the spring breeze and fly to the sky. The queue is neat and beautiful. The snow peak of Xiling is embedded in the window frame like a beautiful painting; The ship in front of this door comes from Soochow thousands of miles away.
(4)
The branches and leaves of herbs grow green, and the green passes through the brown pavilion and enters the grass pavilion. I am ashamed of the reputation of "Miao Man Empty Mountain", but they are rooted in cracked soil and I am afraid they cannot be shaped.
Make an appreciative comment
( 1)
First, write about the thatched cottage, and cite four scenes: bamboo shoots in the west of the pond, northern peppers, plum blossoms in the garden, and seven-day pine trees. The poet is in this quiet environment far from downtown. Because I saw the ripe plums in the garden, I thought of waiting until the plums were ripe before inviting Zhu to taste the new ones. Seeing the pine trees in front of the hall, I hope I can talk with Ruan Sheng about past lives in the shade of pine trees. This shows the poet's love for the thatched cottage and his simple requirements for life. He has been to many places, and a place to live is enough. Obviously, although this poem belongs to Fu style, it is also more interesting. The poet's indifferent state of mind is contained in the plain narrative of scenery writing, which is the key to writing poetry. At this time, Du Fu returned to the thatched cottage because his friend Yanwu went to town again, which proved the important position of Yanwu in the poet's mind. But he thought that the guests in the thatched cottage were not Yanwu, but ordinary Zhu Lao and Ruan Sheng. This shows the poet's mood and interest at that time.
(2)
The second song is about Huanhuaxi, which shows that its water potential is huge, and it is lyrical to "want to be a fish beam", but it is not really "want to be a fish beam". Because "to be a fish beam, you have to chop bamboo and sink stones, and you have to cross the middle stream. You think that in areas where there are many fish, because there are dragons in the stream, it is fashionable to make love, and you dare not take risks and make profits." (Detailed Explanation of Du Fu's Poems, Volume XIII) In order to illustrate this point, Pu Yin Long's Reading Interpretation thinks that "it is a foolish job". He said: "it is important to know that the dream of the dragon was born only from the cold of the clouds, and it is worth the rain and the story is also established." That makes sense. However, Pu thinks that this poem is a bit far-fetched. In fact, this poem is not a "self-condition", but only reveals the poet's anxiety about whether he can settle down in the thatched cottage by the Xihua River. This is the real meaning of the word "dare not be safe". The poet felt that although he was indifferent in the thatched cottage and had nothing to look forward to, there was still danger. There is a grave dragon under the stream, which is a superstition in the poem. It is fashionable and rainy, but it is also very vivid. It can be vaguely seen that the poet paid attention to the situation in Chengdu when he lived in the thatched cottage. This is also the poet's psychological state of "running around for three years".
(3)
This group of poems begins with the spring scenery of the thatched cottage, and the artistic conception is Tao Ran; With the wandering of sight, the change of scenery and the appearance of river boats, his homesickness was touched, and the four sentences of scenery fully expressed the poet's complicated and meticulous inner ideological activities. This poem has two sticks, and its writing is exquisite, but it doesn't feel polished at all, and it is natural and smooth. Lead readers to introduce their philosophical interest in history and life from the immediate scenery to the distant space and a long time.
"Two orioles singing green willows, a line of egrets on the sky. The window contains autumn snow in Xiling, and the Wu Dong Wan Li boat stops at the door. " Orioles and green willows present a lively atmosphere, while egrets and blue sky give people a calm and comfortable feeling. The word "song" indicates the bird's complacency. The word "Shang" shows the leisure and elegance of egrets. The alternating colors of yellow, green, white and blue show the beauty of spring and convey the poet's cheerful and comfortable mood. This poem is colorful, artistic and neat. The word "containing" means that the poet is looking out of the window, and this scene seems to be a picture embedded in a window frame. These two sentences show the poet's ease and joy. "Xiling", that is, Minshan Mountain in southwest Chengdu, has snow all year round, so it is called "Thousand Autumn Snow". "Wu Dong", during the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan established his capital in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, with the name of Wu, also known as Wu. This refers to the Jiangnan area in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. "One thousand autumn snows" means a long time, and "Wan Li Boat" means a vast space. Poets in the thatched cottage, thinking for thousands of years, see through Wan Li, how broad-minded! These two sentences are also the crowning touch of the whole poem, with an open realm and lofty sentiments. It broadens the breadth in space and time, and makes the whole poem stand out at once. It is both deep and heavy, comfortable and open, which is really a famous sentence through the ages.
Su Shi once said: "The intangible painting of Shaoling calligraphy". This poem is like a colorful and vivid landscape banner: orioles, green willows, egrets, blue sky, rivers and snow-capped mountains, with elegant and harmonious colors and alternating images. In the center of the painting are several green weeping willows, and yellow is singing tactfully on the branches; The upper part of the painting is the blue sky, and a line of egrets is reflected in the blue sky; The mountains in the distance can be seen, and the peaks are still the same snow for many years; Half of the hut is exposed nearby, and there is a big river in front. Ships in the distance are moored on the water. In terms of color and lines, the author dyed two goose yellow dots in a piece of green and drew a white line obliquely in the green space. Point, line and surface are organically combined, and the color is bright and harmonious. Poets in the thatched cottage, thinking for thousands of years, see through Wan Li, magnanimous mind, sonorous voice. The whole poem is exquisite, colorful, dynamic and static, with both sound and shape. Every poem is a painting, and now it has formed a magnificent landscape painting in Wan Li.
(4)
The fourth poem is dedicated to the medicine garden. Wang Sishuang's "Du Yi" said: "The public is often sick, and when he comes, he will plant medicine, so there is a saying that' planting medicine to help the sick'." (Detailed Interpretation of Du Fu's Poems, Volume XIII). This edition is Yuan, and (Qiu) should be supported by other evidence. "The first two sentences write the scenery of the medicine garden, and the medicine is between the two pavilions, reflecting the green. Looking out the window, it is oily and happy. Although the last two sentences also describe the growth of drugs, they are related to the growth process of unearthed drugs, sprouting seedlings and branches in the first two sentences, describing the growth form of a drug root in the gap, showing the poet's understanding of the morphology of medicinal plants; However, giving money to buy medicine is similar to the indifferent meaning in the first chapter, but it is not an ordinary poem about objects, nor is it comparable to some works that enjoy flowers and play with the moon. Qiu Note: "Those whose seedlings are barren hills can't be known all over the world. Those who plant in this gap are afraid of being superficial and metaphysical. "Pu Qilong also said:" There are empty mountains and empty spaces, and there are lonely banks between hills. " Thus, although Du Fu returned to the thatched cottage because of Yanwu's return to his hometown, he was still worried about "unexpected events" and always linked himself with the fate of the country. After all, he is not the kind of person who forgets everything.
Brief introduction of the author
Du fu (7 12 ~ 770), with beautiful words, tried to call himself "Shaoling night old". Take Jinshi as an example. He used to be a foreign minister in the school department, so he was called Du Gongbu internationally. He is the greatest realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and is known as the "poet saint" after the Song Dynasty, and is also called "Du Li" with Li Bai. His poems boldly exposed the social contradictions at that time and expressed deep sympathy for the poor people. Many excellent works show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, which is called "the history of poetry". In art, he is good at using various forms of poetry, especially rhythmic poetry; Various styles, mainly depression; Refined language with high expressive force. There are more than 1400 poems, including Du Gongbu Collection.