Cooper's trip
Author: Du Fu
There stands an ancient cypress (1) next to the Great Prime Minister Temple. Its trunk is green and bronze, and its roots are stones (2).
After forty weeks of frost and rain, its emerald blue tip is two thousand feet (3) in the sky.
It can be traced back to the era of great rulers and great politicians, and their trees are now loved and respected by people.
Clouds come from Wuya far away, and the cold moon reflects the snow peak.
Yesterday in the east of Siting, I found ancient rulers and wise politicians worshiping in a temple.
His trees, strange branches, aging the whole landscape, despite the fresh colors of windows and doors.
The deep root is so firm, so firm in the ground that its tall branches can bear the weight of the strong wind.
Its only protection is the cause of the chemical industry.
When beams are needed to repair a big house, although cows shake their heads, they can't move a mountain.
Although trees don't write memorials, people understand [13]. If you don't stop cutting, who can send them [14]?
Its bitter heart may now be occupied by black ants and white ants, but its scented leaves used to be the nests of phoenixes and pheasants.
Let wise and hopeful people not complain: the bigger the wood, the harder it is to use.
To annotate ...
(1) Wuhou Temple in Chengdu is attached to the ancestral hall, while Kongming Temple in Kuizhou is separate from the ancestral hall. This is Kongming Temple in Kuizhou.
This sentence is written by Cooper. Branch, intelligence branch.
(3) It is exaggerated to write that cypress trees are tall. Frost skin, a kind of pale skin, describes the pallor of skin color. Slipping in the rain describes smooth skin. About forty, forty people hug.
(4) These two sentences are interspersed. Ruoyun Zhang said: "Only when Kong Ming made up the floor in northern Germany before he died can there be an explanation." It means that cypress trees grow so tall because Liu Bei and Kong Ming, the monarch and his subjects have made contributions to the people, but the people don't cut them down. The height of cypress trees shows Kong Ming's legacy. International conferences, still.
5] Add three or four sentences after these two sentences to describe the height of cypress. Zhao Cigong said: "Martial arts are under the true talents (according to the local saying), and the clouds of martial arts come, and Bai Qi will meet; The snow-capped mountains are in the west of Quebec, and the moon of the snow-capped mountains rises, and the cold and cypress are connected, all of which are said to be high. "Liu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, thinks that there is something before and there is something after (Qiu reversed these four sentences on the basis of Liu), which is too subjective and bold. Because of this, it looks more fluent, but the article looks mediocre and has no momentum, so Huang Sheng dismisses it as "children's opinion". "-the above is the first paragraph, which is the text of Cooper's poem.
[6] The last four sentences are not mentioned for the time being, accompanied by Chengdu Cooper. Du Fu only left Chengdu last year, so he recalled yesterday. Du Fu's Chengdu Caotang is near Jinjiang ("Du Fu" poem: "Build a house by the golden water." ), there is a pavilion in the thatched cottage (the poem "Send a message to the thatched cottage outside the river") says: "The pavilions compete with each other and open when they are bright." ), so the golden elephant (Wu Yan has a poem entitled "Toure Jin Jiang Yeting"). Wuhou Temple is in the east of Pavilion, so the road goes around the east of Pavilion. Pavilion, a city, no.
(7) ancestor: Liu Bei. A temple is a temple.
Autumn note: "the suburbs are ancient, and there are ancient reasons. Lu Wei is empty. " Gentle and graceful, deep face.
(9) Farr: Independence is incompatible.
⑽ The following four sentences belong to Kuizhou Cooper. In other words, Kuizhou Miaobai was born in the mountains and suffered from strong winds, which is not as good as Chengdu Miaobai was born in the plains. Fall, out of the group. Born in front of the Kongming Temple, some people cherish it, so they get the land, but the trees are high and windy, and they are on high mountains, so they are often shaken by strong winds. Somehow, the color of the sky.
⑾ seems to be blessed by the gods, so it is called the power of the gods. Parker's integrity. This is natural, so this day is very important. Because of integrity, it is supported by the gods. Although the two sentences are correct, the meaning is the same. -The above is the second paragraph. From the height of Cooper, further write Cooper's integrity.
⑿ This is put down again, and it is difficult to explain with Cooper's efforts that great talents are hard to use in the world. Wen Zhongzi: "The inclination of the building is not entrusted by a book." Cooper is as heavy as a hill, and ten thousand cows can't be dragged.
[13] Don't leak the article: It means that Cooper is not as beautiful as flowers and leaves.
[14] There is Du Fu's own shadow in these two sentences. Cooper doesn't know how to show off, so he says he won't show the article. Cooper could have been a pillar, so he didn't give up cutting. As for Du Fu, he is not afraid of sacrifice, which is exactly the same as "I can give up my heart to comfort loneliness" and "I dare to love death when I need it, and I dare to love death when I am lonely and frightened". Send, on the wood, is to turn: on people, it is to walk or recommend.
⒂ cypress tastes bitter, so it takes great pains. Cypress leaves are fragrant, so they are called fragrant leaves. These two sentences also contain a sense of life experience.
[14] spit out the original intention in two sentences, but the word "sophomore in materials" still includes gibbon. In feudal society, a person who really wanted to do something for the people of the country was unpopular with the rulers. In ancient times, not only today, but also since ancient times. -The above is the third paragraph. Huang: "In a building, words are in the mouth, but people are in the meaning. In the end, the characters are puns, so save the pen. " Yang Lunyun: "Behind the building, I was deeply nailed to it, which was extremely depressing."
Rhyme translation
There is an ancient cypress in front of Kongming Temple, with branches like bronze and roots like rocks. The bark is white and smooth, the trunk has forty circles, and the blue-black sky stands 2,000 feet. Liu Bei, Kong Ming and Jun Chen met with the past, and these trees are still cherished by people. The cypress towering clouds floated to Wuxia, and the cold light shone on the moon, and the air conditioning went straight into Minshan. I used to think that the path surrounded the east of my thatched cottage, and Mr. Temple and Wuhou Temple were in the same temple. Cui Wei suburb, a branch of cypress, was originally overgrown with weeds, with deep temples and painted with continuous doors and windows. Although Cooper is independent and entrenched in the ground, his position is high and aloof, which will inevitably attract more winds. Its support is naturally the power of the gods, and its integrity is due to the work of the creator. If the building falls down, it needs the support of Liang Dong, and Cooper is as heavy as a hill, so it is difficult to pull it. It shocked the world because it didn't show patterns and colors. If it is too lazy to cut, who can pick it up? Although painstaking, it is inevitably eroded by ants. The fragrance of leaves once attracted lovers. Friends with lofty ideals in the world please don't complain. Since ancient times, people who are overqualified have always been seldom reused.
Comment and analysis
This poem was probably written in 766 A.D. (the first year of Dali) and was written at the same time as the Ten Poems of Kuizhou Song. It was sung by Cooper, and the original intention was in the last paragraph. There are many antithetical sentences in this poem, with eight sentences in each rhyme, and the format is very similar to "Washing a Horse".
This poem is bi xing style. The poet praised Cooper, who stood upright and was as cold as ice, called Kong Ming, brilliant and loyal. Praise Cooper every word, praise Wuhou by voice. Writing Cooper is a way to promote the meeting between the monarch and the minister, and it is a lonely and lofty symbol of loyalty to the marquis of Wu.
The first six sentences of the poem are the first paragraph, praising Cooper's rise and meeting the monarch and the minister. Ten sentences in Yunlai are the second paragraph, from Kuizhou Cooper to Chengdu Ancient Temple. Among them, there are two sentences in Rollo about trees, people and people. The eighth sentence of Mansion is the third paragraph, which is deeply impressed by things and people. The last sentence is a pun, expressing the poet's resentment and feeling that he is too incompetent to use it. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
Cooper's trip described an old cypress tree. In the poem, it says, "It rains forty times in first frost, and the top of its king's fish is two thousand feet in the sky." Shen Kuo, a scientist in Song Dynasty, criticized these two poems in On Meng Xi. He used mathematical concepts to understand these two poems, saying that this Cooper is too slender. But Du Fu's original intention is only to describe the height of the tree, and he can't use mathematical accuracy. We read these two poems against our will, knowing that this is exaggeration, and we will never calculate the volume ratio of this tree.
Brief introduction of the author
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, was named Ye Lao of Shaoling, alias: Ye Lao of Ling Du, Buyi nationality of Ling Du, Han nationality, originally from Xiangyang, Xiangzhou (now Xiangyang, Hubei), and generally thought to have been born in Gongxian (now Gongyi, Henan). A great realistic poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Representative works include Three Officials (Xin 'an Official, Shi Haoguan, Tongguan Official) and Three Farewells (Newly Married, Resigned, Homeless). Du Zhisun, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. He wrote more than 1500 poems in his life, and his poetic skills were exquisite, so he was called "poet saint" by later gods.
Du Fu was a great realistic poet and world cultural celebrity in Tang Dynasty. Experienced the process from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu and Li Bai are both called "Du Li". In order to distinguish it from the other two poets and "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Big Du Li" and Du Fu is often called "Old Du". Du Fu and Du Mu are distant relatives, both descendants of Du Yu, the general who destroyed Sun Wu in Jin Dynasty (Du Fu was Du Yu's twentieth grandson). Du Fu's middle-aged poems are called "the history of poetry" because of his gloomy poetic style and feelings of worrying about the country and the people. Although Du Fu was not known to the world at that time, his works had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature through the research of later generations. About 65,438+0,500 of his poems have been preserved, and his collection is Du Gongbu. His influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "epics". For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。 ()
Du Fu's poems are good at classical style and rhythmic poetry, and have various styles. He accurately summed up his work style with the words "depressed and frustrated", mainly focusing on depression. Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty, and his poems mostly involved social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings. His poems reflect the social contradictions and people's sufferings at that time, so they are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu is concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. Du Fu wrote more than 1500 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been handed down from generation to generation, such as Three Officials, Three Farewells and Du Gongbu Collection. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. Du Fu's poems were the most widely circulated in the Tang Dynasty, and he was one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty, which had a far-reaching influence on later generations.
Jin Shengtan, a literary critic in the early Qing Dynasty, called Du Fu's poems, Li Sao, Zhuangzi in Zhuang Zhou, Historical Records, The Water Margin in Shi Naian and The West Chamber in Wang Shifu "the book of six talents". In contemporary times, Du Fu's loyalty to the country and concern for the people are reinterpreted as nationalism and socialism, and he himself is appreciated by modern researchers for using the "people's language".
Du Fu is famous not only in China, but also overseas. 148 1 year, South Korea translated Du Fu's poems into Korean, which is called Interpretation of Du Fu's Poems and Proverbs. His influence on Japanese literature was relatively late. Until17th century, his reputation in Japan was the same as that in China. Du Fu's influence on Matsuo Bashō is particularly profound. Du Fu is also the favorite writer of American writer Kenneth Rexroth.
Contrast between English and Chinese
An old cypress song
Du Fu
There is an ancient cypress next to the old gentleman temple in Taishang, with bronze trunk and stony roots.
The circumference of its white bark will reach forty people, and the blue top of its cuiyu is a paradise of 2,000 feet.
Since the era of a great ruler and great politician, their trees are now loved and respected by the people.
Clouds come from afar, from Wuya, and the snow peaks are reflected in the cold moon.
Yesterday I found in the east of Siting that ancient rulers and wise politicians were worshipping in a temple.
His trees and strange branches make the whole landscape old, although the colors of windows and doors are fresh.
The deep roots are so firmly rooted in the ground that its lonely branches can withstand the weight of the wind.
Its only protection is divine power, and its only patience is the art of the creator.
When beams are needed to repair a big house, although cows shake their heads, they can't move a mountain.
Although a tree doesn't write a memorial, people understand that it can't be used unless they cut it down?
Its bitter heart may now be occupied by black ants and white ants, but its scented leaves used to be the nests of phoenixes and pheasants.
Let smart and hopeful people not complain. The bigger the wood, the harder it is to use.
An old cypress song
Du Fu
There stands a Cooper next to the Great Prime Minister Temple.
A green bronze trunk and a stone.
The circumference of its white bark will reach forty people.
The blue tip of its kingfisher is at an altitude of 2,000 feet.
From the era of a great ruler and a great politician,
Their trees are now loved and respected by people.
Clouds come from afar, from the cliffs of Wu,
Leng Yue is shining on the snowy peak.
... I found it in the east of the Silk Museum yesterday.
Ancient rulers and wise politicians all worshipped in a temple.
Whose trees and strange branches make the whole landscape old.
Although the windows and doors are bright colors.
Deep roots are so strong, so rooted in the ground,
Its lonely and tall branches can withstand the weight of the wind,
Its only power to protect the gods,
Its only endurance is the art of its creator.
An ox can shake its head, but it can't move mountains.
... when beams are needed to repair a big house,
Although trees do not write memorials, people understand.
Unless they think they can use it. ....
Its bitter heart may now be occupied by black and white ants,
But its scented leaves used to be the nest of phoenix and pheasant.
... let wise and hopeful people not be dissatisfied.
The bigger the wood, the harder it is to use.