Jinse
The Jinse has fifty strings for no reason, each string and one column is reminiscent of the Chinese years⑴.
Zhuang Sheng dreamed of butterflies⑵, and looked forward to the Emperor's spring heart entrusted to the cuckoo⑶.
The bright moon in the sea has tears⑷, and the sun in Lantian is warm and the jade produces smoke⑸.
This feeling can be recalled later, but it was already at a loss. [1] [Edit this paragraph] Notes on the translation
⑴Two sentences in the first couplet: "Zhou Li·Musical Instrument Picture": "Yase has twenty-three strings, chants twenty-five strings, and is decorated with precious jade The one with the painting is called Jinse. "Hanshu 6.1 Suburban Sacrifice Chronicles" says: "The Emperor of Qin asked the plain girl to play the fifty-stringed harp, which was saddened by the emperor's ban, so he broke the harp." Twenty-five strings. "Gusers vary in size and have different numbers of strings. Yishan's poem "Huizhong Peony was defeated by the rain" has the poem "The Jinse shakes the strings and breaks the dream"; the poem "On the night of July 28th, Wang and Zheng Erxiucai listened to the rain and dreamed after it" has the poem "The rain hits Xiangling fifty years ago". string". Unprovoked: without reason, without reason. There is a faint feeling of sadness here, which is the emotional tone of the whole poem. Most of those who interpreted Yishan's poems in the past dynasties wrote this poem in their later years. Shang Yin was less than fifty years old, so he used "fifty strings" as a metaphor for his life, triggering the following thoughts of "one string and one pillar".
⑵Zhuang Sheng's sentence: "Zhuangzi: Equality of Things": "Zhuang Zhou dreamed of a butterfly, a lifelike butterfly; self-explanation is suitable for his will! I don't know the Zhou. Suddenly I feel it, and it is like a Zhou. I don't know. "Zhou's dream is a butterfly?" Shang Yin quoted Zhuang Zhou's story about a butterfly, saying that life is like a dream and the past is like smoke.
The beautiful woman's brocade and the complex music awakened the poet from his dream, and he no longer fell asleep. It vaguely contains a beautiful situation, but it is also an illusory dream. There is also the melancholy and confusion that life is like a dream.
⑶The sentence of Wang Di: "Huayang Guozhi·Shu Zhi": "Du Yu proclaimed himself emperor, and his name was Wang Di. ... His ministers were enlightened and cut off Yulei Mountain to eliminate water damage, so the emperor entrusted him with political affairs. , the meaning of Zen taught by Yao and Shun, Sui Zen is located in Kaiming. It is the second month of the year, and the cuckoo bird is singing, so the people of Shu are sad for the cuckoo bird singing. Cai Mengbi's Notes on Poetry in the Thatched Cottage of Du Gongbu's Cottage No. 19 "Cuckoo" Poetry Annotation quotes "Chengdu Chronicles": "When the emperor dies, his soul turns into a bird, and its name is cuckoo, also called Zigui."
⑷ Verses from the sea: "Natural History": "There are sharks in the South China Sea. They live in the water like fish. They do not waste their weaving, and their eyes can produce pearls when weeping." "New Book of Tang Biography of Di Renjie": "Renjie cited the Ming Sutra. He was transferred to Bianzhou to join the army, and he was falsely accused by officials and deposed. Yan Liben was as good as the news. Sentence: "Yuanhe County Chronicle": "Lantian County, Jingzhao Prefecture, Guannai Road: Lantian Mountain, also known as Yushan, is twenty-eight miles east of the county." "Selected Works" Lu Ji's "Wen Fu": "The stone is full of jade and the mountain is brilliant, "The water carries pearls and the river is beautiful." Volume 18 of "Kunxue Jiwen": Sikong Biao Shengyun said: "Dai Rongzhou said that the scenery of the poet is like the warm sun in the blue field and the smoke in the good jade. It can be expected but not placed in front of the eyebrows. Li Yishan's sentence "Yu Shengyan" is based on this. "
⑹ Two sentences at the end: the whole article is tied together, and the word "this love" is clearly mentioned, which echoes the "Hua Nian" at the beginning. The poem says: With such feelings, how can I feel endless regret when I recall it today? Even at that time, it was already overwhelming and melancholy. So what should I do if I recall it now and feel regret! The poet used these two lines to express several twists and turns, and the twists and turns were just to illustrate the painful and painful mood.
Poetry translation
Jinse, why do you have fifty strings?
Each string and every section makes people nostalgic for the golden years.
My heart is like Zhuangzi, confused by the butterfly's dawn dream;
It is also like the emperor turning into a cuckoo, expressing the sorrow of spring
The bright moon is shining in the sky, and the sharks are weeping Tears turn into beads
The red sun in Lantian is warm, and you can see smoke rising from good jade.
How can we recall the joys and sorrows today?
But back then, we were careless and at a loss. [Edit this paragraph] Appreciation of Works This "Jin Se" is Li Shangyin's representative work. Everyone who loves poetry enjoys singing it, and it is the most famous. However, it is also the most difficult poem to explain. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there have been many speculations and no consensus.
The title of the poem "Jinse" uses the first two words of the sentence. In the old theory, it was originally believed that this poem was a poem about things, but recent commentators seem to maintain that this poem has nothing to do with the poem, and is actually an "untitled" work that uses the poem to hide the theme. Scholar Zhou Ruchang believes that it is indeed different from ordinary chants about objects, but it is also not an untitled poem that simply "cuts off the first two characters" to create a metaphor without any negotiation with the literal words. The love story it writes is clearly related to Se.
Many commentators have misunderstood the two sentences in the couplet, thinking that this can be used to determine that the poet was "in his fifties" or "nearly fifty" when this piece was written, so So much. Not really. "Unprovoked" means "without any reason" or "for no reason". This is the poet's foolish words. There are so many strings in Jinse, and there is nothing "wrong" or "fault" in this. However, the poet insisted on complaining about it: Jinse, why do you have so many strings? In fact, there is no need to "examine" how many strings the harp originally had, and how many strings it actually had in Li Shangyin's time. The poet just used it to express his ideas. According to records, the ancient zither has fifty strings, so when writing zither in Yuxi, the number "fifty" is often used, such as "the rain hits Xiangling fifty strings", "because of the order of fifty strings, the middle way divides the palace", which can be proved. , the poet had no special intention here.
The key to "thinking about the Chinese years with one string and one pillar" lies in the word "Hua Nian". One string and one column are like one note and one verse. The zither has fifty strings, and the syllables are the most abundant. The complex sounds and rhythms often make the listener difficult to remember. The poet never meant for people to dig out "numbers". He said: Listening to the complicated strings of the brocade harp, thinking about the past of the Chinese years; the sounds are complicated and the thoughts are chaotic, and it is difficult to express the regret. The fifty strings set up are just to "create the atmosphere" to see the thousands of past events and the nine tunes of emotions. If you want to appreciate Yuxi's poem, you should first understand its purpose. You should not stick to the pillars and play the harp instead. He Zhu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said: "Who can spend the golden years in the golden age?" ("The Sapphire Case") Yuan Haowen, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, said: "The beautiful lady hates the golden years in the golden years!"
("On Poetry III") "Ten Poems") Hua Nian is the so-called beautiful youth in today's language. The most important "main focus" of this poem in Yuxi is the grand scene of the Chinese New Year, so the idea of ??recalling the "forty-nine years" after "the fiftieth year" is really just a roundabout way of thinking.
The intention of Qi Lian is clear, let’s see how he takes over the following.
The first sentence of the couplet uses an allusion from "Zhuangzi", which tells the story of Zhuangzhou dreaming that he turned into a butterfly and flew vividly, forgetting that he was "Zhuangzhou". ; Later when I woke up from the dream, I was still Zhuang Zhou, and I didn’t know where the butterfly had gone. This sentence from Yuxi is written: The beautiful lady Jinse, a complex string music, awakened the poet from his dream, and he no longer fell asleep. Mi contains the meanings of getting lost, leaving, and not arriving. Let's take a look at what he said in "Evening Thoughts on an Autumn Day": "Watch the butterflies in Hanzhuang and leave." To leave means to leave and pass away, which is what he calls the lost. Although "Dawn Dream Butterfly" originated from Zhuang Sheng, once it was used by Yuxi, it was no longer just a "lifelike" problem. It vaguely contained beautiful scenes, but it was also an illusory dream. The Wangdi in the second sentence of this couplet is the legendary monarch of Shu in the late Zhou Dynasty, named Du Yu. Later, the Zen position retired. Unfortunately, the country was destroyed and the body died. After death, the soul turned into a bird. In late spring, it cried bitterly, and the mouth bleeds. The sound was sad and sad, touching the heart, and was named cuckoo. Du Yu's cry of spring, what does this have to do with Jinse? It turns out that the brocade strings and mournful music arouse the poet's infinite sadness and unspeakable resentment, just like hearing the sad sound of the cuckoo sending spring home. The word "tuo" not only describes Du Yu's entrustment of spring to the cuckoo, but also describes the beauty's entrustment of spring to the brocade. While waving his hands and looking away, the interest of flowers falling and flowing water, and the poet's wonderful feelings in his writing, have reached a level here. climax.
It seems that Yuxi's "Spring Heart Entrusts the Cuckoo" uses the wronged bird to express resentment, and "The Beautiful Lady's Jinse Resenting the Chinese Years" uses the word "resentment", which is exactly true. The title of Yuxi chants Jinse, which is different from ordinary leisurely emotions. There is a strange feeling and deep hatred in it.
As soon as the rhythmic poem passes through the couplet, after "starting" and "carrying", it is time to "turn" the pen. At this point, the previous text has probably reached a small pause, which seems to be a knot but not a knot. , the meaning is yet to be applied. Below this, I clicked the pen and dropped the ink, as if it was "starting" again. The writing style may be like a strange peak protruding, or like a lotus root with broken threads, or the pen is pushed and spread, or it may be bright and slow, or dark and tight. The techniques may vary, but the spiritual context has twists and turns but remains focused. On this occasion, Yuxi wrote the famous saying "The moon in the sea has tears".
Pearls are born from clams, and clams live in the sea. Whenever the moon is bright and the night is quiet, the clam opens its mouth to the moon to nourish its pearls. When the pearls get the moonlight, they begin to shine brightly. This is a beautiful folk tradition. The moon is a pearl in the sky, and the pearls are like the bright moon in the water; tears are symbolized by pearls, which has been the case since ancient times. When a shark weeps, each pearl turns into a pearl, which is also a strange scene in the sea. In this way, the bright moon sets in the vast sea, and the bright pearl bathes in the boundary of tears. The moon, the pearl, and the tears, three yeses and one yes? One into three? Three equals one? In the poet's writing, a wonderful realm that is difficult to distinguish has been formed. Among the poems of the Tang Dynasty, there are not many poems in Sheyuxi that have such rich connotations and wonderful associations.
So, is there any connection between Haiyue, Teardrops and Jinse that we can explore? Didn't Qian Qi's famous line of chanting Se say long ago, "Twenty-five strings play the moon at night, and all the grievances fly away"? Therefore, on a moonlit night, the grievances are particularly deep. In this way, isn't it possible to spy on the connection between the vast ocean and the moonlight realm and Se?
For the poet Yuxi, the state of the moonlight in the vast sea has special and deep feelings. Once, because of his illness, he was unable to attend the "Le Ying Zhi Jiu" meeting with He Donggong, so he wrote the sentence "Only the moon in the sea, the high pressure of the clouds in Chicheng". From this point of view, he admired this scene very much for its high openness and purity, and on the other hand he was very sentimental for its desolation and loneliness: a complex and unspeakable feeling of melancholy that could not be expressed in words.
Sikong Tu, a poet of the late Tang Dynasty, quoted a passage from Dai Shulun, who preceded him: "Poet's beautiful scenery, such as the warm sun in Lantian and the smoke of good jade, can be expected but not placed in front of the eyebrows." Here. The eight characters used in the metaphor are exactly the same as the seven characters in the next sentence of the poem's neck couplet, which shows that this metaphor has another origin. Unfortunately, the ancient books were lost and it is difficult to find the source again. Today’s interpretation of this sentence has no other reference. It is difficult to say whether it is appropriate to use Dai’s words as an explanation. Lu Ji, a writer of the Jin Dynasty, has a famous sentence in his "Wen Fu": "The mountains are brilliant with stones and jade, and the rivers are beautiful with pearls in the water." Lantian, the name of the mountain, is a famous jade-producing place in the southeast of Lantian, Shaanxi today. This mountain is illuminated by the sun, and the jade energy contained in it (the ancients believed that treasures have a kind of light energy that cannot be seen with ordinary eyesight) is slowly rising up. However, the essence of the beautiful jade appears to be there from a distance, but not up close, so it can be seen It is impossible to look forward to it - this represents an extremely beautiful ideal scenery, but it cannot be grasped and cannot be approached.
Here in Yuxi, it is under the inspiration and association of "the glory of Yunyu Mountain, the beauty of pearls and rivers" that the warm sun in Lantian is used to contrast with the bright moon in the sea in the previous sentence, creating an unusually sharp and strong contrast. Literally speaking, Lantian is also very neat to Canghai, because the original meaning of the character Cang is cyan. Yuxi's exquisite vocabulary can also show his talent and workmanship.
What the two sentences of the neck couplet express are yin and yang, cold and warm, beautiful jade and pearls. Although the realms are different, the sadness and hatred are the same. The poet loves and perseveres this noble feeling, but he dare not blaspheme or lament.
The last couplet ties up the whole article, clearly mentioning the word "this feeling", which echoes the "Hua Nian" at the beginning, and the writing style does not escape. The poem says: With such feelings, how can I wait to recall today and feel endless regret? Even at that time, it was already so disappointing - the saying "how to wait for recall" means exactly this: Then recalling today, it is regretful. , so what! The poet expresses several twists and turns in two sentences, and the twists and turns are just to illustrate the painful and painful mood. This is why poetry is a poet, and this is especially why Yuxi poetry is a Yuxi poet.
Yuxi’s life experience is filled with unspeakable pain and extreme suffering, which are all depressed and turned into poems. The deep sadness lingers back and forth, deeply infecting others. One of his farewell poems said: "The letter is full of emotions, and Yang Zhu is sentimental after death; when the string is in danger, the wife's zither is in danger, and when the armor is cold, she misses her husband's zither!" The zither is often composed of music, often related to the deep affection and bitterness of life and death. One can imagine. Based on this, if it is said that there is hatred of separation between life and death in Jinse's poems, I am afraid that it cannot be said to be entirely conjecture. [2] [Edit this paragraph] Various interpretations: There have always been different interpretations of this poem, and there is no consensus. Some may think it is a mourning work, some may think it is a patriotic piece, some may think it is a self-comparison of literary talents, or some may think it is an expression of longing for the servant Jinse. But most people think that mourning the dead is the most important thing. Some people think that the beginning of the poem is fifty-fifty and half is twenty-five, implying that the late wife was twenty-five years old. This is a bit far-fetched. However, it is true that the first couplet mourns the premature death. The couplet depicts Zhuangzi's deceased wife singing on the drum and expecting the emperor to transform into Zigui and crying for blood, which indirectly describes the joys and sorrows of life. The neck couplet uses the allusions of a shark weeping for pearls and a good jade producing smoke, which vaguely depicts the world's confusing and trance-like atmosphere, which is elusive but unattainable. Finally, it expresses the careless love during life, and recalls the confused and difficult-to-dissolve emotions after death.
Song Dynasty Liu Zong's "Gongfu Poetry Talk" says: "No one knows the meaning of the poem "Jin Se", or it may be said that it is the Qingyi of the Chu family of Linghu." The first volume of "Tiaoxi Yuyincong Talk" Volume 22 quotes Huang Chaoying's "Xiansu Miscellaneous Notes" as saying: "Yishan's poem "Jinse" says... The Taoist in the valley read this poem, but he didn't understand its meaning, and later asked Dongpo. Dongpo said: 'This comes from "Ancient and Modern Music Records" says: The Jinse is an instrument, its strings are fifty, its pillars are like it. Its sound is also suitable, resentful, clear and harmonious. "An Li Shi" Zhuang Sheng..." It is suitable; "Wang Di..." means resentment; "Canghai..." means Qing Dynasty; "Lantian..." means harmony. The song is full of meaning. It is believed to be magnificent and ancient. " Yuan Haowen's "On Poetry Quatrains" says: "Looking at the emperor's spring heart, he cares for the cuckoo, and the beautiful lady complains about the beautiful years. Poets always love Xikun, but hate that no one writes Zheng Jian"; the above chant "Qingyi" (passionate love) said This is the opinion of a novelist; the theory of chanting Jinse is quite popular among people in the Song Dynasty. Hu Yinglin, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty, doubted both of these theories. Later, there were many theories, including "self-harming life" (He Zhuo, Wang Shihan, Xue Xue, Song Xiangfeng of the Qing Dynasty) and "mourning for death" (Zhu Heling, Zhu Yizun, He Zhuo, Feng Hao, Cheng Mengxing, Yao Peiqian, recent friends Zhang Caitian, etc. of the Qing Dynasty). Meng Sen, etc.) said, "political sustenance" (Du Zhao of Qing Dynasty, recent people Zhang Caitian, Cen Zhongmian, etc.) said, "Poetry Preface" (Qing Dynasty He Zhuo, Wang Yingkui, etc.) said, "Political sustenance is unknown" (Qing Qu Fu, recent people Liang Qichao, etc.) ) theory, "self-residential creation" (Qian Zhongshu) theory, etc. Among them, there are many people who believe in "mourning" or "self-injury". However, "mourning" is actually one of the connotations of "self-injury", so the theory of "self-injury" seems more reasonable. I quote Liu and Yu's "Ji Jie" for reference: "The theory of self-injury is more practical and reasonable. ... The first couplet states that when I see this fifty-stringed brocade harp and hear the sad sound produced by its strings, I can't help but Regretfully recalling the past events of one's Chinese years...the two couplets of "Thinking of the Chinese years" are used to describe the past events of the Chinese years..."Zhuang Sheng"'s sentence series sounds like a dream, which is like an illusion. The meaning of "confused" is the word "dream", "mi", and this state also symbolizes the poet's life experience, which is like a dream and a dream, as if confused... The sentence "Wang Di" is about the sadness and sorrow of the harp, like crying. The cuckoo cries for blood, the meaning of which is the word "春心" (春心), which refers to the yearning and pursuit of love, and is often used as a metaphor to refer to the pursuit of ideals. Sadness, concern for the country, and sentimentality about one's life are all expressed in sad and desolate poems, such as Wang Di's transformation into a cuckoo to express his sorrow. The cuckoo is the soul of the poem. ...It has the meaning of a pearl in the ocean...The sentence "Lantian" seems to be about the ethereal and hazy sound of the harp...or it can be used as a metaphor for the pursuit of oneself, if there is one, but if it is close, there is none. The two couplets on the jaw and abdomen do not describe the past events of his youth in detail, but use the psychedelic, sad, lonely, and ethereal sound of the whistle to summarize the various life experiences, realms, and feelings he experienced during his youth... at the end. The meaning of the couplet is clear... It means that the above-mentioned frustration and sorrow cannot be regretted until we recall it today. Even at that time, it was as if it had been lost.
”
The interpretation of this poem is mainly divided into two categories:
The first is that it is a poem in mourning for his wife Wang, with the first couplet being “Scenery”. When a plain girl plays the 50-stringed harp, the scenery is aroused; the second couplet is a metaphor, borrowing Zhuang Zhou's transformation of butterflies, and the cuckoo's cry of blood to compare the death of his wife; the third couplet is "illusion", with pearls weeping for it, and jade being sad for it; The last couplet is "feeling", the love has passed, and the memory is also lost!
The second is that this is the poet's recollection of the past years, and the first couplet is "qi", which uses the metaphor of fifty strings to metaphorize life! Fifty years of life; the second couplet is "inheritance", and life will come to an end without realizing it; the third couplet is "turn", using bright jewels and jade as a metaphor for one's talents; the last couplet is "he", time is urging people to grow old, everything It’s all a loss!