Which dynasty did Jian 'an literature belong to?
Han xiandi Jian' an era
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a large number of writers, such as Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi, Cai Wenji, Han Danchun, etc. With their frankness, they expressed their ambition to make contributions and set off the first literary creation climax in the history of China's poetry. Because it was the Jian 'an era of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, it was later called Jian 'an literature.
Jian 'an is the title of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty. Jian 'an literature, which is usually referred to in the history of literature, refers to the literature from the years before Jian 'an to the last year of Wei Mingdi (239). In fact, it is the literature under the rule of Cao Shi forces, and its creation is mainly in the Jian 'an period. Representative writers mainly include Cao Zhi's father and son (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi), seven sons of Jian 'an (Kong Rong, Chen Lin, RoyceWong, Xu Gan, Ruan Yu, Angelababy, Serina Liu) and Cai Yan.
About Jian 'an Literature:
Jian 'an literature refers to the literature from Jian 'an in the late Han Dynasty to the last forty-three years of Cao Wei's rule (196-239). During this period, people's awakening and the conscious development of literature appeared. Both of them never appeared in the same era before Jian 'an literature era, so from these two perspectives, Jian 'an literature era is the first conscious era of literature. During this period: militarily, the Yellow Scarf Army revolted constantly, which destroyed the rule of the Eastern Han Dynasty and hit the strength of the big landlords. Powerful warlords took advantage of the situation, split one side, and carried out a cruel merger war to expand their own strength, which led to the loss of life.
Society has suffered unprecedented destruction, turbulence and people's misery. Politically, eunuchs seized power, consorts ran rampant, and powerful warlords successively usurped the throne and became princes until Cao Cao unified the north, calling himself Gong Wei Wang Wei, actually usurping the Han Dynasty to establish Wei State, forming a tripartite confrontation with Shu and Wu, and the three countries fought for reunification. From Jian 'an period to the early Three Kingdoms period, Cao Wei regime has been in a dominant position in politics and is the political center of the north. Culturally, Cao Cao came from a humble background and didn't like the Confucian hierarchy. He strongly advocated the cultural policy of "appointing people on merit", which turned the soil of Wei State into a magnet at that time, absorbed scholars from all over the world, made them live in Wei State, and formed the cultural foundation of Jian 'an literature. This situation is truly reflected in the works of Jian 'an literary writers. Faced with the cruelty of the real war, the poet did not sink into the ordinary, but played the symphony of the golden age of poetry in history with a high attitude and upward passion.
Mr. Lu Xun once said: "An era of Cao Pi can be said to be an era of literary consciousness." This topic has been mentioned in the works of suzuki torao, a Japanese before Lu Xun. The era of Cao Pi obviously refers to the era of Jian 'an literature. As soon as this view was put forward, it attracted the attention of academic circles. What really has a wide range of repercussions and far-reaching influence in academic circles is Mr. Li Zehou's view on literary consciousness mentioned in the book A Course of Beauty. He believes that "the so-called' literary consciousness' is an aesthetic concept, not just literature" [8-P 124], which is based on the awakening of individual life and thought. Literary consciousness comes from people's awakening, which in turn promotes literary consciousness. Literature has stepped out of its dependence on Confucian classics and turned to a vast space for independent development. Literature in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties has brought unprecedented achievements in many fields, such as poetry, prose, ci-fu, novels, literary theory, etc., and made culture, art, aesthetics and other fields embark on a conscious road. Therefore, "Wei and Jin Dynasties are the period of people's awakening and literature's self-consciousness". [8-P 105] Mr. Li Zehou extended Cao Pi's conscious era to the whole Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. The significance of our study of literary consciousness lies in determining the initial period and mature period of literary consciousness, and there is no need to involve the continuation period. Because once the beginning and formation are determined, although its continuation is swaying or even countercurrent, it is still conscious in general, that is, the continuation of the conscious era. The literature of southern Shanxi and northern dynasties is the continuation of the conscious era of Jian 'an literature. Jian 'an literature appeared as the first conscious era.