First, clarify the outline requirements, grasp the key points, and interpret poetry
The orientation of "exam description" is to "preliminarily" appreciate the image, language, expression skills and ideological content of poetry. However, in the past decade, the score of this question in the college entrance examination has been low. In 2002, Li Bai's "Smelling the flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night" was selected as the college entrance examination paper. Although the poem meets the criteria of "popularity" and "containing philosophy" set by the proposer, and the meaning of "folding willow" is relatively simple, from the sampling data, the average score of poetry appreciation is only 2.44, the difficulty is 0.406, and the score is still low. There are many reasons for the problems, but many students can't read poems. One of the important reasons is that they blindly answer questions based on their own subjective assumptions. To improve the reading ability of poetry, in addition to strengthening the cultural accumulation of candidates and improving their cultural literacy, we should also master some simple methods that can quickly decipher the ideological content of works, such as:
1. Examining the topic: In a sense, the topic is the "secret leaker", because it often has obvious hints for the extensive and rich content of the poem. If you correctly grasp the topic, you will generally grasp the ideological content of the poem. For example, from the title of Lu You's poem Book Wrath, we can infer the feelings and worries expressed by the author.
2. Analysis of ending sentences: There are many ways to end a poem, but the way of complex sentences is universal. This type of poetry often gushes out strong emotions on the basis of full preparation and preparation. For example, Wen Tianxiang's "Crossing the Zero Ding Yang" ends the whole article with a majestic momentum and a high-pitched sentiment, which shows his national integrity and his view of life and death at the expense of life.
3. Grasp the key words: If you can grasp some words that can directly express the author's feelings when reading poetry, it is like finding a key that can unlock the meaning of poetry and quickly interpret poetry. For example, if we can grasp the two key words "travel" and "sadness" when reading the poem "Be Good and Leave Early", we can basically judge that this poem is about feelings like "homesickness".
4. Grasp the key image: classical poetry pays attention to artistic conception, and image is the smallest unit that constitutes artistic conception; Ancient poets often used some typical images to imply their feelings, such as pine trees, plum blossoms, partridges, cuckoos, Qiang flutes and floating clouds. In fact, these images written by the author are not purely objective things, but have infiltrated the author's subjective feelings and accumulated certain symbolic significance. If we can master more such "public images", it will undoubtedly be of great help to understand poetry.
Of course, all of the above are just some auxiliary means to master the content of poetry, and reading poetry must be analyzed in context. Second, carefully analyze the problem and clarify the thinking of answering questions.
1, carefully analyze the question and determine the key points of the answer.
According to the requirements of the syllabus, the setting of test questions generally does not leave the examination of the above four aspects. Students should know how to break down the requirements of questions, make clear the direction of examination and determine the main points of answering questions. at present
Take the national college entrance examination 17 in 2003 as an example. The test item is Wang Wei's Crossing Ji Xiang Temple, and the topic is: The word "poetic eye" is often used by the ancients when commenting on poetry. The so-called "poetic eye" often refers to the most concise and vivid word in a poem. What do you think is the word "poetic eye" in the third sentence of this poem? Why? Please analyze the whole poem briefly. This topic requires the analysis of "poetic eyes", in fact, it is to appreciate its language (that is, to refine words); The so-called "eyes are the windows of the soul" and "poetic eyes" are also the windows of the soul of poetry, through which we can glimpse the "soul (theme)" of poetry. Through the above understanding, we can completely determine the way to answer questions: a, which two words are poetic eyes; B. What Shi Yan expressed in the sentence; C. What is the theme of this poem? D. What is the internal relationship between poetic eyes and the theme of poetry? These four aspects have actually covered all the information points of the topic.
2. Strengthen the training of question types and refine the thinking of solving problems.
Answering poetry appreciation questions should be "different from topic to topic": for "question-and-answer" questions, you should "answer any questions; What do you want, you give it "; Generally speaking, the "summary" question is answered in the mode of "total score", that is, "what did the poem write-how did it write-the benefits of writing like this". Generally speaking, the end point of appreciation lies in the analysis of theme and emotion, because lyric expression is generally the motive force of poet's creation, and the use of any image, language and skill and the evaluation of its advantages and disadvantages are based on whether it can be better expressed. The author tries to draw up several general ideas to solve the problem through his own experience and reference answers to the questions:
1. Image: A what image+the basic characteristics of B image+the meaning of C image;
2. Language: A word meaning sentence meaning (harmony meaning) +b theme emotion;
3. Artistic technique: A what technique+expressive function (B sentence meaning +c theme emotion);
4. Ideological content: A objective reality, life+,B subjective emotion.
Taking Appreciation of Poetic Images as an Example: Luo's Cicada
Cicadas sing in the west, and guests think of the south.
There is no shadow on the temple, which can break the heart of a white-haired prisoner.
His flight passed through the thick fog, and his pure voice was drowned in the world of wind.
Who knows if he is still singing? Who will listen to me? .
Q: Please analyze the symbolic significance of the cicada image created by the author. The answer to this question can be organized by the above ideas: a (what image) "cicada" is a lofty gentleman image. B (image characteristics) is noble, but it strikes and suppresses. The cicada written in "His Flight is Heavier than Fog" can't fly high because its wings are wet with dew. "His pure voice is drowned in a windy world" writes that the cicada's song is covered by the strong wind. C (image meaning) thus shows the noble quality of the poet and the grief and indignation of being unjustly imprisoned, complaining hard, and having empty ambitions but unable to display them.
Third, there are two explanations.
1, the way of writing questions may be very flexible, but generally do not leave the above situation. Candidates should know how to trace the source and sit in the right place.