If a bicycle needs directions [1], it belongs to a country that has lived for a long time [2].
Zheng Peng went out [3] and returned to the wild goose Hu Tian.
The vast desert is lonely, and the Yellow River sets the yen.
Every time Xiao Guan rides a horse, he is guarded by Ran Yan.
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In the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737), Wang Wei was ordered to visit the Xihe Provincial Government to express his condolences to the soldiers. This poem was written by the poet on his way to Xihe. This is a travel poem. The poet went to the frontier fortress on the orders of the imperial court. This poem describes what he saw and felt on this trip.
The first two sentences explain why and where this poem was written. "I want to ask over there" is the purpose of the task. "Bicycle" means that there are few followers and the festival specifications are not high. Poetry reveals frustration in the chronicle, which is triggered by the word "bicycle". The last sentence said that I had been to this special area of Juyan, which became the basis of the scenery described in the poem.
Three or four sentences contain multiple meanings. From the sentence of "returning to the wild goose", we can see that the time to go to the frontier fortress this time is spring. When the grass is ripe, the branches and leaves are dry, and the roots leave the earth and float with the wind, so it is called "signing the crown". This sentence is the poet's feeling of falling from the grass. When Cao Peng is mentioned in ancient poems, he mostly laments his own life experience. For example, Cao Zhi's miscellaneous poem (the second part) called "Turning from the Root, Gone with the Wind" is a famous example. "Going out to the Han Dynasty" in this poem just reflects the poet's itinerary. Moreover, these three words are very affectionate abroad, which deepens the feeling of occupation. When you leave your hometown, your feelings are always complicated, whether it is because of a difficult home, a difficult country to vote for, or a mission, as this poem says. Regarding the poet's mission this time, he has been in a bad mood, which is different from Sima Xiangru's prestige and demeanor when he was favored by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in the early Han Dynasty and sent to the Southwest. The poet's frustration was related to the political struggle in the imperial court. Zhang Jiuling, the prime minister who has always attached importance to poets, was demoted to Jingzhou secretariat in April this year.
Poetry is written in contrasting expressions. "Zheng Peng" is in direct proportion to the poet, and "Returning to the Wild Goose" is in contrast to the poet. In spring, it is a good place for Yanbei to return to its old nest to raise chicks. Facing the desert sandstorm, the poet drifted to the Great Wall like a loose grass, and the situation was very different.
Five or six sentences describe the scenery, with broad boundaries and vigorous weather. This couplet consists of two paintings. The first picture is a lonely smoke in the desert. Being in the desert, the poet is presented with such a scene: the yellow sand is boundless and endless. Look up at the sky, there is not a cloud in the sky. Without vegetation, there is no travel. Looking from a distance, I saw a wisp of solitary smoke rising at the end of the sky, and the poet's spirit did it one brace up, as if this desert had a little vitality. It is a lighthouse, which tells the poet that this trip is about to reach its destination. The beacon smoke is a typical frontier fortress scenery, and "solitude and straightness" highlights the atmosphere of frontier fortress. Judging from the composition of the picture. Adding a column of white smoke between the blue sky and the yellow sand becomes the center of the whole picture, which is the finishing touch. Kunya: "ancient fireworks, with wolf smoke, gather straight, although the wind is not oblique." Zhao Diancheng, a Qing Dynasty man, said: "Only when you see the scenery with your own eyes can you know the beauty of the word' straight'." This is from words.
The other is a sunset over a long river. This is a close-up shot. The poet stood on the hill overlooking the winding river. In the evening, the sunset lowered the river, and the river was sparkling. What a wonderful moment it is! The poet only quoted a word "circle", which accurately described the scenery characteristics of the sunset on the river. As a result of choosing such a perspective, the red sun suddenly enters and exits in the long river, adding to the magnificence of the river swallowing the sun and the moon, thus making the whole picture more magnificent.
The last two sentences end with things: at this time, the mission of the poet is about to be completed. Poetry, let nature take its course.
Although this poem is a chronicle, it is natural to express feelings or describe exotic scenery all the way. The couplets of "Long River" and "Sunset" are excellent and have always been recited as famous sentences about scenery.
To annotate ...
[1] Ask the border guards: Express condolences to the border guards.
[2] Dependent country: the abbreviation of classical country refers to the envoy, here Wang Wei refers to himself. Juyan: There was Juyan territory in the Eastern Han Dynasty. According to Yuanhe County Records, Juyanhai is in the northeast of Zhangye County in Ganzhou (now Inner Mongolia).
[3] Pumbaa: Cao Peng flying with the wind.
[4] Xiao Guan: In today's southeast of Guyuan, Gansu. A patrol waiting to ride a horse.
[5] Duhufu: The governor of Duhufu refers to the time when we were in Hexi. Ran Yan: The name of the mountain. Dou Xian, a general of the later Han Dynasty, defeated Xiongnu, went to Yanran and made contributions by carving stones. The poem mentioned the victory of Hexi Army.