The moon is a major theme in China's classical poems. The poet Li Taibai once asked: When will the moon appear in the blue sky? I'll stop for a cup of coffee and ask. No one expected that the glass he stopped in the Tang Dynasty was found by Su Dongpo in the Song Dynasty more than 400 years later. There are poems to prove it: when will there be a bright moon? Ask about Sky Wine.
When did the moon begin to appear?
Su Shi (Song)
(Chen Bing Mid-Autumn Festival, drinking up to Dan, drunk writing this article, and pregnant. )
When did the moon begin to appear? Ask heaven for wine. I don't know the palace in the sky, and I don't know the month and time. I'm willing to ride the wind to the sky, I'm afraid I can't stand the cold for nine days in a pavilion of fine jade. Dance and enjoy the shadow of the moon, which is in the world.
The moon turned into a scarlet pavilion, hanging low on the carved window, shining on the sleepy self. The moon should not have any resentment against people. Why is it round when people are gone? People are sad and happy, and they are separated and reunited. The moon will darken or shine, and it will become round or round. Nothing is perfect, even in the past. I hope people will live for a long time and have a good scenery thousands of miles away.
Su Shi, whose name is Zi Zhan and whose name is He Zhong, is called "Dongpo Jushi" and "Su Dongpo" in the world. He was a famous writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. Together with his father, Su Xun, and his younger brother, Su Zhe, he is known as the "Three Sus" among the eight great writers in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and is the most talented family in the literary history of the Tang and Song Dynasties. Even in the long history of thousands of years, I am afraid that only Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi can compare with it. However, Cao Pi's roommate, Cao Zhi, wrote a seven-step poem. "This is the same root. Why are you in such a hurry? " How can it be compared with the brotherhood of Su Shi and Su Zhe?
Su Shi is three years older than Su Zhe, and the two brothers have been holding hands since childhood. Su Shi praised his younger brother for his cleverness. He is not only his brother, but also his wise friend. "Is it my brother and a wise friend?" Su Zhe said that his brother was his teacher and opened the door to his new world. Help me be a brother and teach me to be a teacher. Looking through their poetry collections, a large part of them are poems that answer each other. Su Shi sent letters to Su Zhe almost everywhere, and Su Zhe wrote back as many as 130.
Su Shi is broad-minded, Su Zhe is introverted, Su Shi is informal, and Su Zhe is quiet and rigorous. Many interesting things have happened between these complementary brothers. In his later years, the two brothers were exiled to a desolate place. When he left, Su Zhe asked his younger brother to stop writing poems and drinking (because Su Shi was convicted of poetry, he was not allowed to drink because of his poor health). In order not to worry his brother, Su Shi agreed. As a result, I made a poem in my dream during my nap. Su Shi woke up with an itch, so I recorded this poem. On second thought, I promised my brother not to write poetry anyway, but I didn't do it. I just had another drink ... Well, I don't know how Su Zhe felt when he found out.
Su Shi and Su Zhe entered the official career in the same year. Their political thoughts are roughly the same, and they advance and retreat together in the political reform struggle. Because he opposed Wang Anshi's political reform, Su Shi was released again and again, first in Hangzhou. After three years in power, he could have taken the opportunity to return to the capital. However, he took the initiative to apply to go to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province) and said to the court: If he takes his wife and children to Beijing, I am afraid the living expenses will be too high, and now he requests to go to Mizhou. In fact, the first sentence is perfunctory, and the last sentence is true. Because Su Zhe was working in Jinan at that time, and the two places were not too far apart. Later, the court agreed to transfer Su Shi to Mizhou, but it backfired. Even in Shandong, the two brothers failed to meet each other because of various opportunities.
On the Mid-Autumn Festival in A.D. 1076, when the moon was bright and Yin Hui was everywhere, Su Shi remembered that he had not been with his younger brother Su Zhe for six years, and his heart was in full swing, so he started to write this famous poem. Before this word, there is a little preface that is often ignored: Chen Bing Mid-Autumn Festival, drunk, drunk to write this article, pregnant. The reason is Su Zhe. When a person is drunk and deeply misses another person, then this person definitely occupies an extremely important position in his life.
The word is full of hope for the moon. "When is the bright moon? Ask the sky for wine. " When did the bright moon begin to exist? Su Shi regards Qingtian as a friend and asks for wine. It seems to trace the origin of the bright moon, and it seems to marvel at the wonders of nature. Next, "I don't know what year it is today." Praise and yearning for the bright moon have been further promoted. It has been many years since the birth of the bright moon. I don't know what day it is tonight at the Moon Palace. The poet imagined that it must be a good day, which is why the moon is so round and bright. He wanted to see it very much, so he went on to say, "I want to go home in the wind, but I'm afraid of beautiful buildings, and it's too cold up there." There is an allusion here: During the period of Emperor Ming of Tang Dynasty, a warlock named Ye Jingneng invited Li Longji to visit the Moon Palace on the evening of August 15th. When he was leaving, he asked the emperor to put on a fur coat. But Li Longji doesn't think so. As a result, when they flew to the Moon Palace, they almost froze Tang to death. This is the origin of "it's too cold up there". But why did Su Shi say that he would go home by the wind? The Tang people called Li Bai "fallen immortals", and Huang Tingjian, a writer and calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, called Su Shi and Li Bai "two fallen immortals". Su Shi also thought that he was from the middle of the moon in his last life, and wanted to fly to the Moon Palace by the wind, but he was afraid that the Qionglou Yuyu was too high to stand the cold there. There is another explanation for these sentences. Su Shi compared "resplendent buildings" to the residence of the emperor, and "too high to be cold" cleverly showed that he had clearly realized his risks in the imperial court. But in any case, he gave up riding away and chose to leave this world. Dance to find the shadow, as if on earth. It is better to stay on earth and dance in the moonlight than to fly to the cold moon palace!
Next, I miss my loved ones, thinking of the departure of the Mid-Autumn Festival full moon, and feel the impermanence of life at the same time. "Turn to Zhuge, low-lying households, sleepless." Moonlight around Zhuhongting, near the carved window, no one can't sleep. "Can't sleep" refers to those who feel sad because they can't reunite with their relatives, so they can't sleep. So the poet complained about the moon and said, "There should be no hatred. Why do you want to say goodbye? " You shouldn't have any resentment against the bright moon. Why are people round when they leave? This unreasonable tone further sets off the poet's brotherly affection for his younger brother, but implicitly expresses his sympathy for the unfortunate divorcee. Then, the poet turned his pen and said a word of relief. This sentence forgave the bright moon. "People have joys and sorrows, the moon has ups and downs, and it is difficult to be complete in ancient times." There is the pain of parting and the joy of reunion. The moon will hide in the dark and shine, and the reunion will be incomplete. These things have been rare since ancient times. These three sentences are highly summarized and philosophical from people to the moon and from ancient times to the present. At the end of the word, "I wish people a long life and take Wan Li Road." "Chanjuan" is a beautiful appearance, which means Chang 'e, which means the moon. I wish you peace every year, and you can enjoy the beautiful moonlight thousands of miles away. These two sentences are not general self-consolation and encouragement, but are similar to Wang Bo's "However, China has our friendship, and heaven is still our neighbor" and Zhang Jiuling's "The moon is now at sea, and the horizon is * * * at this time". It not only expresses the author's blessing and yearning for his loved ones, but also shows the author's broad-minded attitude and optimistic spirit, which fully shows the richness and breadth of the poet's spiritual realm.
The whole poem is deep and graceful, flowing, creating a profound and lofty realm with beautiful imagination and distinctive philosophy, which has a strong artistic appeal. Evaluation of later generations: Mid-Autumn Festival ci, since Dongpo's "Shuidiao Tou" came out, the rest of the ci have been abandoned.
Su Shi and Su Zhe love each other on weekdays, never leaving, never leaving. When Su Shi was full of ambition, he encountered the biggest blow in his life-Wutai Poetry Case. Su Zhe also fell into a difficult life, but he not only didn't complain at all, but also took his brother's family to his home to settle down, and wrote to the emperor Zongshen many times, willing to be relieved of his official position and atone for his brother. Su Shi was tortured by the imperial censor in prison, and once thought that he was born to die, so he wrote a desperate poem that people brought to Su Zhe. One of them said, "It is more difficult to be brothers with Jun for life." I hope that we will be brothers from generation to generation, and this friendship will not change in the next life. This friendship will take us to the peak of expressing brotherhood.