Abstract: "Hurting time" is an important emotional feature of Li Shangyin's untitled poems. The tragic temperament in untitled poems is inseparable from the poet's experience of life and his understanding of Buddhism and Taoism. It is this individual emotion of Buddhism and Taoism that melts the poet's pain, injects the fantasy of poetry, affects the poet's creative mentality to a certain extent, increases the difficulty of reading untitled poems, and adds hazy beauty, sad beauty and life beauty to untitled poems. The sentimental sentiment of Buddhism and Taoism in untitled poems has a great influence on poetry.
[Keywords:]: untitled poems; Sentimental; Buddhism and Taoism; Polysemy; Sad beauty
In the Qing Dynasty, Liu Xizai summed up Li Shangyin's poetic style with the phrase "Li Fannan is affectionate and graceful" in "An Outline of Art", which is very insightful. The most representative of the exquisite and beautiful style of a mountain is his love lyric poem Untitled. This part of the poem is elegant and gorgeous. Harmony in phonology, sadness and dignity "stunning brilliance" has reached the point where "five colors are dazzling and five tones are confused". The reason why untitled poems can achieve "endless charm, more and more popular, more practical and inexhaustible" (Yang Yi commented on Yi Shan's rhyming poems in Yang Qiu) lies in his successful expression of deep feelings and interest in Buddhism and Taoism. Sentimental sentiment is the emotional tone of untitled poems.
In-depth study of Li Shangyin's untitled poems, although some people have pointed out the sentimental and sincere characteristics of his poems for a long time, they often stick to the lines of the poems or stick to the social background to explore, and have not fully expounded the poet's life experience and understanding of Buddhism and Taoism, so it is difficult to truly appreciate the emotional experience and ambiguity of untitled poems. Therefore, this paper attempts to explore the subtle relationship between sentimental sentiment and Buddhism and Taoism in untitled poems, show the poet's creative mentality, and put forward new techniques to interpret untitled poems, in order to show that sentimental sentiment and Buddhism and Taoism are the great charm of untitled poems.
1. Sentimental sentiment is the emotional theme of Li Shangyin's untitled poems.
Sentimental sentiment is a tradition of emotional expression in China's literary works, which has been handed down from generation to generation since Song Yu's Nine Arguments. The decline of society, the lack of people's livelihood and the turmoil of the country in the late Tang Dynasty made people's attention to the outside world turn to the examination and appreciation of the individual's heart. Therefore, social reality has created a mountain of melancholy and sad poetic beauty. Poets express their sentimental feelings in delicate language, and take two emotional situations as aesthetic perspectives: either lamenting, thinking in a different place, or lingering two emotional joys, which are often persistent in hopelessness, concise and clear in confusion, seemingly hazy but not depressed, seemingly vacant but more stubborn. The poet is delicate and sentimental. Most of his love poems, represented by Untitled, convey a complex and special emotional life, without a sense of certainty and purpose. Among them, the poet either melts into life experience, or injects his own fantasy, or nothingness, or summarizes it as "it's already lonely and dark, how far can a pomegranate flower whisper?" (Untitled), and poured sentimental emotions into the magnificent poetic landscape of Alan Yu, and integrated many feelings into the profound beauty, forming a kind of sad beauty.
Compared with the poets after the Song Dynasty, Li Yishan, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, likes and is better at judging human feelings, world situations and current situation with a unique eye, expressing his feelings and showing the poet's unique personality charm. Li Shangyin's untitled poems mostly take "acacia" as the theme, describing the yearning and pursuit of love between the hero and heroine, with a strong tragic color and showing various complicated thoughts and feelings. As far as some specific poems are concerned, two untitled poems (a faint phoenix-tailed yarn, with double fragrance; Deeply grieved, Mochou Hall expresses the expectation and self-injury of a girl when she is lovesick. The girl in Untitled (such as Liang Chu has feelings) has resentment in her heart because of the frustration of love; Untitled (stealing a mirror at the age of eight) is about the repression of a beautiful and noble girl's desire, and the poet laments her personal decline and disappointment in life in a sad style; In two untitled poems (The Star Last Night and The Wind Last Night), the poet lamented the love separation between the past and the present, expressing the poet's depressed heart, while the untitled poem (It was a long time before I met her, but it was longer since we separated) wrote the painful parting in late spring, expressed the distant and persistent sad thoughts, and integrated the poet's life sentiment that it was difficult to realize his ideal; There are four untitled poems (you said you would come, but you didn't, and you didn't leave me any other traces; Whispering southeast drizzle; Affectionate spring night; The first song in "Where is Zheng Ai" wrote that a man misses a distant woman, like crying, like a dream, like a cigarette, and lonely. The second poem is about a woman with a closed boudoir's longing for love and disillusionment of hope, and the fourth poem is about the long night when an old woman in the East was injured and couldn't get married. The four-line poem "Untitled" contains the sadness of graceful and restrained but not willing to live in the world.
As far as Li Shangyin is concerned, he has lost his relatives several times since he was a child, suffered from the hardships of life, and was deeply touched by the indifference of the world and the delicate and fragile feelings. Influenced by the party struggle, the poet's misfortune of "sticking to his life" and "ancient talents hinder his life" gave him lifelong resentment; The declining times, declining family background, ill-fated official career, frustrated love, misunderstanding of others and the early death of his wife all increased his psychological burden, which made him lament the decline of fortune and the wandering of life experience in a melancholy and sentimental style: life experience, family background and Buddhism, which contributed to the poet's sentimental and introverted personality and mentality in all aspects. His talent, his tragedy, and his helplessness also filled him with feelings, state affairs and family affairs, going to Qiu Lai in the spring, human contacts, and friends of the opposite sex, all of which can arouse his emotional activities. "I believe in affectionate life, and Yang Zhu dies with affection" ("Send a Thousand Cows to General Li"), "Affection" and "Affection". The trauma of the soul, the hardships of life and the painful experience are all concentrated in one poem, which euphemistically tells a sad inner world and a beautiful spiritual picture, and sings a sad and touching elegy for that tragic era.
All these untitled poems of Li Shangyin express the misfortune of love, express the parting and blocking, expectation and disappointment, persistence and lingering, anguish and indignation in love life, and vent the leading sentimental feelings everywhere. As Yu Shucheng said in Tang Poetry, "His untitled poems are almost all about his misfortune".