First, the upper couplet is flat, and the lower couplet is flat.
The spring breeze is bold to comb the willows.
The night rain hides people's flowers.
── Zheng Xie
The word flat in the couplet is changed, and the upper sentence is flat, and the next sentence is flat. There is no place between the corresponding boxes of the upper couplet and the lower couplet that is not flat. In fact, this is also a kind of sentence pattern in a very formal seven-character metrical poem. Of course, couplets don't always use the sentence pattern of metrical poems. Generally, as long as the level of each sentence changes, the corresponding words between the two sentences are flat and opposite.
The world is at peace, civil servants don't love money, and military attaché s don't hesitate to die
Being upright, being a river and a moon in the next place
── The leveling of Hangzhou Yuefen
is still normal, but it is not strict in some places. First of all, if the previous sentence is closed and the next sentence is flat, it is a positive case. Let's talk about 135 words regardless: the so-called 135 words can be ignored. In long couplets, they are not counted continuously from beginning to end, but are divided into sections. In each clause, the last word should be strict, the double numbers should be strict, and the rest of the figures can be lenient (see later). For example, the first section of the upper and lower sentences in this couplet is four sentences, and "Ping" is opposite to "Qi", "Xia" is opposite to "Kun", and the second section is five sentences, in which "Qian" is opposite to "Yue", "Guan" is opposite to "Xia", "Love" is opposite to "He". One or three words in the other clauses are relatively wrong, so you can ignore them.
when I came back from writing on the plain wall, the painting boat went to lent, and it was drizzling and windy.
heptachord only listened thoroughly, and the sky was bright and the mountains were flowing, and friends were close.
── The couplet of Gu Binji and Xin Qiji in Suzhou Yiyuan Shiting Piano Studio
Except for the fourth word in the first clause, all the others were even, and the ending was even.
In the last two cases, there are two places where the fourth word of the five-character sentence is not even, which actually reflects a substantive law. The so-called "two-four-six-character" is because the general sentence is mostly two-character rhythm, and each word forms a small step, and there is no pause after the single number, which gives people an inconspicuous sense of sound. The double numbers are mostly at the end of the step, and there are long or short extensions or pauses after reading, which gives people a strong sense of sound. However, generally, the five-character sentence is mostly in the rhythm of two or three, and its fourth word is not at the end of the step, but in the middle of the step, without extension or pause, and it is not in an important position in the sense of sound, so the requirement of leveling can be relaxed.
He is a seven-foot-old man, who can give himself up
to be a hero for a thousand years, and never return home when he dies
── Red Rock
The second half of this couplet is four words, and the first half is five words, but it is not two rhythms, but the fourth word ("male" and "male" The first word alone constitutes a step, which should be a little strict, but it is the leading word and has a lighter pronunciation, which is not as influential as the last word of the couplet and the last word of the couplet, so it can also allow some flexibility.
two cities enjoy each other, and a thousand years' rice is ripe
according to the victory of one mountain, four photos blossom
── Yun Qi Building, Huishan, Suzhou
The rhythm of this example is basically the same as that of the previous example (the first five characters can be regarded as one or four rhythms). There are only the second and fourth words in the first half of the five-sentence sentence, which are not at the end of the small step, which can be ignored. It is also allowed to use the word "zhi" in the fourth word. It should be noted, however, that only a few words such as "Zhi" can be reused in empty word, and they can only be used in the places where sentences are read quickly and lightly, and cannot be reused at the end of sentences. Besides, the two ancient sounds "Yi" and "Liang" are both confused sounds, although they are in the position of the second word, they can be ignored because they are not in the final word of the step. According to the current pronunciation of Putonghua, the word "one" is flat, and there is no problem. The author thinks that it makes sense to use ancient rhymes in writing old-style poems (it is not necessary to use ancient rhymes), because old-style poems are not very popular originally, and the readers are not the general public; Couplets, on the other hand, are a form of appreciating elegance and vulgarity, which is widely used among the masses today. It is better to use the phonology of Putonghua now. Also, if the tone sandhi problem is considered, "two cities" means going up, and "one mountain" means going flat. Here, there are going up, going flat, and going up, and the mode is down and up, which is very lively and loud and has a good effect. The author is very fond of going to or going to the opposite place (see later), and advocates that if there are words with tone sandhi in the couplet, they should be treated as flat tones after tone sandhi.
Looking at the clouds and shadows against the railing, it's best for Hong Guo and Bai Ping and Qiu Lao to drink wine to Qionglou Yuyu, and don't be alone. It's the Peng Yulin couplet of the West Lake Pinghu Autumn Moon
. This couplet is the usual style: the upper couplet is collected, the lower couplet is collected evenly, and the others are even. The first two seven-character sentences are three-four rhythms, the last clause is four-character, and the * * * three four-character jokes can be further divided into two-two-two-two-character jokes, in which the double numbers are all relative, and the single number is even. The problem is that the first two words are funny, such as "by" and "ba", "most" and "mo", which are right or wrong, because they are all in the position of the first word, so we can ignore them. The second word "column" and "wine", "good" and "solitary" are all opposite, and the third word "look" and "right" and "yes" and "negative" are all wrong. This seems to be the principle of distinguishing between two and four, rather than the principle of strict ending. In fact, there is another reason: these four three-character words are similar to the leading characters in the song, with a lighter pronunciation, and the stress in the second word is not in the third word, so the second word is relaxed from the third word. (The word "Kan" can also be read in a flat voice according to the ancient phonetic book, but here the words before and after are all flat, so it is better to pronounce the word "Kan" as a flat voice. )
Take the distant mountains and swallow the Yangtze River, and its southwest peaks and forests and valleys, You Mei
Send the sunset to welcome the moon, and when spring and summer turn, it will be a day between trees and grass
── Yi Bingshou's collection of sentences in Pingshan Hall, Yangzhou
There are many mistakes in this couplet, and many flat words are used in the couplet, which is really awkward to read. However, because it is a set of sentences, the level and level can't be changed at will, and because the content is carefully cut, it won't harm the content in form, so I chose these sentences. Even so, the main points and key points of the form have to be qualified. One of the key points of the leveling of this couplet is the ending step, and the "You Mei" is relative to the international sky, and the "Yangtze River" is relative to the "Suyue" and leveling. In addition, although the other two teasing ending words are flat-voiced, they are both flat-voiced and flat-voiced, and the tone of the words is not exactly the same. In addition, the tone of the whole sentence of the couplet is still lively and varied, so it tastes like couplets. Of course, it would be better if the content and form are perfect, and it is always not enough to be out of line in the form of leveling.
second, the couplet in this format is also common in famous works. Some people ask and answer questions, the first person makes a flat sentence, and the second person makes a flat sentence, which is not necessarily a flat sentence and a flat sentence, because some people can think that the first person makes a flat sentence, so it is flat, and the second person makes a flat sentence, so it is flat. However, it is true that some of the first people pay for the upper part, and the second people pay for the lower part. The order of the upper part and the lower part must not be changed, but only the upper part and the lower part. The following couplets are made:
The Dongting is 8 miles long, and the waves are surging and rolling. Where did the master come from?
Twelve peaks in Wushan, with heavy clouds and misty fog, descended from the sky.
p>── Zhou Yuhuan's couplets to all the examinees
Why do couplets usually have to be made up and collected, and then collected?
It seems that this has something to do with people's auditory psychology. Just as there are differences in musical scales such as tonic, dominant tone and leading tone, the tonic gives people the most stable feeling, the dominant tone is also relatively stable, and the leading tone is very unstable. The questions in a musical sentence are mostly ended with unstable sounds, and the answers in the next sentence are mostly ended with relatively stable sounds, while the music ends with the tonic to give people the feeling of stable ending. Although the absolute sound value of Chinese tone is different in different dialects, the same tone gives people the same feeling of stability or not. Ending with flat words can give people a stable sense of ending, so the last sentence of the couplet is not closed flat, but the next sentence is closed flat. But sometimes the music doesn't end on the tonic, so as to cause special effects; At the same time, the next sentence of the couplet can be concluded without using the flat sound word, which can also cause special effects.
Another example is:
The door opens a thousand poles and bamboo are short
There are many beautiful mountains and rivers in thousands of books, Jie Jin
The scenery here is unique
Guo Moruo's set of sentences
Painting a building facing Nanpu Cloud
Pearl curtain rolling in the rain in the western hills
-Picking the king.
3. Going to the top or going to the top
Since the next couplet sentence can be ended with a rising tone or a falling tone (in the last example, only the word "color" and "pavilion" in the last couplet was originally an entering tone), and the radio reception of the next sentence has a greater influence than that of the previous sentence, it is not necessary to use a flat tone word for the radio reception of the previous sentence. The ending words of the upper couplet and the lower couplet can only have different tones, so that there can be a tail. Here are a few examples:
June 6th (going to work)
Autumn wind and autumn rain
── Qiu Jin Temple in Hangzhou
Spring breeze and spring rain (going to work today, doing more)
New Year's Eve and new scene
─── Old couplets
The ruler is not precious
The shade is priceless
. For example:
A famous horse in Dawan flies thousands of miles every day
A phoenix flies to the sky
── The old gift couplet
The word "thousand miles" in this couplet is loud and vigorous, and the word "nine words" is high and elegant, and the two teasers "horse" and "phoenix" in the middle are actually better than the word "Li" in the couplet.
4. Other
Other situations include works that look like couplets but are not couplets, and couplets with the same tone at the end of the upper and lower sentences. Although there are also famous couplets with good content, it is not enough to violate the law. Here are a few examples:
A model for all generations
There is no
on the door of Confucius House in Qufu.
Although it is hung on both sides of the door, it is really not a couplet, but it can only be said to be a very useful eulogy.
the four rivers are the first, the four seasons are the second, and the husband lives in Jiangxia. Who is the first and who is the second?
The three religions Confucianism are in the front, and the three talents are in the back. The boy is a Confucian, so how dare he be in the front?
────── Liang Qichao asked Zhang Zhidong's sentence very well, and Liang's antithesis was even better. Although Quanlian is very interesting, the two key points that most affect the tone are the word "Hou" versus the word "Er" and the tone-removing versus the tone-removing. Fortunately, the antithetical sentences are also answered in rhetorical tone, and the flat changes between the endings of the clauses in the upper and lower couplet are also more lively, which makes the tone of the couplet not dull. However, it is impossible to act against the same tune when it is important.
the spirit is eternal
the integrity lasts for thousands of years
── Liu Haisu's self-titled couplet
Although he is old and ill, he still has to study hard
─── Deng Chumin's self-titled couplet
These are still two couplets. Liu Lian's upper and lower sentences end with the above-mentioned phonetic characters, and Deng Lian ends with the disyllabic characters, all of which are the same words. As far as the specific situation of these two couplets is concerned, the homology pair has not played a bad role, and it seems to cooperate quite well with other aspects such as content and form. But it's ok even if it's done by a famous master, and it's better for ordinary people not to learn.