Students must recite ancient poems and appreciate frontier poems in classified reading.
Liangzhou song
Wang Zhihuan
The Yellow River is far above the white clouds.
Wan Ren is an isolated city.
Why should a strong brother complain about willow?
The spring breeze does not pass through Yumen Pass.
[Notes]
1. Liangzhou Ci: The lyrics of a popular tune (Liangzhou Ci) at that time.
2. The Yellow River is far away: looking at the source of the Yellow River.
3. Lonely city: refers to the lonely castle guarding the border.
4. Qi: ancient unit of length. One breath is equivalent to seven or eight feet.
5. Qiang flute: Qiang musical instrument.
6. Liu Yang: It refers to a song called Folding Liu Yang. There is a custom of breaking willows to bid farewell in the Tang Dynasty.
7. Degree: crossing. The last two sentences are: Why did Qiangdi play such a sad tune as "Folding Willow", complaining that the willow didn't grow and spring came late? You know, the spring breeze outside Yumenguan can't blow!
[Brief analysis]
"Liangzhou Ci" is the lyrics of Liangzhou Song, not the title of a poem, but the name of a popular tune in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. During the Kaiyuan period, Guo Zhiyun, the Chinese ambassador to Longyou, collected a batch of western music scores and presented them to Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Xuanzong handed it to Jiao Fang to translate it into China's music score, sang it with new lyrics, and took the place names produced by these music scores as the title of the song. Later, many poets liked this tune and filled it with new words, so many poets in the Tang Dynasty wrote Liangzhou Ci.
Wang Zhihuan wrote this poem about the homesickness of frontier soldiers. It is desolate and generous, sad without losing strength. Although he tried his best to exaggerate the resentment that the garrison soldiers were not allowed to go home, he did not feel depressed, which fully showed the broad-minded mind of the poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
The first sentence, "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds", captures the characteristics of overlooking and depicts a moving picture: on the vast plateau, the Yellow River runs down and looks at the west as if it were flowing out of the white clouds. The second sentence, "An isolated city, Wan Ren Mountain", is about an isolated city in the fortress. A lonely city located in the frontier fortress, standing tall by mountains and waters. These two sentences describe the majestic momentum of the motherland's mountains and rivers, outline the geographical situation of this important national defense town, highlight the desolate situation of foot soldiers guarding the border, and provide a typical environment for the latter two sentences to describe the psychology of defending the army.
In this environment, I suddenly heard the sound of Qiangdi, and the tune I played happened to be "Folding Willow", which aroused the sadness of the garrison. The ancients had the custom of parting and giving gifts. "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic and presented to Liu as a souvenir. In the Northern Dynasty Yuefu's "Blowing the Drum Horn Across", there is "Folding Yang Liuzhi", and the lyrics say: "If you don't catch the whip when you get on the horse, you will hit Yang Liuzhi instead. Dismount and play the flute, worrying about killing travelers. " It is mentioned in the song that pedestrians break willows when they walk. This kind of farewell wind was very popular in the Tang Dynasty. Thus, there is a close relationship between willow and parting. Nowadays, when the frontier soldiers hear the sad tune of "Folding Willow" played by Qiangdi, it is inevitable that they will feel sad but not hate it. Therefore, the poet explained in an open-minded tone: Why does Qiangdi always play the sad tune of "breaking willow"? You know, outside Yumenguan is a place where spring breeze can't blow, so there are no willows to fold! To say "why complain" is not to complain, nor to persuade the guards not to complain, but to complain is useless. The use of the word "why complain" makes poetry more economical and meaningful. Three or four sentences, which Yang Shen thought contained irony: "This poem is not as good as frontier fortress, and the so-called military gate is far more than Wan Li." China's ancient poetry has always had a tradition of "happiness", not to mention "poetry fails to express its meaning". We think readers can't help but understand it, but we are not sure whether the author really means it.
About the author: Wang Zhihuan (688-742) was born in Jinyang, Ji Ling (now Taiyuan, Shanxi), and later moved to Jiangzhou (now Jiangxian, Shanxi). Poets in Tang Dynasty.
Disengage plug
Wang Changling
Bright moon in Qin dynasty, bright moon in Han dynasty.
The Long March hasn't come back yet.
But Dragon City will fly in,
Don't teach Huma to climb the Yinshan Mountain.
[Notes]
1. Frontier fortress is a common theme for poets in Tang Dynasty to write frontier fortress life poems.
2. Bright Moon in Qin Dynasty and Customs in Han Dynasty: Bright Moon and Customs in Qin and Han Dynasties. This means that the war has never stopped on the long border.
3. but manufacturing: as long as.
4. Flying generals in Dragon City: refers to Li Guang, a famous soldier in the Han Dynasty. The invading Huns were afraid of him and called him "General Fei". This refers to a brave general.
Huma: refers to foreign cavalry invading the mainland.
6. Yinshan Mountain: In today's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, ancient times are often used to resist the invasion of Xiongnu.
[Brief analysis]
This is a famous frontier fortress poem, which shows that the poet hopes to be a good general, quell the frontier fortress war as soon as possible and let the people live a stable life.
The poet starts with the scenery, and the first sentence outlines a desolate scene of Leng Yue's filming the border crossing. "The Moon of Qin Dynasty was broken in Han Dynasty" cannot be understood as the Moon of Qin Dynasty was broken in Han Dynasty. Here, Qin, Han, Guan and Yue are used alternately, which is called intertextuality in rhetoric, meaning bright moon in Qin and Han dynasties and Guan in Qin and Han dynasties. The poet hinted that the war here has never stopped since Qin and Han dynasties, highlighting the long time. The second sentence "The Long March has not returned" and "Wan Li" mean that the frontier fortress and the mainland are far from Wan Li. Although it is empty, it highlights the vastness of space. The Return of Man reminds people of the disaster brought by the war and expresses the poet's grief and indignation.
How can we get rid of people's difficulties? The poet pinned his hopes on a brilliant general. "But make Longcheng fly, and don't teach Huma to cross the Yinshan Mountain." As long as Li Guang, the flying general guarding Liuzhou, is still alive, he won't let the Hu people's cavalry cross the Yinshan Mountain. "Dragon City Flying General Army" refers to Li Guang, a famous soldier who was guarding Lulong City by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He was brave and good at fighting, and defeated Xiongnu many times. "Don't teach" is not allowed, and the word "teach" is pronounced flat; "Huma" here refers to the cavalry invaded by foreign countries. "crossing Yinshan", crossing Yinshan. Yinshan Mountain is a big mountain range in the east-west direction in the north, and it is the natural barrier of the northern border defense in Han Dynasty. The last two sentences are written implicitly and skillfully, which makes people draw the necessary conclusions by comparing the past.
This poem is called the masterpiece of the Tang Dynasty. Tragic but not sad, generous but not shallow, Wang's poem "Out of the Fortress" is two, and this poem is the first.
join the army
Wang Changling
Qinghai Changyun Dark Snow Mountain,
Seeing yumenguan from the lonely city.
Huang Sha wears golden armor in many battles.
If you don't break Loulan, you won't return it.
[Notes]
1. Join the army: The old topic of Yuefu's Harmony and Flat Tune is more about military business trips. Wang Changling's "Join the Army" consists of seven songs, and here is the fourth song.
2. Qinghai: Today's Qinghai Lake. Changyun: It's cloudy. It's all over the sky. Snow Mountain: A mountain covered with snow all year round, which refers to Qilian Mountain.
3. Isolated City: It refers to Yumenguan, with a vast territory and a sparse population, giving people the feeling of an isolated city. This word order is reversed, which means "looking at the Yumen Pass in the lonely city from afar".
4. Wear: Wear. Shiny armor: A combat suit is armor made of metal.
5. Destroy Loulan: Completely destroy the enemy by reference. Loulan: The title of Shanshan in the Western Regions in the Han Dynasty generally refers to the Japanese invaders who invaded the northwest border area at that time.
[Modern Translation]
The endless dark clouds in Qinghai Lake,
Qilian mountain covered with snow all year round;
From a distance, you can only see the lonely city.
That's Yumen Xiongguan, which can't be moved by the spring breeze.
On the vast battlefield of Huangsha,
In many battles, the soldiers wore out their armor, clothes and shirts.
But if we don't wipe out the invading border thieves completely,
They will swear to death not to return home!
[Introduction to the author]
Wang Changling (699-757) was born in Zhao Jing Chang 'an (now Xi City, Shaanxi Province) and his ancestral home was Taiyuan (now Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province). A famous frontier poet in Tang Dynasty. He is good at seven-character quatrains, and his works are mostly Frontier fortress and Farewell, with vigorous weather, meaningful feelings, refined and vivid language and melodious melody.
Border songs
Lulun
In the faint moonlight, geese fly high,
The Tatar chiefs are fleeing from the darkness.
We chased them, with light horses,
Our bows and swords are covered with snow.
[Notes]
1. Xia Sai: an ancient frontier fortress military song.
2. Moonlight: There is no moonlight.
3. Khan: the leader of Xiongnu. This refers to the supreme commander of the invaders.
4. escape: escape.
5. Will: Leadership.
6. Qingqi: Qingqi and Fast Cavalry.
7.11: Catch up.
[Brief analysis]
This is the third poem in Lulun's "Xia Sai Qu" series. Lu Lun used to be a marshal judge of the shogunate, and he had a good understanding of the life of soldiers. Poetry describing this life is more substantial and powerful in style. This poem is about the heroic feat of the general preparing to lead his troops in pursuit of the enemy on a snowy night.
The first two sentences are about the enemy fleeing. "In the bright moonlight, geese are soaring", and the moon is covered by clouds and dark. Su Yan started up and flew high. "Chief Tatar fled in the dark". On this unusual night with high black wind, the enemy sneaked away. "Khan" originally refers to the supreme ruler of Xiongnu, and here refers to the invaders of Qidan and other nationalities who often invaded the south at that time.
The last two sentences describe the general preparing to chase the enemy, which is unusual. "And we chase it, and the horse is lightly burdened." The general found that the enemy had absconded and wanted to lead the light cavalry to pursue it; Just as we were about to leave, there was a heavy snow, and in an instant the bow and knife were covered with snowflakes. The last sentence "and the burden of snow on our bows and swords" is a description of the cold scene, highlighting the hardships of fighting and the brave spirit of soldiers.
This poem blends scenes. The enemy troops fled in the scene of "wild geese flying in the bright moonlight", and the general was prepared to pursue them in the scene of "snow burden on our bow and our sword". The atmosphere of running away and chasing is effectively rendered. The whole poem does not describe the process of chasing the enemy in the snow, nor does it directly describe the fierce battle scenes, but it leaves a very rich imagination space for people.
About the author: Lu Lun (748-800) was born in Hebangpu (now Yongji County, Shanxi Province). Poets in Tang Dynasty.