Half the river rustles and half the river is red.
Poor night of September 3rd,
Dewdrops are like pearls, and the moon is like a bow.
Until September 8th in Qiu Lai,
I spent all the flowers;
The incense array pervades Chang' an,
The city is full of golden flowers.
Since ancient times, every autumn has been sad and lonely.
I say autumn is better than spring.
In the clear sky, a crane is walking among the clouds.
It brought poetry to Bixiao.
The west wind blew all over the yard.
Cold butterflies are hard to get.
I want to be Di Qing next year.
Newspapers and peach blossoms open together.
The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.
Stop and sit in the maple forest late, and the frost leaves are red in February flowers.
Yujiaao
The scenery in Qiu Lai is different, and Hengyang Goose is unknown. Around, the sound of the horn sounded, thousands of miles away, and the long smoke closed.
A glass of turbid wine is Wan Li's home, but Ran Yan didn't return to his home, and frost grew all over the place. People don't sleep, and the general has white hair and tears.
Beautiful scenery and first frost at night,
Several trees are dark red and light yellow.
Try to go upstairs and find the bones,
Is it as crazy as spring?
Su mu zhe fan
Blue sky, yellow leaves, autumn colors, cold smoke, green waves. The mountain reflects the sun, the sky meets the water, and the grass is fragrant.
Ruthless, even beyond the sunset.
Dark homesickness, chasing travel, every night unless, good dreams make people sleep. The bright moon building is resting, and the wine is fragrant.
Sadness turned into tears of acacia.
Butterfly Hua Lian Yan Songshu
The threshold chrysanthemum worries about smoke and tears, the curtain is light and cold, and the swallows fly away. The bright moon doesn't know how to leave sorrow and hate bitterness, and shines obliquely through Zhuhu Lake. Last night, the west wind withered the trees, and I went up to the tall building alone and looked at the horizon. You have to send colorful stationery and rulers to know where the mountains are long and where the water is wide.
Liu Yong Yulinling
The cicadas in autumn are so sad and urgent, facing the pavilion, it is in the evening and a sudden rain has just stopped. Farewell outside Kyoto, but not in the mood to drink, reluctant to leave, the people on board have been urging to start. Holding hands and staring at tears, I am speechless! Missing thousands of miles of smoke and waves, the evening is heavy.
Since ancient times, feelings of sadness and parting are even more worthy of being left out in the cold. Where did you wake up from drinking tonight? There is a breeze on the bank of willow. This is a long time, people who love each other are not together, and I even expect to be satisfied with the good weather and scenery in name only. Even if it is full of emotions, who can enjoy it together?
Prelude to water melody
Autumn is getting stronger and stronger, and Jin Ju spreads the message of the first frost. The small window and the low door are deeply hidden in the chrysanthemum bushes, and the path twists and turns upwards and twists and turns. Ask the public what's on his mind, sit and watch as time goes by and his hair turns gray. Walking around Taihu Lake, the sky is clear, and the lake reflects bright rosy clouds.
Miss the past, wander, wander to the ends of the earth, but get nothing. Sweep again after returning three paths, and Matsuzaka will come to my house. But I hate the sad autumn wind that comes from time to time. The wild geese fly slowly in the clouds, and the sadness of the nomadic flute and the melodious sound of horseshoes are intertwined. Who can, like one in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, laugh and raise the yellow sand of the people's army that destroyed Hu?
Autumn in ancient poetry
Ancient poems are two bright pearls in China's literary world, which not only shone at that time, but also have unique aesthetic value now. Because it is short and pithy, easy to remember and memorize, it is widely spread and has nurtured generations of people who love writing. As far as its value is concerned, critics have long said that "poetry expresses ambition." "ambition" is the poet's thoughts, pursuits and interests, and it is the soul of poetry. Poetry is written to express the author's own thoughts, but the expression varies from person to person. Throughout the literary world, there are few lyrical expressions of "looking up at the sky and pressing your chest with your right hand", probably because literati prefer euphemistic and implicit expressions. Most poets and lyricists are good at mapping their feelings and thoughts with a variety of rich images, so appreciating works starts with images. Among many images, "autumn" is the one with the highest frequency. The author extracts some famous sentences full of "autumn", trying to explore the meaning of "autumn" from the expression effect.
Today, people often decorate "autumn" with "gold", which often brings people the hope of a bumper harvest. But in the eyes of China ancients, it seems that there are few such joys, only bleak autumn wind, withered vegetation and a cold scene. Therefore, when they need to express their sadness, they often turn to the calm image of "autumn".
First, don't hurt.
"There is no such thing as a banquet that never ends." Don't hate to leave sorrow, which has been a feeling that poets and poets can't give up since ancient times, so it is also the object they often chant. For example:
In the evening, I bid farewell to a guest on Xunyang River. Maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn. (Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip)
Since ancient times, the most sad thing for sentimental people is to leave, not to mention the bleak autumn, how can they stand the sadness. Who knows where I am when I am awake tonight? Yang Liuan, Xiao Feng and the waning moon. (Liu Yong's "Yulinling")
The above two cases are based on various bleak and cold autumn scenery to contrast and render the feelings of parting, and draw two vivid pictures of Qiu Jiang's parting.
Second, sigh
Sentimentality seems to be the nature of poets, and even ordinary autumn scenery often makes them sigh that time flies. For example:
I am often afraid that the autumn festival will come and the leaves of Kunhuanghua will wither. (Han Yuefu's "Long Songs")
The late rain did not destroy the palace tree, and the poor leaves were still holding cicadas. The short scenery returns to autumn, and the thoughts are connected with sorrow. (Shi Dazu's Jade Butterfly)
Vegetation withers, leaves fall back to their roots, the good times are gone, and the dead are so sad that they can't leave.
Third, homesickness
Wandering in a foreign land, "sadness is getting farther and farther." Home is their eternal concern. "Where is the synthesis of sadness? Autumn keeps people's hearts. " (Wu Wenying's Tang Duoling) is the most straightforward statement. There is also Ma Zhiyuan's famous song [Tianjingsha], which is known as "the father of Qiu Si": "The old vine cries faintly, the small bridge flows, and the old road is thin. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world. " Through the description of the autumn night scenery in the journey, it sets off a bleak and desolate artistic conception, and with the quiet atmosphere of people with small bridges and flowing water, it sets off the hesitation and sadness of those who have fallen into the end of the world and tells the bitterness of many wanderers! Another example is:
Gutai is always homesick in autumn. (Liu Changqing's "Autumn Climbing Map of Wu Jiangjun Temple")
Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness. (Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain)
Sanxiang Autumn Temple meets autumn colors, and my heart goes for three thousand miles, and my homesickness follows the bright moon. (Lu Lun's "Sleeping at Wuchang")
The sharp mountain by the sea is like a sword, and Qiu Lai cuts his heart everywhere. If you want to become hundreds of billions, you should go to the top to see your hometown. (Liu Zongyuan's "Haochu Watching the Mountain with the Lord and Sending Friends to Beijing")
Blue sky, yellow leaves, autumn colors, cold smoke, green waves. (Fan Zhongyan, "Su Curtain Covering")
All the above five situations attract homesickness with autumn colors, which is a model of autumn homesickness.
Fourth, pregnant women.
"Seeing things" is easy to cause people's acacia, and the "autumn eyes" of the ancients often evoke memories of relatives or people they admire. For example:
When I walk on a cool autumn night, I think of you and sing my poems. (Wei, "Send members up the mountain in autumn night")
I look for traces of human existence in autumn grass and watch the sunset slowly tilt in the cold forest. (Liu Changqing's "On Passing Changsha Jia Yijia")
The grassland is desolate, only autumn grass and stone animals. (Zhao Mengyue Wang E Tomb)
After relatives and friends left, they were alone, and now autumn scenery is desolate. How can this situation be called "sadness"? Jia Yi and Yue Fei were supposed to be model officials, but they were demoted and killed. The poet's deep sadness towards autumn scenery and the author's unparalleled sense of pain and injustice are beyond words, which is enough to make people cry.
The above four categories are all works of "sad autumn", but "autumn" and "sadness" are not necessarily related. In fact, "sadness" and "happiness" are two sides of the same coin. If there is sadness, there must be "happiness". Liu Yuxi once jumped out that "autumn has been lonely since ancient times, and I say autumn is not as good as spring" (autumn words).
Trees are all autumn, and mountains only have light. (Wang Ji's "Wild Hope")
It's worth flying at night when you meet a full moon. (Wang Ji's Autumn Night Encounter History)
Sadness is often the mood of dusk, and the mood is often the atmosphere of autumn. (Meng Haoran, "Deng Lanshan Qiu Lai Zhang")
The empty mountains are bathed in a new rain, and feel the early autumn at night. (Wang Wei's Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains)
The above sentences are beaming, showing a beautiful Qiu Jingtu and revealing the poet's desire to forget the secular and advocate seclusion.
To sum up, on the one hand, it is "sad for autumn" and on the other hand, it is "happy for autumn". Why is the contrast so big? It is not "autumn" that matters, but people's hearts. "Autumn" is just a catalyst. As the old saying goes, "All scenery is love." This tells us that when appreciating the scenery in literary works, we should try our best to guess the protagonist's mood to avoid misunderstanding.