Translation:
The poem Guanju is about the virtue of the queen. This is the first article in "National Style", which is used to educate the people in the world and make the relationship between husband and wife correct. Therefore, it is used in rural medicine to educate the people, and Wang Gong uses it to educate the minister.
"Wind", wind also, teaching also, the wind is moving, teaching is changing. Poets, with aspirations, have aspirations in their hearts, take poetry as their words, express their feelings with words, and have shortcomings in words. Therefore, they lament their shortcomings, so they chant their songs. They don't know how to dance with their hands and feet.
Emotion comes from sound, and sound is written as sound, which governs the vocal music of the world and its politics; The voice of troubled times is angry, and its politics is good; The voice of national subjugation grieves, and its people are trapped. Therefore, gain and loss, movement and the world, feeling and ghosts and gods are close to poetry. The former king learned from the husband and wife, became filial, virtuous, beautiful and civilized, and changed customs.
Therefore, poetry has six meanings: one is wind, the other is fu, the third is comparison, the fourth is prosperity, the fifth is elegance, and the sixth is ode. The upper part is weathered and the lower part is winded. The main text admonishes, the speaker is innocent, and the listener is warned, so it is called the wind. As for the decline of the monarch, the abolition of etiquette and righteousness, the loss of politics and religion, the foreign affairs of the country, and the strange customs of the family, the wind has changed and elegance has changed.
The history of the country has gained and lost traces, hurting the people and abolishing morality, lamenting the harshness of criminal politics, chanting family ties, following the wind to achieve great things, and cherishing its old customs. Therefore, the wind becomes sentimental and stops at comity. It is human nature to express feelings; Stop at courtesy and righteousness, and the first king's ze is also. It is based on the matter of a country and the foundation of one person, which is called the wind; It is an elegance to talk about everything and form a wind in all directions. Ya, yes, Wang said that it is also a waste. Politics is big and small, so there are few elegance. Praise, the description of beauty and virtue, is also told to the gods through its success. It means four beginnings, and poetry is the most important.
However, the change of Guanju and Linzhi was the wind of kings, so it was the Duke of Zhou. South, the word turns from north to south. The virtue of "Quechao" and "Li Yu" is also the wind of princes. The late king taught it because it was Zhao Gong. "Nan Zhou" and "Zhao Nan" are the starting point and the foundation of Wang Hua. Therefore, "Guanju" likes a lady to match a gentleman, but worries about a gentleman without being immoral. Sad and graceful, thinking only without hurting kindness. It also means Guan Ju.
Translation:
The poem "Wind" is used to satirize those who are above and educate the people at the bottom. Advise the monarch with euphemistic fables and educate the people with diligent instructions. Poetry is the emotion and ambition contained in people's hearts. What is hidden in the heart is called "ambition", and what is expressed as language is "poetry". If you are upset in your heart and can't hold back, you will express it in words. If the language is not enough, they will express it by sighing. If lamentation is not enough to express, use singing to express it; If singing is not enough to express it, you can't help but express it by dancing.
Emotion is expressed through the coordination of five tones, such as palace and Shanghai. The rhythm formed by the coordination of five tones is sound. The voice of ruling the world is peaceful and pleasant, and the social politics reflected is peaceful; The voice of troubled times is resentful and angry, reflecting the social and political surliness; The sadness of the voice of national subjugation reflects the hardships of the people's lives. Therefore, poetry is the most effective way to correct people's gains and losses, change the spirit of heaven and earth, and feel the meaning of ghosts and gods. It was used by the former king to govern husband and wife, to realize filial piety, honesty and humanity, to educate people with pure beauty, and to change customs.
Therefore, the Book of Songs has six meanings, one is wind, the other is fu, the third is comparison, the fourth is prosperity, the fifth is elegance, and the sixth is fu. You use "wind" to educate your subjects, and the subjects use "wind" to persuade you, implicitly and tactfully criticizing and persuading Yuefu's poems, so the speaker will not be convicted, and the listener can play a warning role, so it is called "wind". As for the decline of kingship, the abandonment of etiquette and law, the loss of politics and religion, the difference of political affairs of vassal States and the supernormal folk customs, there have been poems to change customs.
State historians can clearly distinguish the gains and losses of good and evil between monarch and ministers, lament the lightness of human relations, lament the harshness of promoting politics, write poems to chant the feelings in their hearts, and gently satirize and exhort monarch and ministers. This is the change of the world and the perception of old customs. Therefore, the poem "Changing the Style" is based on human feelings and ends with ceremony. Expressing people's feelings is to tell people's temperament; Stop at the ceremony, which means that the former king's virtue will flow to later generations. The politics of a country belongs to a person's original intention, so the poem written in this way is called "Wind"; Talking about the world's political affairs, observing and discovering the local conditions and customs in all directions, the poem made in this way is called "elegance". Elegance means righteousness, which means abolishing kingly politics. Politics is small and big, and there are "small" and "elegant". Ode is a magnificent form of praising the divine right of politics and religion, and sincerely warns the gods with the success of its political and religious style. Xiaoya, elegance and ode are called "four beginnings" together, and the implication of The Book of Songs reaches the extreme.
The enlightenment from Guanju to Linzhi was the wind of kings, so they all belonged to the Duke of Zhou and were all called Nan Zhou. The south means that the king's education spread from the north to the south. Virtue in "From the Que Nest to Li Yu" is the wind of princes, which was used by the former king to educate the people, so it belongs to Zhao Gong and is called Zhao Nan. "Nan Zhou" and "Zhao Nan" are the original road and the root of Wang Ye's weathering. Therefore, official residence means that you are willing to get a lady to match a gentleman, and you are worried about promoting a virtuous lady instead of indulging in beauty. Sadly, my gentle and graceful daughter didn't get a promotion, thinking that virtuous talents * * * work for gentlemen, so as not to hurt the good heart. This is the essence of this chapter of Guan Yu.
The above is the preface of Wang Xiumei's translation and annotation of The Book of Songs (all two volumes) by Zhonghua Book Company in 20 15. The original punctuation and translation of the above preface are based on the translator's understanding. In the annotated version of Mao's poems, there are words to solve problems before each poem, which is called "preface to poems". The ancients divided The Preface to Poetry into "big preface" and "small preface". There are four main opinions about the size of Preface to Poetry. 1. The preface to Guan Ju is the longest, which is collectively called the preface to poetry. Except Guanju, the preface before other chapters is called "small preface". Secondly, the preface to Guan Yu is divided into two sections, from Guan Yu and the virtue of empresses to the country, explaining the meaning of Guan Yu, also known as the "small preface", hereinafter referred to as the "big preface", which is used in the above article. Third, the first sentence before each poem is a small preface. Take Guanju as an example, it is Guanju, and the virtue of empresses is also a small order. The following is a big order, and other articles are also divided into big orders and small orders. The fourth view holds that there is no difference in the order of poems. The order before Guan Ju is not only Guan Ju's poems, but also the whole article.
At present, the first and second expressions are most commonly used, while the third and fourth expressions are rarely used. Here, use the second expression. In addition, Zhu's statement was unique in the Song Dynasty. He thinks that Guan Ju, the Virtue of Empresses, comes from Wind and Change, and the change of Guan Ju Lin is the "preface" at the end of the article, and the poet in the middle is also "ambition"
Because Preface to Mao Poetry is the most important basis for future generations to interpret poetry, a comprehensive understanding of it is of great benefit to our reading and interpretation of poetry. As the general preface of Mao's poems, The Preface to Guan Ju first talks about how poems came into being, emphasizing that human emotions are the source of poems, and that "the inside must be shaped outside", and human emotions must be gradually and strongly expressed through words, sighs, singing, dancing and other forms. Then, it puts forward many theoretical problems related to poetry, such as "six meanings", "positive change" and "beauty thorn", which is instructive for us to study and understand these poems. Preface to Mao's Poems puts forward incisive views on the relationship between poetry and ambition, ambition and emotion, the role of poetry in life and the relationship between poetry and politics, which has played a positive role in later poetry creation. However, there are also many theories that must be distinguished.
The above is a brief introduction to the content of Preface to Mao Poems, which will be explained in detail later. There is also a question about the author of the preface, and those who are interested can pay attention to it.
PS:
The Preface to Poetry mentioned above is all the versions of Preface to Poetry in Mao Shi Hua, but it should be noted that this does not mean that the authors of Preface to Poetry are Mao Heng and Achyranthes bidentata. The origin of Preface to Poetry is much longer, and its author is still inconclusive.
Related contents of the previous Book of Songs:
Classification of Elegant Odes in The Book of Songs (Ⅱ)
On the Classification of Elegant Odes in The Book of Songs
The Origin of The Book of Songs