Teaching plan of "Jing Ke Stabbed the King of Qin" in senior high school Chinese
Teaching objectives
1. Accumulate the classical Chinese words in the text and sort them out.
2. Analyze and appreciate the image of Jing Ke.
Teaching focus
1. Accumulate the usage of classical Chinese words such as "Gu", "Jiu" and "Fa".
2. Learn how to express the character in conflict.
Teaching difficulties
How to evaluate the significance of Jing Ke stabbing Qin?
Course arrangement 3 class hours
teaching process
first kind
Once in class
The screen shows couplets: please think about the historical figures written in the following couplets.
(1) Integrity and keep a positive spirit.
You, I am angry, I wrote a history of faith.
2 Tang poetry wine is unparalleled.
Qing Lian Fang Garden 1
(3) writing ghosts and writing demons is superior.
Thorn, greed and abuse
(4) One poem, two tables and three tripods
Wu, a thousand years old.
(5) rich in mind, a generation of high fame.
Sadness is greater than death in the heart, and a thousand years of beans sink in Tai Su.
The first five couplets are Sima Qian, Li Bai, Pu Songling, Zhuge Liang and Fan Zhongyan. So, please have a look,
6. Being in a wolf state, ambitious people live or die.
In my mind, Xiao Gu Gu Liu? What about historical figures? Yes, it is the tomb couplet of Jing Ke in Xianyang. Today, we will walk into that dusty time and feel the past that was treading on thin ice. (blackboard writing topic)
Second, know people.
Jing Ke, born in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (Yaoli, Zhuan Xu, Jing Ke), was originally from Qi, and later moved to Wei. His real name was Zhuang Ke, and he changed his name to Jing Ke after he arrived in Yan. He likes reading and fencing, and is good at making friends with famous soldiers.
Three. enter
The story took place at the end of the Warring States Period in 227 BC, that is, the general trend of Qin's unification of the whole country has been set, and the weak Yan State is also at stake. In order to resist Qiang Qin's massive attack, Yan Taizi Dan wanted to send warriors to hijack the king of Qin, "announce the land of princes" and avenge himself as a hostage in the State of Qin. If it fails, Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, will be assassinated, causing chaos in the country, and then the governors will unite to break the Qin Dynasty. To this end, Taizi Dan first looked for Tian Guang of Yan State, a wise SHEN WOO. However, Tian Guang was too old to complete the trust of Taizi Dan, so he recommended Jing Ke to Taizi Dan. Tian Guang committed suicide to keep a secret. The story of Jing Ke stabbing the king of Qin happened in this background. After the defeat, the State of Qin attacked the State of Yan on a large scale and destroyed it in 222 BC.
Third, solve the problem.
The Warring States Policy is a compilation of historical materials of the Warring States compiled and revised by Liu Xiang, a scholar of the Western Han Dynasty, and it is a national history book. This book records some political, military and diplomatic activities of various countries during the 230-40 years of the Warring States Period, focusing on the strategies and remarks of counselors. The language is fluent, and the image of taking notes is vivid. This book has 33 articles and 12 strategies.
The content of the Warring States Policy mainly records the political opinions and intrigues of counselors and military strategists from various countries during the Warring States period when they lobbied princes or held discussions and debates, and also records the behaviors of some just men and heroes who are not afraid of violence and have the courage to struggle. When describing historical events, The Warring States Policy exaggerated the role of counselors and military strategists, sometimes to highlight the decisive role of lobbyists in historical events, and even fabricated some plots, which inevitably violated the historical truth. He is good at argument and narration, and his writing is fluent and vivid, which occupies an important position in the history of China's prose.
Fourth, the overall perception:
1, play reading, dredge the problem of reading words and sentences.
Quenching (copper? ) pity (wǔ) sign (zhǐ) position (b? ) pawn (c? ) mention (dǐ) build (chu ā ng) "(zh? N) Fan Yu (wū) Xia Wuqie (jū)
2. Students retell the story of the article and straighten out the structure of Jing Ke stabbing Qin Wang:
Part one? Start (1? The dilemma of survival
Part two? Development (3? out of stuck
Part three? High tide (10? Put all the eggs in one basket.
Part four? The end (the last paragraph): the breakthrough failed.
3. According to the notes below the text, students read the text carefully and understand the details of the text.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) assigns homework.
Thinking after class:
1. What are the personalities of Jing Ke and Taizi Dan?
2. Why did Jing Ke fail to stab the King of Qin?
3. What do you think of Jing Ke stabbing the king of Qin?
Second lesson
First, review, consolidate and introduce new lessons.
Second, combing the knowledge of classical Chinese.
1, a generic word.
The king of Qin must say "Yue" when he sees the minister. Happy.
Let the workers quench with drugs and let them pass, cu? Quench, burn the blade red and soak it in water.
The day is over, and "already" has passed.
However, the shame of Yan Jianling is not only Yiling, but also "Ling" and humiliation.
If you don't go back today, you will.
Please resign and say goodbye.
The prince was really full of the power of the king. He was shocked and shocked.
Set up nine guests and pass on "Bi" and "Best Man" (b and b: Nxi? Ng), the person who welcomes guests and pays tribute. Hey, old b? n .
See the poor dagger, "the moment".
The king of Qin returned to the column and passed through the "ring".
Jing Ke received a letter from Fan, saying it was "entrusted".
Sudden death is sudden death, c? In a hurry, suddenly
2. Polysemy
about
(1) The third person pronoun, "he (they)"/"it (they)" makes the workers use medicine to quench it/wishes the king to borrow less.
(2) structural auxiliary words, "de"/no translation, so the prince asked for the dagger of the world and got the dagger of Mrs. Zhao.
(3) Auxiliary words, which cancel the sentence independence between subject and predicate and do not translate General Qin, have profound implications.
but
(1) conjunctions, table turn today without a letter, qin is not amiable.
(2) conjunctions, table juxtaposition Today there is a word that can relieve Yan's suffering and avenge the general, such as?
(3) Conjunction, which means lying on the corpse crying/Jing Ke singing/quoting quotations/Qin Wang walking/leaning against the bar laughing.
(4) Conjunction, indicating that the minister's left hand reaches the sleeve and his right hand reaches the chest/So Jing Ke drove away/Poor and dagger.
(5) Conjunction, the table shows the revenge of the general, and the shame of seeing the tomb is removed.
along with
(1) preposition, because General Fan came to Dan in poverty, Dan couldn't bear to take advantage of it/so Jing Ke chased the king of Qin, but the feeling was nasty, but he couldn't beat him.
(2) Preposition, which is used to make workers quench their medication/but beat/wait on the doctor Xia Wuqie holding his medicine bag with their hands.
(3) Prepositions, in order.
(4) I am exhausted.
(5) Conjunction, indicating the purpose, "Come"/Send it all without translation/Dare not dispatch troops refuse the king/Then pull it to attack Jing Ke.
⑥ Conjunction, table decorated with baskets to scold Yue
for
(1) the verb, do, provisions are sent to Jing Ke.
(2) Prepositions are killed by parents.
(3) preposition, for (Zhi Dou) in the first said.
that
(1) the third person pronoun, he/it (they) (of) all its land/doubt it has repented/sword long, fuck its room.
Demonstrative pronouns, then people live in the distant future.
Poor; poor
(1), there is no end to it.
(2) General Fan, who put all his eggs in one basket, arrived in Dan with poverty.
(3) Never put off till tomorrow what you can.
(4) crossing, turning back, trying to be poor.
3. Key notional words:
pay attention to
Look back, look
(2) consider, consider.
visit
(4) on the contrary, but ∕ but, just.
⑤ Don't
leave out
1) boundary
② passing by
③ Patrol and patrol
(4) invasion and occupation
honest
If, if
Indeed, indeed
hair
① open
② Set out.
as soon as...
① Success
(2) board the ship and leave.
4 Different meanings in ancient and modern times:
Looking up at the sky, crying, the ancient meaning: tears. Meaning: snot.
General Fan returned to Danguyi with a poor heart. Modern significance: living in poverty and economic difficulties.
Dan can't bear to be selfish and hurt the old man. Today's meaning: the elderly.
Does the general care about the ancient meaning: he has a heart, agrees and is willing. Meaning: Today means "intentionally".
The encounter between Qin and a general can be described as deep affection: ancient meaning: treat each other. Today's meaning: meeting and touching.
Deep: ancient meaning: engraved with today's meaning: deep, as opposed to "shallow"
So the prince asked for the benefit of the world in advance, dagger ancient meaning: at this time, today's meaning; Express a relationship or mention another thing.
In the end, I have ignored the old meaning: I don't look back; I don't care, I don't think, I don't care.
Left and right is the ancient meaning: the guards around the emperor.
Today's meaning: two directions; Or table general scope; Sometimes this means control.
Today, there is a sentence that can solve the ancient meaning of Yan Ku: it can be used to omit "can".
Meaning: indicates possibility, ability and permission.
The ancient meaning of gold and gold purchased by the king of Qin: refers to the general name of metal, and this article refers to copper. Modern significance: especially gold.
5. Flexible use of parts of speech:
(1) The noun of soldiers entering the DPRK is an adverbial, facing north.
(2) The nouns in the letters are adverbials, and boxes are used.
(3) The former is Xie Yue's locative noun as a verb, and he took a step forward.
(4) Fan, the original Japanese locative noun, is used flexibly as a verb and takes a step forward.
⑤ Almost the same as before.
(6) The adjective far away is used as a noun, far away.
(7) Use the verb "Wang Da" to make? I heard you.
(8) The usage of the adjective "Prince Chi" is conative. It is too late.
(9) Use the noun above as an adverbial, upward.
(10) the usage of adjectives in princes, with? Strange.
(1 1) A dustpan is like a dustpan, with an adverbial of a curse noun.
(12) Qin Bing immediately crossed the Yishui noun as an adverbial.
(13) trying to live, using the adjectives life and robbery as adverbials.
(14) The prince and the guests who knew about it were all dressed in white: famous artists, dressed in white clothes and white hats.
(15) the ambassador heard the king's words: move, make? Smell and tell
(16) is a royal costume, and there are nine guests: they are famous for their moving and wearing royal costumes.
(17) Qin Bing crossed Yishui at dusk.
6. Special sentence patterns in classical Chinese:
(1) sentence
The minister gnashed his teeth day and night.
Those who go today and don't object are also vertical.
The servants are very talented. They treat our guests in every way.
If you can't do something, you want to rob it with your life.
(2) Elliptic sentences
The king of Qin bought (used) a thousand catties (omitting the preposition "used")
Take (take) one hundred gold (omit the preposition "take")
Desire to be with ... (omit preposition object and predicate)
Please enjoy my guests (same as above)
All (wear) white clothes to send (omit the predicate)
Its people live in the distant future, but it is reserved for (it)
(Straight) was first said by the King of Qin (ditto).
It's (wearing) royal clothes, and there are nine guests (omit the predicate)
See Yan Mi (Yu) Xianyang Palace (omit preposition)
Put (it) before the rest (omit the pun)
Those who serve in the temple are not allowed to hold the ruler's soldiers (omit prepositions)
Present to the king of Qin (omit prepositions)
In the ranks of princes (omit prepositions)
And (through) Qin law? (omitted according to the context)
Your Highness Quan Chen (Yu) (omitting prepositions)
(3) Passive sentences
Parents and families, all for slaughter.
Yan Jianling's shame is over.
(4) Inverted sentences
Often hurt the bone marrow (preposition object phrase postposition)
Wei Jia first spoke to the king of Qin (followed by prepositional phrases and object phrases)
The prince of Yan was sent to the imperial court.
Put the end in front (prepositional phrase in the back)
The prince and his guests know about it.
A group of priests went to the temple.
The king of Qin bought a thousand pounds and a million families.
7, classical Chinese fixed structure:
The first step is to respect each other, but you/you want to wait for a long time on the first step, so how can you get it?
Is there anything to use? I must repay the prince.
what can I do? I heard that General Jin advanced and there were thousands of households in the city. What can I do?
What if there is a sentence today that can solve the problem of Yan State and avenge the general?
But in this way, then the general will have been enemies, and the shame of strictly seeing the tomb will be eliminated.
Right now. This is right now.
Not long after, I haven't sent it.
So what's the reason? Why did the servant stay and treat my guests with everything and fail?
Nothing is useful. The king of Qin took Jing Ke as the method, but it was difficult for a pawn to strike it.
The verb "suo"+Jing Ke has something to do, etc. means: Yes? People (things). After "suo", it often forms the structure of "suo" with verbs and serves as the object of "you".
Huh? The general is interested in rhetorical questions, isn't he? ..... How?
Huh? You don't want to ask a rhetorical question, do you? Do you know that?/You know what?
8. Idioms and allusions
(1) gnash your teeth: This article is also called "gnashing your teeth and rotting your heart". Describe resentment to the extreme.
(2) Gone forever: out of this article. Once you leave, you will never come back. Later, it was also called a person or became a thing of the past. Hao's poem "Yellow Crane Tower": "The yellow crane will never return to the world, and the white clouds will never fly."
(3) Horrible crown: Zhuangzi? Stealing feet: "Stealing athlete's foot is like a star. Put your finger on it. "The way hair stands up. Describe extreme anger. In the article, "all scholars have true eyes and their hair is crowned" is a dark quotation.
④ See Figure Poor Dagger: This article. Metaphor means that in the end, the truth or intention is revealed.
(5) Nothing to do: tell this article. I can't, I can't think. It means that things have come to this, and there is nothing you can do about it.
(6) elegy strikes the building: also known as "elegy is easy to water". Write this article. Often used to express a tragic and desolate atmosphere.
Third, the class summary
Fourth, homework
Let the students think about whether Jing Ke's failure in stabbing Qin was accidental or inevitable.
The third category
I. Analysis of the article
1. Discuss whether Jing Ke's failure in stabbing Qin was accidental or inevitable.
2. Please draw the sentences written by Jing Ke, King of Qin, and the ministers in the text, and compare who has less ink:
Jing Ke:
Because the left hand holds the sleeve of the king of Qin and the right hand holds the dagger. Not the body-
Jing Ke exiled the king of Qin.
Jing Ke abandoned it and led his dagger to stab the king of Qin, but missed, hitting the upright post. -
Hit by eight. -
He leaned against the post, smiled and stood on his back cursing, saying, "Those who don't do things will rob them with their lives and must make a pact to repay the prince."
King Qin:
The king of Qin was surprised. Since he started, he had no sleeves. Draw the sword, the sword is long, and fuck its room. In a hurry, the sword is tied and can't be pulled out. -
The king of Qin returned the pillar and left-
The king of Qin left with a stick of incense, but he was in a hurry and didn't know what to do-
Then he drew his sword and hit Jing Ke, breaking his left thigh.
The king of Qin attacked again-
The king of Qin fainted for a long time.
Ministers:
The ministers were shocked, and in a fright, they lost their senses. -
The pawn was eager to hit the car, but he hit it with his hand. -
Attending physician Xia Wuqie used the medicine bag he showed. -
The left and right said, "Wang holds a sword! Wang negative sword! " -
Left and right both before, cut Jing Ke.
Conclusion Jing Ke's calligraphy is inferior to that of Qin Wang and his ministers.
3. Does this arrangement violate the focus of Jing Ke's stabbing Qin?
Obviously, The Warring States Policy is good at describing plots and scenes, so it is written in detail in places like General Fan's offering the head, Jing Ke's farewell and Xiao's farewell. However, in the assassination process, it was not how Jing Ke assassinated, but the panic of the king of Qin. To solve this problem, we might as well look at Jing Ke's method of stabbing the king of Qin and find the answer.
4. Please watch Jing Ke's movements and language again:
Clear (reason)? Hey? (Not at the body) One by one? (obsolete) citation? Mention (miss)? Rely on? abuse
5. It can be seen that Jing Ke's swordsmanship is not very exquisite, but why did Jing Ke fascinate the king of Qin for a long time?
A clear review of Jing Ke's series of performances on the court can find the answer:
"Wu Yang color shock fear, ministers blame it. Jing Ke laughed at Wuyang,-
Jing Ke's kung fu is not superb, but his courage is extraordinary! A smile describes Jing Ke's composure, a smile describes the fearless atmosphere, and a scolding describes Jing Ke's momentum! And Jing Ke's identity is just an envoy of a dying small country. However, it is this fearless spirit and momentum that shocked the princes and ministers above the Qin Temple! So it plays an important role in Jing Ke's characterization.
6. Tao Yuanming once wrote in the poem "Ode to Jing Ke" that "it's a pity that the swordsmanship is sparse and the achievements have not been achieved". It can be seen that Jing Ke's failure to stab Qin has become an eternal regret, but is this accidental? Some students said that if the sleeves of the King of Qin were of better quality, maybe heaven and earth would be very different, which had nothing to do with Jing Ke's fencing. what do you think?
Is it clear whether we can find the hint of this ending in the description of the article?
(1) If Jing Ke wants to stay, he should keep up with everything. In the future, he will stay even if he lives far away. ? We read and wait;
(2) The prince was late and suspected of repentance. He asked, "Time is running out. Is Jing Qing careless?" ? We read about doubt;
(3) Jing Ke was furious and scolded the Prince: "It is also right to go today without looking back. I'm going to Qiang Qin with a dagger, so I'll stay with you and treat you as a guest. The prince is late today, please resign! " ? We read our mortal beliefs and impulsive feelings;
(4) The prince and the guests who knew about it were all given to them for nothing. The sound of "the wind is rustling and the water is cold, and the strong man is gone forever"? We read the sadness and sadness of parting;
Summing up the above description seems to imply that the feat of Jing Ke's trip will surely end in tragedy.
7. Can we find the same hint from other descriptions?
specific
(1) Qin Wuyang, twelve years old, killing people, people dare not and heart. ? By the way, your highness, is Qin Wuyang afraid of color change and shock? Ministers blame it;
(2) Jing Ke stabbed the king? There is a sword behind your majesty.
To sum up, Qin Wuyang is such a brave man, but he was shocked under Qin Dian, which shows the majesty of fighting. The wonder of the princes, the negative sword of the king of Qin went to court, shows that the Qin Dynasty had a heart to guard against it, not an unintentional one.
8. One person disappeared in the assassination. Who is it?
It is obvious that Qin Wuyang is a failure.
9. Can we find some regrets now?
Make it clear that if Qin Wang's sleeves keep up, if Qin Wuyang is not accompanying him but a guest in Jing Ke, if Jing Ke throws more accurately, if Jing Ke can wait for the guest-
10, where did Jing Ke fail to stab Qin?
Qingling!
1 1, from "General, are you interested?" "Jing Qing has no intention?" Are there any similarities between General Fan and the death of Jing Ke?
Obviously, "are you interested" means "do you have this will", which implies a positive guess and an emotional incitement;
"Unintentional" means "I don't have this will", which conveys a negative suspicion and an emotional distrust! The ending of two people, one is to take the initiative to "commit suicide" and accept it frankly; One is the impulse of "furious and reckless", which shows that their behaviors are similar to those of ancient chivalrous men. But one is that reason has the upper hand, and the other is that emotion has the upper hand. Success or failure can be seen.
Second, explore hidden places.
(1) Summarize the characters of Jing Ke and Taizi Dan?
1, Jing Ke:
First of all, Jing Ke's wisdom:
See Fan's Private.
"Waiting" before the assassination
Seeking Meng Jiazhi's "Heritage"
"Laughter" of Qin Wuyang's earthquake fear
Secondly, Jing Ke's courage:
Jing Ke: Ancient Yang Xiaowu
Bravely chase the king of Qin against the fence and laugh at him and scold him.
Wuyang: color change and fear (side foil)
Qin Wang: dazed for a long time (positive description)
abstract
Jing Ke is rough and heroic, calm and brave, not afraid of sacrifice, and leisurely. Although the assassination of the king of Qin failed, his indomitable and generous spirit of going to disaster still inspires people after thousands of years.
2. Taizi Dan:
First of all, Taizi Dan's ambition: to complete his contribution to a "thorn" to fight against Qiang Qin and defend his country;
Secondly, the selfishness of Taizi Dan: I want to stab Qin to death, and I want to stab Qin Wei for my indifference and revenge;
Third, the urgency of Taizi Dan: in the uncertain autumn, I want to break through the predicament and force Jing Ke to start;
Fourth, the feelings of Taizi Dan: I cried over the corpse and couldn't bear to say goodbye to Xiao.
To sum up, although Taizi Dan has great ambitions, his mind is not broad enough. Although he has the heart to govern the country, he lacks the skills to govern the country. Although he can attach importance to love and righteousness, he is suspicious at heart. Therefore, such Taizi Dan can't bear the heavy responsibility of the fate of Yan State.
(2) Tao Yuanming's "Jing Ke Fu" said that "a gentleman is a bosom friend, and a sword goes out of Yanjing". Do you agree with this statement? Why?
Obviously, from the perspective of knowing people, Taizi Dan did not fully understand Jing Ke's determination, quality, strategy and temperament, and the two sides could not be called "bosom friends".
Performance: Jing Ke wants to entertain guests, and Taizi Dan suspects that he repents;
Prince Taizi Dan blamed Qin Wuyang in advance. Jing Ke angrily denounced Taizi Dan, angrily hit the road.
Essence: Taizi Dan's impatient words and deeds reflect his short-sightedness and narrow-mindedness, and he has no chance of winning Jing Ke's careful consideration;
Jing Ke thundered against Taizi Dan's strong-willed personality and impulsiveness on the road. Can't bear the burden of humiliation, which shows his conceit and irrationality.
So the relationship between Jing Ke and Taizi Dan is obviously not a friend of a gentleman.
(3) How to evaluate the significance of Jing Ke stabbing Qin?
What are the ancient people's comments on Jing Ke?
Criticism: Su Shi: "A troubled beginning"
Bao Biao: "I don't know enough."
Zhu: "A man's courage is not enough."
Affirmation: Sima Qian: "His intention is quite natural and he will not deceive his ambition. Be praised by later generations. How dare you be so rude? "
Zuo Si: "Although there is no strong man's day, it is also very different from the world." "Although it is self-deprecating, it is as important as a thousand."
Tao Qian: "Although he is gone, he has been affectionate for thousands of years."
abstract
According to Records of the Historian Biography of Assassins, "Jing Ke loves reading and fencing", which shows that Jing Ke has a chivalrous character. Mr. Han, an expert in historical records of Beijing Normal University, believes that Jing Ke is a chivalrous, courageous and calm chivalrous man. We found that Jing Ke's feat of stabbing Qin was more out of hatred for the national enemy than the entanglement of revenge for private and revenge for public. So his significance lies in resisting Qin. Therefore, people have admired Jing Ke for thousands of years because of his chivalrous spirit of sympathizing with the weak and resisting violence. However, Jing Ke's resistance to Qin was due to the small righteousness of a country, and the unification of the world by the king of Qin was a great sense of progress from the world. Therefore, this is not only the historical limitation of Jing Ke, but also the limitation of the times.
Fourth, class summary: See the summary above.
Verb (short for verb) Task:
Sixth, blackboard design
The emperor and the assassin
Conspiracy in the warring States period
Jing Ke's wisdom and courage
Taizi Dan's ambition, selfishness, urgency and affection.
Stab Qin Wei for public, private, affection and righteousness.