1. Appreciation of stereotyped classical poems
Chuzhouxigou
Wei Wuying [Tang Dynasty]
Alone, grass grows by the stream, and orioles sing on the trees.
The spring tide brought the rain late and urgent, and there was no boat on the wild crossing.
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When the author was appointed as the secretariat of Chuzhou, he traveled in Xixi Chuzhou and wrote this poem. Although this poem is about ordinary scenery, it has become a legal animation with deep artistic conception after being touched by the poet. It also contains the helplessness and sadness that the poet can't use when he is not in place, that is, the author's injustice to his talent.
The first two sentences are spring scenery, love the quiet grass, despise the oriole, which is a metaphor for celebration and avoid flattery; The last two sentences describe the urgency of spring tide with rain and the scene of water rushing over the boat, which contains a kind of helpless sadness that is not in place and cannot be used. The whole poem reveals a calm mind and sad feelings.
Poetry about the scenery in late spring. "I am alone in the grass, and there are orioles singing in the tree." In other words, the poet only likes the quiet grass growing by the stream, and there are orioles singing in the depths of the shade. This is an elegant scenery where beautiful colors and beautiful music are intertwined. At the end of spring, the crowd had passed, and the poet wandered to the stream, only to find a piece of grass growing. Here, the quiet grass and deep trees reveal the cold realm. Although they are not as charming as flowers, their green posture, their self-indulgent loneliness, their rejection out of tune with the times, and the author's quiet personality naturally won the poet's love. The word "solitary pity" here is full of emotion, which is the poet's unique feeling. It reveals the author's carefree and peaceful state of mind. Wang Anshi wrote the sentence "When grass is greener than flowers", and he wrote the scene of early summer with the same intention. The first sentence, write quietly; The second sentence reads. The warbler twittered along the bushes. Yingying seems to have broken the silence and leisure just now, but in fact it has caused deeper ripples in the poet's quiet heart. There is a word "Shang" in front of the second sentence, which means not only the temporal and spatial transfer of objective scenery, but also the magnanimity and openness of the poet.
The next two sentences focus on the wilderness and wilderness scenery. Although the scenery is different, it still develops according to this sentiment: "Spring tides bring rain late and rush, and there is no boat to cross the wild." In the evening, the spring tide rises and the spring rain falls, and the Xijiang River suddenly sees fast. The rural ferry, which was originally desolate and indifferent, is getting harder and harder to find people at the moment. Only empty boats drift with the waves. The word "belt" is used between "spring tide" and "rain", as if rain came with the tide, closely linking two unrelated things, and writing the dynamics of tide and rain with the word "urgency". The last sentence. Use the word "nobody" to explain the "wild" of the ferry. The situation described in the two poems is somewhat bleak, but the word "self" reflects leisure and complacency. Wei's good use of the word "zi" in his poems can be understood as "freedom" and "nature", which includes the meanings of "self-appreciation" and "self-pity". The sentence "wild crossing" is explained like this. Otherwise, it is a violation of a sentence or two. These two sentences set off a leisurely and quiet scene with the trend of flying and flowing. It can be said that there are pictures in the poem and feelings in the scene.
Whether this poem has a sustenance or not, and what is the implication, has been debated endlessly. Lao Zhu thinks that this poem has political sustenance, saying that it is written as the image of "gentleman below, villain above", which contains a kind of helpless sadness that is not in place and cannot be used, but it is too complicated to justify itself. Some people think that "there is no need to entrust the scenery of Xixi to this couple." In fact, the emotions revealed in the poem are looming. At the beginning, when you mentioned Youcao and Orioles side by side, the poet used the word "lonely pity", which clearly showed the poet's state of mind when he was poor and sober, and he did not flatter him very much. The last two sentences contain a feeling of helplessness, anxiety and sadness that he is not in office and cannot be used. Poets write scenes with feelings. They use scenes to express their feelings, write their likes and dislikes, and talk about their likes and dislikes. However, inner peace and emotional sadness naturally show up. This poem expresses the author's love for life.
2. Appreciation of thousands of classic poems
Quatrain
Du Fu [Tang Dynasty]
"Two orioles sing green willows, and egrets cover the sky."
My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to ships sailing eastward.
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This poem "Jueju" was written when the poet lived in Huanhuaxi Caotang, Chengdu, and described the beautiful spring scenery around the Caotang.
Poetry cuts in with vibrant natural beauty, creating a fresh and relaxed atmosphere. In the first two sentences, the poet described this beautiful scene in an implicit way from different angles. Cui is new green, which is the color when everything recovers and germinates in early spring. "Two" and "one" are relative; Horizontal and vertical, it opens a very beautiful natural landscape. In this poem, the word "Ming" is the most vivid, and the oriole is described more vividly by anthropomorphic methods, and a hundred birds are paired, which constitutes a picture full of vitality and festive atmosphere. The oriole sings on the willow, which is the vitality of moistening things quietly. The next sentence uses more obvious movements to write the vitality of nature. Egrets flying in this fresh sky is not only a comfort of freedom, but also an upward struggle. Furthermore, the first sentence says that the oriole sings on the willow, and the next sentence says that the egrets fly to the sky, which broadens the space a lot. From bottom to top, from near to far, the poet's tangible vitality fills the whole environment and shows the prosperity of early spring from another angle.
In the third sentence, "The window contains autumn snow in Xiling", the poet looks out of the window, because the air is fresh and the sun is shining in early spring, and he can see the snow-capped mountains in Xiling. The last two sentences have pointed out that it was early spring, and the autumn snow in winter wanted to melt, giving readers a moist feeling. There is a word "containing" between "window" and "snow" in this sentence, which shows that when the first snow melts, moisture wets the frozen window lattice in winter, which can better write the poet's feelings about the vitality with moisture in early spring. "Xiling" means that when the first snow in front of the window melts, the poet thinks of Xiling near the thatched cottage and the long snow on Xiling Mountain, and replaces the residual snow on the window with the snow on Xiling Mountain, which makes the artistic conception more extensive. In addition, the poet has the ambition to serve the country since he was a teenager. After decades of obstacles, he finally had the opportunity to re-exhibit, and the years of war were put down. This is the same as the poet's thought of Xiling when he saw the melting snow in front of the window, and replaced the residual snow on the window with the Millennium snow on the ridge, thus giving the poet a stubborn sense of melting snow.
The last sentence further described Du Fu's complicated mood at that time. When the ship came from "Wu Dong", this sentence means that the war has been decided, the traffic has resumed, and the poet misses his hometown when he sees things. The use of the word "berth" has its profound meaning. Du Fu has been wandering for many years without landing. Although there is still a little hope in his heart, that hope has been greatly reduced. The word "Bo" just describes the poet's complex mood between hope and disappointment. While "Wan Li" implies the difficulty of achieving the goal, which is juxtaposed with "Qian Qiu" in the third sentence and describes the difficulty of achieving the goal in time and space. Sun Quan of the Three Kingdoms has been praised by many scholars as the wise master since ancient times. The author refers to Sun Quan as the representative of Dongwu, alluding to Du Fu's hope for the emperor of the dynasty. The combination of "Bo", "Wan Li" and "Dongwu Ship" is precisely to write the word "Nan".
The whole poem seems to be four independent scenes, but the poet's inner feelings make its content consistent, and the fresh and elegant scenery entrusts the poet's inner complex emotions and forms a unified artistic conception. At first, he showed the spring scenery of the thatched cottage, and the poet's mood was Tao Ran. However, with the wandering of sight and the change of scenery, the appearance of river boats touched his homesickness. On the surface, it is a vibrant picture, but in the cheerful and bright scene, it entrusts the poet with the loss of time, loneliness and boredom, and also writes the poet's complex mood when there is a glimmer of hope. Beyond that kind of hope, it is more the poet's sadness about disappointment.
3. Appreciation of thousands of classic poems
Heiweipai
Tang Dynasty: Liu Yuxi
There are some weeds blooming by the Suzaku Bridge, and there is only sunset at the corner of Wuyi Lane.
Swallows under the eaves of Wang Dao and Xie An have now flown into the homes of ordinary people.
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Wuyi Xiang is a famous poem written by Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, which is obscure but obscure. It is one of the five wonders of Jinling. The poet has never been to Jinling and has been longing for this ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. It happened that a friend showed him five poems describing Jinling's historic sites, and he took the opportunity to write five poems. Wuyi Lane used to be the most prosperous place where nobles lived in the Six Dynasties. Now the famous Suzaku Bridge is overgrown with weeds, and there are no cars and horses in and out of Wuyi Lane. Only the setting sun slanted on the deep wall of the past.
The first sentence is "Wild grass flowers beside Suzaku Bridge", which spans the Qinhuai River in Nanjing and is the only way from downtown to Wuyi Lane. The bridge and Wuyi Lane on the south bank of the river are not only geographically adjacent, but also historically related. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wuyi Township was a inhabited area of Tujia people in Gaomen, where Wang Dao, the founding father, and Xie An, who commanded the Battle of Feishui, lived. The heavy building decorated with two bronze finches on the ancient bridge was built by Xie An. Literally, Suzaku Bridge is even opposite Wuyi Lane. Using Suzaku Bridge to sketch the environment of Wuyi Lane not only conforms to the geographical reality, but also creates the aesthetic feeling of antithesis and evokes relevant historical associations. It is the choice of "killing three birds with one stone". What is striking in the sentence is the wild flowers overgrown with weeds by the bridge. The grass grows and flowers bloom, indicating that spring has arrived. Putting the word "wild" in front of "grass flowers" adds a lonely atmosphere to the scenery. In addition, these weeds and wild flowers grow beside the busy Suzaku Bridge, which reminds us that they may contain profound meanings.
I remember that the author once used "weeds" as a symbol of decline in the poem "Thousands of Families Become Weeds" ("Taicheng"). Now, in this poem, "weeds and flowers" are highlighted in this way, which shows that the once prosperous Suzaku Bridge has become desolate and deserted today!
The second sentence, "Sunset at the entrance of Wuyi Lane", shows that Wuyi Lane is not only set in the background of the dilapidated and desolate ancient bridge, but also presented in the afterglow of the sunset. The word "oblique" in the sentence corresponds to the word "flower" in the previous sentence. As a verb, it is the dynamic of writing the scene. "Sunset", the sunset in the west, and then click the word "oblique" to highlight the bleak scene of the sunset. Wuyi Lane, which was originally in its heyday, should have returned home with clothes on. Now, with a touch of oblique light, the author completely enveloped Wuyi Lane in a lonely and desolate atmosphere.
After comparing the environment and rendering the atmosphere, it seems that it is time to describe the changes in Wuyi Lane in a positive way and express the author's feelings. However, the author did not use too shallow writing methods, such as "Who lives in Wuyi Lane, looking back makes people remember" (Sun's "Wu Yi Lane Fu"), "Nowhere to find a house, falling flowers and singing birds in Liling Spring" (anonymous) and so on; Instead, with the help of the description of the scenery, he continued to write a well-known sentence: "The old Wang Xietang died and flew into the homes of ordinary people." Unexpectedly, he suddenly turned his brush strokes to the swallows nesting over Wuyi Lane, which made people recognize where the swallows were flying. Now, ordinary people live in Wuyi Lane.
In order to make readers clearly understand the poet's intention, the author points out that these swallows flying into the homes of ordinary people to nest are old swallows who once lived on the eaves of Wang Dao and Xie 'an Gaotang. The word "old times" gives the swallow the identity of a historical witness. The word "ordinary" emphasizes how different people today are from the past. From this, we can clearly hear the author's infinite feelings about this change. The design of Yan Fei's image seems easy, but it actually reflects the author's artistic originality and rich imagination. Jin Fuxian's Preface to Yan Fu said: "According to legend, Yan will will nest here this year and return next year. It will die, just cut its claws. The consequences are far-reaching. " Of course, in life, even a swallow with a very long life can't be an old swallow "in front of Wang Xietang" 400 years ago. However, the author captures the characteristics of swallows as migratory birds living in the old nest, which is enough to arouse readers' imagination, suggesting the prosperity of Wuyi Lane in the past and playing a prominent role in comparing the past with the present. Wuyi Lane focuses on the present situation of Wuyi Lane in artistic expression. Just a subtle hint of its past. The poet's feelings are hidden and hidden, which are contained in the description of the scenery. Therefore, although its scenery is ordinary and its language is simple, it has an implicit beauty that makes people memorable.
The poet's deep affection for the rise and fall of this poem. Suzaku Bridge and Wuyi Lane are still the same, just overgrown with weeds and the setting sun is slanting. The desolate scene implies the poet's sensitive experience of prosperity and decline. The last two sentences use the swallow nest to express the author's lament over the vicissitudes of the world, ups and downs, and the pen is particularly tortuous. This poem is the second in Liu Yuxi's epic Five Topics of Jinling.
4. Appreciation of thousands of classic poems
Send friends to Shu.
Tang Dynasty: Li Bai
It is said that the road from here to Shudu is rugged and difficult.
The cliff rises abruptly from the face of the human face, and the qi rises with the rise of the horse's head.
Flowers-like trees cover the path of Qin Ruchuan, the river that flows around the river, and the capital of Shu.
Your advance and retreat have been decided, and you won't be asked about the good Kun Pei.
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This is a lyric poem, which is famous for describing the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers in Sichuan. It was written by Li Bai when he sent his friends to Shu in Chang 'an in 743 AD (Tianbao Year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty).
The whole poem is described from two aspects: farewell and entering Sichuan. The first couplet was written into Shu Dao, starting from the difficulty of Shu Dao: "Look at the road, it is difficult to walk."
"It's not easy to see Can Cong Road." When leaving, Li Bai kindly told his friends: I heard that the Shu Road is rugged and dangerous, and the road is full of mountains and mountains. The tone is gentle and natural, as if two good friends are talking, and their feelings are sincere and sincere. It begins with a passionate exclamatory sentence "Alas, the danger is very high, and such a trip is more difficult than climbing the blue sky", and its writing is very different. This is just a calm narrative, but also a "talk", which is euphemistic and without trace. The first contact got down to business and made a farewell intention. Zhuan Xu made a further detailed description of the "rugged and difficult" Shu Road: "The mountain starts from the human face and the cloud is beside the horse's head."
The Shu Road twists and turns on the high mountain, and people walk on the plank road, and the cliff is like oncoming. From the overlap of faces, clouds rise and billow on the horse's head, like walking on clouds. The verbs "strange" and "sheng" are well used, which vividly show the narrowness, steepness and danger of the plank road, the strange imagination, the wonderful realm and the flying charm.
On the one hand, Shu Road looks steep, on the other hand, it also has beautiful and moving places. The magnificent scenery is on the piano stack: "The fragrant trees cage the piano stack, and the spring flows around the city of Shu."
The word "cage" in this couplet is praised by critics as "poetic eye", which is vivid, vivid and meaningful, and shows many aspects. The first layer it contains means: the prominent trees on the rocky cliffs, swaying branches and leaves, cover the plank road. This is a view from a distance. Qin Zhan is a plank road from Qin (now Shaanxi Province) to Shu. It was built by chiseling a stone frame between rocks. The road surface is narrow and the roadside will not be covered by trees. The word "cage" accurately describes the characteristics that the tree-lined plank road is covered by trees on the mountain. The second layer means: it echoes the "fragrant tree" in front, vividly showing the lush growth of spring forest. Finally, the words "Cage Qin Exhibition" and the antithesis "Around Shu City" are condensed and refined, which just constitutes a rigorous and neat antithesis. The former writes about the scenery of Shu Road on the mountain, while the latter writes about the beautiful scenery of Chunjiang running around Chengdu under the mountain. The distant view and the close view are matched up and down, and the scenery is beautiful, just like a magnificent landscape painting of Sichuan Road. Poets use rich colors to describe the scenic spots of Shu Road, which is undoubtedly a kind of comfort and encouragement for friends who have entered Shu. At the end of the couplet, a title suddenly turned over: "ups and downs should be decided, and you don't have to ask Jun Ping."
Li Bai knew that his friend went to Shu for the purpose of pursuing fame and fortune, so he gave a farewell speech. He warned meaningfully: A person's official position, advance and retreat, has long been a foregone conclusion, so why ask Jun Ping, who is good at divination! Yan Zun in the Western Han Dynasty, the word Junping, lived in seclusion and was not an official. He once sold hexagrams in Chengdu for a living. Li Bai used Junping's allusions to gently encourage his friends not to indulge in fame and fortune. It can be said that he is eager to seduce, which reflects his deep friendship and his understanding of his life. Couplets are written implicitly, with short words and long feelings.
This poem is fresh and elegant in style. The antithesis of the two couplets in the middle of the poem is very precise and neat. Moreover, the significance of couplets is extremely dangerous, and it is extremely difficult to talk about Shu Dao. The necklace suddenly describes the beautiful scenery and scenery, and the brushwork is changeable. Finally, with the discussion as the conclusion, the theme is realized and the charm is more abundant.
Both this poem and Difficult Road in Shu describe the scenery of Shu, but there are great differences in writing. Starting from "legend" and "seeing is believing", they make great efforts to exaggerate the mysterious color of Shu Dao and highlight the dangers of Shu Dao through contact dyeing. Then, according to the time and space sequence from Qin to Shu, it vividly depicts the unique characteristics of the landscape of Shu Road, which is magnificent and dangerous. However, the differences between the two poems are quite different. Difficult Travel in Sichuan is full of imagination and exaggeration, while Seeing Friends Off in Sichuan is more realistic. Difficulties in Shu Dao means "difficulties" and contains feelings in "worries". The poem suddenly "starts with a sigh and ends with a sigh". In the middle, he lamented that "the difficulty of Shu Dao is difficult to go to the sky", and it is extremely bitter to open up Shu Dao. The trip to Shu Dao is extremely difficult, and the residence in Shu is extremely dangerous. Farewell to Shu lies in farewell, which boils down to farewell. As far as the theme of poetry is concerned, it is not appropriate to boast about the hardships of rendering Shu Dao, and as far as the genre of five-character poetry is concerned, it is not necessary to describe the hardships of Shu Dao. The first couplet calmly points out the theme of "rugged and difficult to walk" in Shu Dao, while the couplet turns virtual into real feeling, and follows the word "rugged", "the mountain starts from the human face and the cloud is beside the horse's head", showing the narrowness, danger and strangeness of Shu Dao. The neckline is "fragrant tree cage Qin stack, spring flow around Shu city." Then, at a stroke of the pen, it changed from precipitous and bizarre to beautiful and magnificent, beautiful and bright. Tail couplet, open-minded, comfortable feelings, encourage friends to respond to the opportunity. The whole poem is closely related to its title, narrative, scenery and feelings.
5. Appreciation of thousands of classic poems
Spring Morning
Poet of Tang Dynasty: Meng Haoran
Sleeping sickness in spring unconsciously broke the morning, and the chirping of birds disturbed my sleep.
How many flowers fall after a stormy night.
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The poem "Spring Dawn" seems bland at first reading, but after repeated reading, I feel that there is a world in the poem. Its artistic charm lies not in gorgeous rhetoric and fantastic artistic techniques, but in its charm. The style of the whole poem is as simple and natural as running water, but it is profound and unique. For thousands of years, people have read it and discussed it, as if there were inexhaustible artistic treasures in this short four-line poem.
Nature without rhythm is superficial; If there are no ups and downs, it is flat. "Spring Dawn" has both beautiful charm and ups and downs of writing, so the poem is mellow and eternal. The poet wanted to express his love for spring, but he didn't say it all or fully. The windward door is half open, which makes readers ponder and guess, showing hidden twists and turns everywhere.
"Love is hidden outside the words, and the appearance is in front of you." (Quoted from Zhang Jie's Poems of the Old Cold Hall) When the poet wrote his feelings, he chose the emotional fragments at the moment of waking up in the morning to describe them. This fragment is the beginning and embryonic stage of the poet's ideological activities, and it is the most productive moment that can make people imagine his emotional development. The poet seized the moment, but did not unfold it. He just confides in his readers and leads them to his emotional trajectory, leaving it alone. The rest will be enriched and supplemented by readers along the direction of the poet's thinking. When writing about scenery, he only chose the spring side. Spring has charming colors and intoxicating fragrance, and poets don't write about it. He just started writing from the perspective of hearing, and wrote sound of spring: birds are singing everywhere, and it's raining. Birds are euphemistic, sweet and beautiful. Add the word "everywhere", chirp, rise and fall, the distance should be harmonious, and walking on the shady road is even more overwhelming. Spring breeze and spring rain poured down one after another, but on a quiet spring night, the rustling sound also made people want to see the dreamlike artistic conception of misty clouds and the new look of flowers after rain. These are just what the poet heard indoors. However, these bursts of spring sounds have exposed the boundless spring scenery, led readers to the vast nature, and let readers imagine and appreciate the brilliant spring scenery. This is to use the sound of spring to render the beautiful scene of outdoor spring. These scenes are lively. It describes the poet's feelings and shows the poet's inner joy and love for nature.
Ye Shaoweng, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote a poem "Don't Meet in the Garden", which is a famous sentence from ancient times to the present. In fact, there are * * * similarities in writing with Xiao Chun. Ye Shi introduced people into the wall, let people imagine through a visual image, and went out of the wall from an apricot; Meng's poems lead people out of their homes and make people imagine through auditory images. With only a few strokes, I wrote a prosperous spring with good weather and strange rain. Both poems show that abundant spring is unstoppable. You see, didn't it break through the wall of the house, show it in front of your eyes and linger in your ears?
Shi Buhua said, "Poetry is literature, not expensive." This little poem is only four lines and twenty crosses, but it is full of twists and turns when written. The first word "spring" points out the season and writes the sweetness of spring sleep. "Unconsciousness" is vague unconsciousness. On this warm spring night, the poet slept so soundly that the sunshine came to the window and the sweet dream woke up. It shows the poet's joy in loving spring. The second sentence is about spring scenery, and birds sing in the early morning of spring. "Everywhere" means everywhere. Birds are noisy in the branches, which is a vibrant scene. "Smelling birds" means "smelling birds". In order to rhyme, the word order of ancient poems has been properly adjusted. Three sentences turned into memories, and the poet recalled the drizzling spring rain last night. The last sentence came back to my eyes, thinking of the scene where spring flowers were beaten by wind and rain. From happy spring to cherishing spring, the poet pinned his love for spring on the sigh of falling flowers. Love is extremely precious, and cherishing spring means loving spring-that misty spring rain also attracted the poet's attention to flowers and trees. The leap of time, the alternation of wind and rain, and the subtle changes of feelings are all very interesting and can bring endless interest to people.
Xiao Chun's language is simple and natural, and there is no trace of artificial carving. In a shallow sense, the scenery is real, just like a clear spring flowing from the depths of the poet's heart, crystal clear, full of the poet's life and beating the poet's pulse. Reading it, just like drinking refined mash, makes you feel drunk. The poet found the true interest and essence of nature through feeling and understanding. "The article is natural and wonderful." This is the most natural poem, the voice of nature.