Jiang Yan (444-55), a writer in the Southern Dynasties in China, was born with the word Wentong. His ancestral home is Kaocheng, Jiyang (now east of lankao county, Henan). My hometown is Jiangji Village, Chengzhuang Town, Minquan County. Jiang Yan was able to write poetry at the age of 6, lost his father at the age of 13, and came from a poor family. He once adopted a paid foster mother. At the age of 2, he taught Liu Zi, the king of Song Shi 'an, to read the Five Classics, and once worked as a brief introduction to Jiang Yan under the curtain of Ziyuan Liu, the king of Xin 'an, and began his political career, which lasted for three generations: Song, Qi and Liang.
Jiang Yan was born in the Southern Song Dynasty. He became famous for his articles when he was young. He served as an official in the Southern Song Dynasty, Qi Dynasty and Liang Dynasty all his life. In his later years, he still served as a senior official of the Qi and Liang Dynasties, but the quality of his works was not as good as before, which was considered to be caused by the decline of his talents. Therefore, the world said that he was "exhausted by Jiang Lang" and it has been passed down to the literary world.
Jiang Yan was not very successful in his early career. In the second year of Taishi (466), Jiang Yan was transferred to the screen of Liu Jingsu, the king of Jianping. Jiang was implicated by Guo Yan, who was ordered by Guangling, and was falsely imprisoned for accepting bribes. He was released from prison by writing a letter. Liu Jingsu plotted a rebellion, and Jiang Yan repeatedly remonstrated with him. Liu Jingsu refused to accept it and demoted Jiang Yan to the order of Jian 'an Xing Wu County (now Pucheng, Fujian). The bumpy experience has created a literary master. Jiang Yan, who is in the ups and downs, appeals to the pen with his infinite feelings, and the wonderful pen is amazing. Many of Jiang Yan's representative works were written during his demotion. Jiang Yan's outstanding literary achievements are manifested in his ci-fu. He is a master of ci-fu in the Southern Dynasties and is equal to Bao Zhao. The development of Ci and Fu in the Southern Dynasties to "Jiang and Bao" seems to have reached its peak. Jiang Yan's "Hate Fu" and "Bie Fu" and Bao Zhao's "Wucheng Fu" and "Dancing Crane Fu" can be said to be the swan songs of the Southern Dynasties.
Jiang Yan is also a great parallel prose writer in the Southern Dynasties, and one of the most accomplished parallel prose writers in the Southern Dynasties, with the same fame as Bao Zhao, Liu Jun and Xu Ling. The most famous book he wrote to Liu Jingsu in prison is "Wang Shu of Yi Jianping". The article is full of enthusiasm, neither supercilious nor supercilious, and the true feelings flow between the lines. After reading Jiang Yan's letter, Liu Jingsu, the king of Jianping, was deeply moved and immediately released him. In addition, Jiang Yan's "Letter to Yuan Shuming" and "On Making Friends" were all famous works at that time.
Jiang Dan, Jiang Yan's grandfather, Danyang County magistrate.
Jiang Kangzhi, Jiang Yan's father, Nansha County magistrate, is elegant and talented.
Jiang Lou, the son of Jiang Yan, succeeded to his title after Jiang Yan died.
Cai Jun is Jiang Yan's daughter and Xiao Dan's wife. Caijun is her word, whose name is unknown.
Jiang Yan's Sobue Dan and his father Jiang Kangzhi were county magistrates in the Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasties. Jiang Yan was able to write poetry at the age of six. His father died at the age of thirteen, and his family was poor. He supported his mother by chopping wood, but he was very studious, admired Sima Xiangru and Liang Hong, and liked to learn to write articles. Jiang Yan began to be an official in the Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasty, and he was the first small official who was engaged in "Southern Xuzhou". At that time, "engaged in" was a kind of subordinate officer appointed by the local county governor himself, which was probably equal to the assistant now. Such an official position does not have a high rank and treatment, and it is actually not a formal official of the imperial court, but it can be close to those in power. Then he was transferred to "please serve the court", which is also a kind of official position similar to that of followers. The key lies in the master he followed. In the second year of Taishi (466), Jiang Yan followed Liu Jingsu, the king of Jianping, in Nan Yanzhou. Liu Jingsu was a prince who liked to make friends with scholars. Jiang Yan's career seemed promising.
Not long after, Guo Yanwen, the magistrate of Guangling County, was convicted of the crime. During the interrogation, he implicated Jiang Yan and lied that Jiang Yan took bribes, so Jiang Yan was convicted and imprisoned. In prison, Jiang Yan wrote to Liu Jingsu about his grievances. In his grievances, he said: "Xiaguan was originally an ordinary civilian in cloth, and he came to Wang Ye as a subordinate because he admired Wang Ye's benevolence and righteousness. Your majesty treated me with the standard of a national scholar, and I often tried to serve my country. Unexpectedly, I was ruined by a villain. This kind of thing is inevitable for ancient sages, not to mention that I am an ordinary person. If I am really guilty, I should be punished, but at the moment of the Qingming Festival, I have grievances that I have not applied for. I hope your majesty can inquire and understand. " Liu Jingsu released Jiang Yan on the same day after reading Chen Qing's book. Later, Jiang Yan followed Liu Jingsu in Jingzhou.
in the first year of Thailand and Henan (472), Liu Yu, the deposed emperor, ascended the throne after the Southern Song Dynasty, when he was only ten years old. However, the emperor was cruel and moody, and after he ascended the throne, he was even more out of control, and even often killed innocent people himself. Liu Jingsu was in power at that time, so he persuaded him to rebel in dispatch troops. Jiang Yan disapproved of rebellion and repeatedly persuaded: "Rumors invite trouble, so my second uncle died together;" Arriving at the bureau with a grudge, the seven countries all died. Your Highness did not seek the security of the country, but listened to the plan of the left and right, and then he saw the elk frost dew inhabiting the platform of Gusu again. " However, Liu Jingsu did not adopt it, but stepped up planning day and night. Jiang Yan knew that the incident was just around the corner, so he wrote fifteen poems by Xiao Ruan as a gift to Liu Jingsu to persuade him, but it was useless.
in the second year of Yuan Hui (474), Lu Cheng, the prefect of the South East China Sea, was in mourning at home and could not exercise political affairs. At that time, Jiang Yan's position was to join the army in the town and concurrently serve as a county officer in the South East China Sea. Jiang Yan wanted to be the county magistrate, but Liu Jingsu appointed another person, Sima Liu Shilong. Jiang Yan's repeated requests angered Liu Jingsu, so he was demoted to the order of Jian 'an Xing Wu County (now Pucheng, Fujian). In the autumn of the fourth year of Yuan Hui (476), Liu Jingsu rebelled in Jiankang, the capital city, but was soon put down. Those who conspired with Liu Jingsu were all killed, but Jiang Yan was only relieved of his official position. Therefore, after three years in Xing Wu county magistrate, Jiang Yan left the court of Liu and Song Dynasties and went to work for the people.
In 477, when Shundi was promoted to the early Ming Dynasty in the Southern Song Dynasty, Xiao Daocheng, king of Qi, heard about Jiang Yan's literary talent, so Jiang Yan was appointed as an official, and was awarded the post of Shang Shu driving the Ministry Lang and a title of generals in ancient times to participate in the military. At that time, the imperial court was assisted by Xiao Daocheng, and Jiang Yan soon met the rebellion of Shen Youzhi, the secretariat of Jingzhou. Xiao Daocheng asked him what countermeasures he had. Jiang Yan said that Liu Bang and Cao Cao were able to defeat the strong with the weak because they were morally stronger than each other. Jiang Yan also specifically analyzed five factors that Xiao Daocheng will win and Shen You will lose: "The master's martial arts have a strange strategy, and one wins; Tolerance and benevolence, two wins; Virtuous and capable, three wins; The popularity of the people returns, four wins; Cut rebellion in favor of Tianzi, five wins. Shen Youzhi's ambition is sharp and small, and he is defeated; There is power without grace, and the second defeat is also; The foot soldiers collapsed and lost three times; If you don't care, you will lose four times; Hanging soldiers for thousands of miles, without the same evil, five defeats. " Xiao Daocheng appreciated his analysis, and thus Jiang Yan was reused.
In the third year of Ming Dynasty (479), Song Shundi Liu Zhun Zen was located in Xiao Daocheng, which was established in the Southern Dynasties. In 479, in the early years of Jian Yuan in Xiao Daocheng, the Emperor of Qi Dynasty, Jiang Yan served as the secretary of Yu Zhang Wang (similar to the present secretary) and concurrently served as the magistrate of Dongwu County, and participated in drafting imperial edicts and laws and writing national history. Soon he was promoted to assistant minister of Zhongshu, and formally entered the political core of the Qi Dynasty. The imperial edict written by Xiao Daocheng, Emperor of Qi Dynasty, was written by Jiang Yan. Since then, Jiang Yan has a flat career and has been promoted all the way. In the early years of Emperor Yongming of Qi Dynasty (483), he was promoted to be a general of Xiaoqi, and still participated in the compilation of national history. Later, he served as general Jianwu and went to the local area to serve as the civil history of Luling. After serving as a local official for three years, Yongming was re-appointed as the general of Xiaoqi in four years (486), and the court ordered Jiang Yan to compose songs, but Jiang Yan did not follow Hu Daoan and Fu Xuan's two chapters, Song of Sacrificing the Peasants to Welcome the Gods and Song of the Gods. Later, Jiang Yan also served as Shangshu Zuocheng, Guozi Doctor and Yushi Zhongcheng.
When Xiao Luan, Emperor of Qi Ming, became prime minister, he said to Cheng Jiangyan, an imperial adviser, "When you were a minister, you didn't act rashly unless it was official business, but you could compromise between officials and leniency; Now I am Zhong Cheng, which is enough to shock many bureaucrats. " Jiang Yan replied: "What happened today can be described as being an official, and I am even more afraid that my talents are inferior and my ambition is poor, which is not enough to be known." So Jiang Yan impeached Xie Yong, the secretary of the Central Committee, Wang Jin, the long history of Stuart Zuo, and Yu Hongyuan, the chief of the guard army, and did not anticipate the official business of Shanling for a long time; Before impeachment, Liu Yong, the secretariat of Yizhou, and Zhi Bo, the secretariat of Liangzhou, took bribes and immediately detained Tingwei for crimes. There are also Shen Zhaolve, the prefect of Linhai, Yu Tanlong, the prefect of Yongjia, and many county officials of 2, stone and big counties who were impeached. Jiang Yan impeached many central and local officials, which made the court's discipline shine, and it was awe-inspiring both at home and abroad. Xiao Luan, Emperor of Qi Ming, praised Jiang Yan and said, "Since the Liu and Song Dynasties, there is no longer an imperial official with strict laws. Now you can say that you are the only one."
After Emperor Qi Ming ascended the throne (494), Jiang Yan's official career continued. First, he served as Wang Changshi of Linhai, and soon he was transferred to Ting Weiqing (the official in charge of punishment) and Guizhi (a kind of ancient official). Then he was promoted to champion Chang Shi and assistant general of the country, served as Xuancheng satrap for four years, and then returned to serve as assistant minister of Huangmen, infantry captain and secretary supervisor. At the beginning of the Qi Dynasty, the imperial court ordered Jiang Yan to reform the movement "Song Fenghuang's Ci with a Book".
In the second year of Qi Yongyuan in the Southern Dynasty (5 years), when Qi Emperor was in a daze, Xiao Baojuan was dissolute, and Cui Huijing rebelled and besieged Jiankang, the capital city. Many officials and gentry in the city devoted themselves to Cui Huijing with business cards, but only Jiang Yan lied that he was ill. After the rebellion was calmed down, the world admired Jiang Yan's foresight. In this year, Jiang Yan served as the secretary supervisor and Wei Wei, and said, "This is not my job. Passers-by know that I am taking an empty name. And the weather and personnel, find when overturned. Confucius said,' Those who are literate must be prepared for war.' What's there to worry about?
In the third year of Yongyuan (51), the Eastern Hunhou killed Xiao Yi, the hero of the rebellion, which led Xiao Yi's younger brother Xiao Yan to send troops to attack Jiankang and set up a new leader Qi and emperor Xiao Baorong. In this year, Jiang Yan moved to the official department of Shangshu. Later, Xiao Yan led troops to Xinlin (now southwest of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province). The gentry bureaucrats didn't think highly of Xiao Yan, and everyone didn't care. Jiang Yan had already expected that the regime would change soon, so he took off his official clothes and secretly went to Xiao Yan. Xiao Yan was awarded the title of champion general and secretary supervisor, and soon * * * Stuart left a long history.
In 52, the first year of Liang Tianjian in the Southern Dynasties, Xiao Yan forced Qi and Emperor to abdicate and established the Liang Dynasty. Jiang Yan held an official position in the Liang Dynasty and moved to Xiangguo's long history. This is Jiang Yan's third dynasty as an official. This time, his official position is Sanshi Changshi and Zuowei General, and he was named as the founder of lin ju County with 4 food cities. Jiang Yan said to his children, "I used to be a poor official, not seeking wealth, but now I steal, so that's all." It is also necessary to prepare for what you have said in your life. Eat, drink, and be rich. My fame and fortune have been established, and I want to return to the field. " In the same year, due to illness, he moved to Dr. Jin Ziguang Lu and became the Hou of Liling. At this time, Jiang Yan became famous and very satisfied.
Jiang Yan died at the age of 62 in the fourth year of Tian Jian (55). Xiao Yan of Liang Wudi paid tribute to him by wearing plain clothes, and he was posthumously named "Xian Bo". Jiang Yan was buried in Jiangmu Store (now Nanyue Village, Litang, Minquan County) after his death. Jiang Yan's son, Jiang Yan, succeeded to the title of the Great Wall. In the ordinary four years (523), Xiao Yan remembered Jiang Yan's achievements and named Jiang Ke Wu Changbo.
Jiang Yan is famous for his poetry and prose works, and some of his prose has been handed down from generation to generation, among which "Fu" is the most praised by the world. In addition, Jiang Yan also participated in the compilation of the national history of the Southern Qi Dynasty, so he also wrote history books.
According to Biography of Self-introduction, there are ten volumes of Jiang Yan's works, which are recorded when Jiang Yan was the assistant minister of Chinese books in the Southern Dynasties. According to the record of Biography of Liang Shu Jiangyan, "Every author wrote more than 1 articles, which were written by himself as" Before "and" After ",we can see that he later published many works, and compiled them into two sets. Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi records: "There are nine volumes of Jiang Yan Ji and ten volumes of Jiang Yan Hou Ji." Perhaps by the time of the Sui Dynasty, the former episode had lost one volume. However, the Old Book of the Tang Dynasty records "Ten Volumes of Jiang Yan's Pre-episode and Ten Volumes of Jiang Yan's Post-episode" (the New Book of the Tang Dynasty is similar to this), but it has one more volume than the Sui Dynasty, which may be the lost volume or another supplementary volume. After the Tang Dynasty, most of them were recorded in ten volumes.
The existing Jiang Yan's collected works are no longer Jiang Yan Ji and Jiang Yan Hou Ji recorded in Sui Shu, but there are three different versions:
Jiang Yan's collected works compiled in Sikuquanshu were edited by Liang Bin of Kaocheng City during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty according to Wang Shixian's and Zhang Pu's editions of Ming Dynasty and Tang Bin's notes of Sui State, * *.
Jiang Yan's collected works, compiled in Four Series, are photocopied versions of the Ming Dynasty in the Mi Yun Building of Jiang Family in Wucheng, with ten volumes.
The Liling Collection, published by Jiang Yun during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, has ten volumes.
Most of the existing works were written by Jiang Yan before Emperor Yongming of Qi Dynasty (483 -493), and these works were included in the collection of works compiled by Jiang Yan himself when he was the assistant secretary of Zhongshu in the Southern Qi Dynasty, that is, The Former Collection of Jiang Yan. Since then, the works have been lost after the Tang Dynasty, and the specific reasons cannot be examined. Modern scholar Cao Daoheng believes that the poor quality of Jiang Yan's later works is the reason.
Hate Fu
Bie Fu
Sad Love Fu
Mourning for a Thousand Miles
Four Seasons Fu
Li Se Fu
Dansha Kexue Fu
Thirty Miscellaneous Poems
Going to prison. Liu Zhiji in the Tang Dynasty said in Shi Tong that Jiang Yan thought that "history is difficult, and there is no ambition", so "ten ambitions should be made first to see their talents". The Ten Records of Qi History has been lost now, but Xiao Zixian's Nan Qi Shu generally inherited the style of Qi Shi, and Jiang Yan's Ten Records of Qi Shi is also one of the historical sources of Xiao Shu.
Jiang Yan is the most outstanding in Ci and Fu, and he is also known as a master of Ci and Fu in the Southern Dynasties with Bao Zhao. The development of Ci and Fu in the Southern Dynasties to "Jiangyan and Bao Zhao" can be said to have reached its peak. Jiang Yan's ci-fu is mostly lyrical and good at describing people's psychology. Jiang Yan's most famous Ci-fu of Hate and Bie-fu, Bao Zhao's Fu of Wucheng and Fu of Dancing Crane are also called the swan song of ci-fu in the Southern Dynasties. In addition, his "Going to Hometown Fu", "Moss Fu" and "Thinking of the North in the South of the Yangtze River" express his frustration and homesickness when he was demoted to Jian 'an Xing Wu.
Jiang Yan was also a great parallel prose writer in the Southern Dynasties, with the same fame as Bao Zhao, Xu Ling and Liu Jun. Jiang Yan's letter to Liu Jingsu in prison is the most famous. The article is impassioned and high-pitched, neither humble nor humble, and reveals true feelings between the lines. In addition, Jiang Yan's "Letter to Yuan Shuming" and "On Making Friends" were all famous works at that time.
Although Jiang Yan's poems are not as good as his Ci Fu and Parallel Prose, they are also many excellent ones, which are characterized by far-reaching interest, especially among the Qi and Liang dynasties, especially "Crossing the Spring to the Top of the Mountains", "Xianyang Pavilion" and "You Huang Berry Mountain". Jiang Yan's characteristics in poetry are that he is good at imitating the ancient times, and his appearance is similar, which can be confused with the real. Jiang Yan studied the works of the ancients diligently, which made him get rid of some gorgeous styles and wrote many poems that were vigorous and vigorous. Therefore, Zhong Rong, a literary critic in the Southern Dynasties, said in Poems that Jiang Yan was "good at imitation".
although Jiang Yan's poetic achievements are not as good as his ci fu and parallel prose, there are also many excellent works, which are characterized by far-reaching interest, especially among the Qi and Liang dynasties. Being good at imitating the past is a prominent feature of Jiang Yan's poetry, which looks like it, but it can be confused. Zhong Rong, a literary critic in the Southern Dynasties, said that Jiang Yan was "good at imitation" in Poetry. Jiang Yan studied the works of the ancients hard, which really made him get rid of some beautiful styles and wrote many poems with vigorous spirit in the flow.
In Jiang Yan's poems, some of them are Yuefu songs. Although Jiang Yan's Yuefu lyrics can't outshine others in the Southern Dynasties, they can be regarded as excellent works. After middle age, Jiang Yan's official career prospered.