Qu yuan [pre-Qin]
After the emperor, the trees are beautiful and the oranges are attractive.
I was ordered not to move. I was born in the south.
Deep-rooted and difficult to migrate, more determined.
The green leaves are brilliant and gratifying.
Once the branch is pricked, the round fruit will be embarrassed.
Green and yellow are mixed, and the article is rotten.
Fine color and white inside, arbitrary class.
Disputes should be repaired, but not ugly.
Well, you have different ambitions.
Wouldn't it be nice to be independent?
Deep and difficult to move, nothing to ask for.
Su Shi is independent, horizontal but not flowing.
If you are closed to the outside world and cautious, you will not lose your heart.
Bingde is selfless and lofty.
I wish you a happy new year and long-lasting friendship.
Comfort and prostitution are inseparable, which makes sense.
Although you are young, you are a teacher.
The lines are better than Bo Yi, like Xi.
2. Translation
Orange, you are a beautiful tree between heaven and earth. You were born to adapt to this water and soil.
Thanks to the mission of never migrating again, I was born in Nanchu forever.
Deep-rooted, difficult to move, that's because your will is single-minded.
Ye Er's green flowers are pure, and its posture is colorful and gratifying.
Although there are thorns between the leaves, the fruit is so round and beautiful.
Green and yellow blend together to make each other interesting, and the color is simply radiant.
Bright skin and white heart seem to give people a heavy responsibility.
The charm and fragrance are very unique, which shows how exquisite this beauty is.
I admire oranges in the south of China, and I was determined to be different when I was young.
Isn't it gratifying that you are independent of the world and refuse to move?
You are deeply rooted, difficult to migrate, depressed and selfish.
You are sober, independent and uninhibited, not kitsch, just like crossing a river without going with the flow.
You stick to a pure heart, be cautious and self-respecting, and have never committed any crimes or mistakes.
Your selfless behavior can be compared with heaven and earth.
I am willing to spend the years with Chenpi and be friends for a long time.
Chenpi is kind, beautiful and not lewd, with strong personality and liberal arts.
Although you are still young, you can be my respected teacher.
The moral character of Chenpi can be compared with Boyi. I want to plant orange trees in the garden as an example.
Step 3 enjoy
This is a poem about objects. On the surface, it is a praise of dried tangerine peel, but in fact it is a poet's confession of his ideal and personality. The whole poem can be divided into two parts. The first sentence 16 is the first part, which focuses on describing the elegant and moving external beauty of dried tangerine peel, with description as the main part. In the second half, things are lyrical, eulogizing the inner spiritual passion of Chenpi, which is mainly lyrical. The two parts have their own emphasis, but they are interrelated and integrated. In the form of four words, the poet created a beautiful image of dried tangerine peel by personification, and described and praised dried tangerine peel from all sides to express his firm will to pursue good quality and ideals.
The first part focuses on the elegance and touching external beauty of citrus.
Three sentences, such as "Empress, beautiful trees and attractive oranges", are extraordinary: a firm green orange suddenly rises between the vast world, and it is deeply rooted in the "southern land", and no force can make it migrate. The indomitable spirit and the determination to "be ordered not to move" have aroused readers' infinite respect. Chenpi is respectable and handsome.
The poet then described it with exquisite brushstrokes, sketching out its vibrant "green leaves" and smudging its snowflake-like "plain capacity". Although there are "thorns" between its branches and leaves, it is only to prevent foreign enemies from invading; However, what it has contributed to the world is "white inside and bright outside" and countless dazzling "round fruits". Qu Yuan's Orange in the South is so controversial that it should be mended, which is a well-deserved responsibility. Although this passage is mainly about description, between the lines, people can strongly feel the poet's pride and praise for the "fine tree" of the motherland.
The second part of this poem, that is, from the description of the external beauty of Chenpi, turned to the enthusiasm for its internal spirit. In Li Sao, Qu Yuan once expressed his disdain for the generation of "Lan" and "Jiao" (referring to the courtiers in charge of state affairs) by "forbearing without reality" (good appearance and poor internal quality). Citrus is not like this. Although young, he has made a firm ambition of "independence and immobility"; When it grows up, it is even more "horizontal but not flowing" and "comfortable without her", showing a strong and upright character; Even in the face of "blooming flowers", it is still lush and will never give in to the cold.
The poem's phrase "I wish to thank you for being twenty years old and be friends with you for a long time" is a wonderful pen to communicate "things and me": it suddenly embraced the poet himself in Ode to Oranges and wished to be friends with the appearance of Chenpi. In the face of severe years, this makes the frost and snow stand proudly and the image of Qu Yuan himself, who has lost his reputation and ethics, superimposed together. After thousands of years of thinking, the conclusion is that "doing is better than Bo Yi, like Xi", which sublimates the whole realm of poetry. In the distant reflections of two ancient and modern people, the spirit of dried tangerine peel praised in the last article has all flowed and converged, becoming a spiritual symbol of great men in adversity and not changing their ethics, which is reflected on the historical canopy.
This poem expresses ambition with things and describes people with things, which not only connects me with things, but also integrates the past and the present, thus creating a poem praised by Lin Yunming of A Qing Dynasty, "It seems that each sentence in two paragraphs is an orange, but the original and the orange can not be divided into two, and set each other off" ("Chu Ci Deng"). Since then, the oranges in the South China contain rich cultural connotations of "independence and love for the motherland", and people with lofty ideals have been sung and imitated by people. This unique contribution belongs only to Qu Yuan, so Liu Chenweng in the Song Dynasty also called Qu Yuan the "ancestor of chanting things".
4. Creative background
"Ode to Nine Chapters of Orange" is regarded as an early work of Qu Yuan, and scholars believe that it was written by the poet when he was a diplomat in the State of Qi (citing the saying in Liezi that "crossing the Huai River in the north turned into a bitter orange"). During his exile in Du Ying, he took oranges in southern China as an example to fight for festivals, and wrote this famous poem about oranges with deep affection.