1. Use beauty to describe monsters.
All cultures have their own ideas of beauty and ugliness. But as far as archaeological excavations are concerned, it is difficult to judge whether the objects depicted in them were really ugly at that time: in the eyes of westerners, fetishes and masks of other cultures are horrible and deformed, while locals may think that they depict positive values.
2. The legendary grotesque creatures
Medieval culture did not give itself the question of whether these monsters were "beautiful" or not. People in the Middle Ages were fascinated by these strange things, which were called strange scenery in later centuries.
3. How does the universal symbol system deal with ugliness?
Many mystics, theologians and philosophers in the Middle Ages tried to explain how monsters cast the beauty of the whole in the great symphony of cosmic harmony, although they were called pure contrast. Moros believes that monsters come from the will of God, so they don't go against nature, just against what we are used to.
4. The condition of regarding ugliness as beauty
According to Summa written by Alexander of hals, it is said that hals, the universe is a whole, and we must regard it as a whole. Shadow's contribution is to make light brighter, so put it in the framework of the great order of the universe, that is, things that can be regarded as ugly themselves can also show their beauty. Beauty is the whole of this order, but from this perspective, ugly monsters are also saved by helping to balance this order.
5. Ugliness: Natural curiosity
From the Middle Ages to modern times, the attitude towards monsters has changed. At this time, the monster has lost its symbolic power and become a strange thing in nature. The problem is no longer that people should regard beauty or ugliness, but that they should study its shape and sometimes its anatomical structure.
Chapter six: From pastoral to angelic women
1. Sacred and secular love
Medieval philosophers, theologians and mystics talked about beauty, but rarely touched on female beauty. They are all members of the church. According to medieval morality, they don't believe in physical happiness. Without sticking to dogma, we can see interesting descriptions of female beauty in the poems of wandering literati, such as Ka mana Brana. The same is true of pastoral poetry, in which students or knights meet shepherdess and seduce them, which is a good thing.
2. Ladies and poets
Bud's poetry in Provence began in 1 1 century, and the legend of Brittany and Italian Stirnovo poets continues. Everything in this article, the image of female beauty is virtuous and sublimated, which is desirable and always unattainable, so it is more desirable.
3. Ladies and knights
In court love, desire is opened because it is forbidden: a lady gives a knight a headache all day, but he is willing to do it. This state leads to fantasy, which is a kind of possession that is always delayed. The more unattainable the Iraqi, the stronger the knight's desire and the sublimation of her beauty. What this interpretation of court love fails to take into account is that bards often don't stop at the threshold, and knights are not completely self-controlled and don't commit adultery.
4. Poets and Difficult Love
This elusive concept of love is a romantic explanation of the Middle Ages, not a product of the Middle Ages itself. Some people say that love (insatiable passion, sweetness and misfortune) was "invented" in the Middle Ages, from the Middle Ages to modern art, from poetry to novels, from novels to lyric operas.