learning target
1. Perceive the beauty of poetry, music, architecture and painting in A Farewell to Cambridge.
2, learn the appreciation method of new poetry:
(1) Under the guidance of teachers, learn to appreciate the musical beauty of poetry by reading aloud;
⑵ Through teachers' analysis and appreciation, they learn to appreciate poetry from the aspects of image and form.
Teaching focus
1, the poet's unique image choice.
Farewell to Cambridge is beautiful in music, architecture and painting.
Teaching methods include reading, reciting and appreciating.
teaching process
I. Introduction
"I left quietly, just as I came gently." A parting poem with a touch of sadness touched the hearts of many literati. Xu Zhimo, he came quietly like this and left quietly like this. What kind of person is the poet Zhimo? Let's follow Zhimo's Biekang Bridge into the poet's heart.
Second, Xu Zhimo and his creative background
Xu Zhimo (1896 ~ 193 1), a native of Haining, Zhejiang, has a well-off family. Pen names Yun Zhonghe, Nanhu and Shizhe. Middle school is in the same class as Yu Dafu. 19 16 was admitted to Peking University. In the same year, she married Zhang Youyi, who was only 16 years old. 19 18 went to study in the United States. 1920 went to the University of Cambridge, England to study for a doctorate. During this period, Xu Zhimo had an extramarital affair with Lin, and left Cambridge in August of the same year. 1923, he founded the crescent society with Hu Shi and others as the main members. 1924, Tagore, a great Indian poet, visited China, with Xu Zhimo as translator, and then Thailand roamed Europe. In the same year, I met Lu Xiaoman, a married woman, and fell in love. 1June, 926, Lu Xiaoman and I got married. 1June 927, Professor of Shanghai Guanghua University,1June 929, Editor of Zhonghua Book Company. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/930, he was invited by Hu Shizhi to be a professor in Peking University. During this period, Xu Zhimo traveled between Beiping and Shanghai for a living. But it's still hard to satisfy Lu Xiaoman. He has made a new start, but it's hard to divorce again because of old feelings and face. He fell into deep pain. 193 1 year 1 year 1 year 65438+9 years, I flew from Nanjing to Beiping, and my plane crashed on the way, and I died at the foot of Mount Tai at the age of 35.
Many of his poems tend to be mysterious, vague, sentimental and decadent, but there are also many excellent works with fresh language, appropriate metaphors and soft and lively style. Farewell to Cambridge is selected from Tiger Collection, which is favored by readers because of its harmonious syllables and beautiful artistic conception. 193 1 year 1 month 1 9, he flew from Nanjing to Beijing by plane "Jinan". In Dangjiazhuang, 50 miles away from Jinan, the plane caught fire in a fog and was killed. "I left quietly/as I came quietly; /I waved my sleeve,/I didn't take away a cloud. " The poem Farewell to Cambridge has become his language. He was only 36 when he really became a "cloud".
Farewell to Cambridge is a poem that typically shows Xu Zhimo's poetic style. Poetry records the poet's emotional experience of returning to England and bidding farewell to Cambridge in the autumn of 1928, showing a kind of sadness. Cambridge, or Cambridge, is the seat of the famous Cambridge University in Britain. Everything about Cambridge has long left a good impression on him. Now I want to say goodbye to it, and thousands of tender feelings and feelings come to my heart. The He Kang River opened the poet's soul and awakened the passion that had been dormant for a long time, so it became this masterpiece handed down from generation to generation.
Third, play the recording and read "Farewell to Cambridge" aloud. The teacher instructed reading aloud. Pay attention to the rhythm of poetry, full of affection.
Fourthly, the overall appreciation of Farewell to Cambridge.
1. Since ancient times, there are countless farewell poems. What poems are you familiar with?
Clear: Students recall and communicate, and then speak. Teacher's preparation: Luo's "Give someone a unique skill in Yishui": "This place is not in yan dan, and a strong man wins the championship. In the past, people were gone, and today the water is still cold. "
When he sent the viceroy to Shu, he said, "The two officials are parting, and they say goodbye. However, as long as China maintains our friendship, heaven is still our neighbor. " Wang Changling's Farewell to Xin Jian at Furong Inn: "It's cold and rainy at night, and it's clear to see the guests off in Chushan. If relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other, a piece of ice heart is in the jade pot. " Li Bai's "To Wang Lun": "Li Bai was about to leave by boat when he suddenly heard singing on the shore. Taohuatan is deep in thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lun. "
2. If you compare these poems with this poem by Xu Zhimo, what's the difference between the farewell objects?
Qing: Generally speaking, people leave in farewell poems, but what this poem leaves behind is not people, but "clouds in the west". The object of farewell shifted from the world to the natural scenery, jumping out of the routine of chilling urging, giving people a fresh and elegant feeling. These images (clouds, etc. ) are entrusted with the poet's feelings, and this image entrusted with the poet's feelings is the image of poetry. How poets choose images to express their feelings is exactly what we want to appreciate.
5. Appreciate poetry from images.
1. This article is unique in the choice of pictures. Please find out what the images in this article are.
Qing: clouds, golden willows, soft waves, green grass, starlight and other natural scenery.
2. What is the purpose of discussing the selection of these images? (mainly based on students' answers, supplemented by teachers' guidance and lectures)
(1) The whole poem takes the emotional ups and downs when leaving Cambridge as a clue, expressing the deep affection for saying goodbye to Cambridge:
In the 1 section, three words "tenderness" are used to describe the scene of sneaking in and out of Cambridge alone, and at the same time, the inseparable feelings are revealed, and the image of drifting away is set off with a slightly jumping rhythm, which sets the lyric tone for the whole poem.
In the second section, I wrote about the reflection of willow trees by the He Kang River, which saturated the poet's infinite joy and attachment.
The third section describes the aquatic plants of He Kanghe, expressing the poet's eternal love for Cambridge.
The fourth part, write the green pool under the elm tree. The poet integrated his lover's scene and all his nostalgia into the scenery of Cambridge.
In the fifth section, the poet's feelings reached a climax. He fantasized about holding up a pole, rowing to greener grass to find his "rainbow dream" and singing loudly to the bright stars.
In the sixth section, the poet returns to reality from fantasy. Quietly with the sign of parting, silently appreciate the sadness of parting. The poetic scene is still returning, immersed in silence.
Section 7 echoes the beginning. "Cloud" can't be taken away, but the poet said "not taking away a cloud". This exaggeration shows that the poet is unwilling to disturb his beloved Cambridge. Here, the rhythm is the same, but with the transformation of words and expressions, more sadness has to be left. At this point, the poet expressed his deep affection for Cambridge with silence, gentleness and quietness.
Summary of teachers and students: When the poet bid farewell to Cambridge, he avoided seeing off crowds, surrounding high-rise buildings, traffic and other ordinary objects, and chose natural scenery such as clouds, avoiding fireworks and creating a fresh feeling. For example, the golden willow by the river is compared to the bride in the sunset, thus turning the dead scenery into a living activity, warm and pleasant. The willow reflected in the He Kang River is saturated with the poet's infinite joy and attachment. The willow branches in the sunset are covered with charming golden yellow. The golden branches sway gently in the wind, and the shadows are reflected in the water, like a beautiful bride. The beautiful shadow in this wave rippled in the water and in the poet's mind. See love in the scene, there are scenes in love, and the scenes blend together. The same is true of the choice of other images. The green grass is swaying in the soft waves, as if waving to the poet. Returning from boating at night, the water waves and starlight complement each other, and the poet can't help singing in the splendor of starlight. The poet's happiness reached its peak through proper image selection. This is the uniqueness of this poetic image choice.
6. Appreciate poetry in form. Farewell to Cambridge has three forms of beauty: painting beauty, music beauty and architecture beauty.
1. Form: four lines and one section, staggered, with similar words, echoing in a circle-architectural beauty.
Qing: The first sentence used three words "tenderness" in succession, which made us feel as if the poet stood on tiptoe, like a breeze, quietly swinging away; And the deepest affection, in the tide, has become a "floating cloud in the west." The last section has three "quietness" corresponding to the first cycle. Come smartly, go smartly. With a wave of his sleeve, what shook off? Needless to say. Since I once lived in Cambridge, why should I take a cloud with me? -the first and last cycles echo, and the structure is rigorous, giving people the beauty of the whole.
2. Language: sense of rhythm, beauty of melody, flexibility-beauty of music.
Clarity: This poem is like Chopin's serenade. There are four lines and one section, and the arrangement of each section is patchy. The number of words in each sentence is basically 6 or 7 words (there are 8 words in the middle), which is neat in uneven changes; Each verse rhymes, changing rhymes one by one, and pursuing syllable fluctuation and melody sense. In addition, the repeated use of reduplicated words such as "gently" and "quietly" enhances the brisk rhythm of poetry. The first melody of the poem has a slight bounce, as if it were the voice of a poet walking on tiptoe; The second verse of this poem is musically like a happy tune played with a violin full of bows; The end of the poem is similar to the first sentence, echoing from afar, giving people a fantastic feeling.
For example, in the first verse of the poem, the adjective "light" is used three times, which shows a brisk rhythm, a soft melody and a slight bounce, as if the poet were walking on tiptoe; The second verse of this poem is musically like a happy tune played with a violin full of bows; In the form of rhyme, strictly abide by the second and fourth rhymes, cadence, catchy. This beautiful rhythm ripples like ripples, which is not only the voice of pious students seeking dreams, but also conforms to the ebb and flow of poets' emotions and has a unique aesthetic pleasure. The seven verses are strewn at random, and the rhythm spreads slowly in them, which is quite a poet's temperament of "white robe and thin suburban island". It can be said that it embodies Xu Zhimo's poetic beauty thought.
3. Artistic conception: golden willow, bride, beautifully dressed, rainbow-like dream-the beauty of painting.
Clarity: Almost every section of the eight poems contains a picture that can be drawn, giving people the enjoyment of visual beauty. One of the manifestations of the picture is that the poet used colorful words to create a series of vivid artistic conception, which hung over the dusk.
Shiny golden willows, green grass on soft mud, and pools under the shade of trees-come into view. The two metaphors are quite accurate: the first one boldly imagines the "golden willow by the river" as a "bride in the sunset", which makes the dead scenery become a living thing, warm and pleasant; The second is that the clear pool water is suspected to be a "rainbow in the sky", but it has been crushed by floating algae and turned into a "rainbow-like dream". Poets such as Zhuang Zhou Mengdie, just in the madness of love, forget myself, feel "the beauty in the waves/the ripples in the heart", and are willing to be the grass swaying in the gentle waves of He Kanghe. This good structure of the unity of subject and object is not only a wonderful hand, but also a painstaking effort; In verses 5 and 6, the poet opens up a new artistic conception. Borrowing the four refrain "Dream/Dream", "A boat full of starlight,/Singing in the starlight", "Singing,/But I can't sing" and "Summer insects are silent for me/silence is the Cambridge tonight", the whole poem is pushed to a climax, just like the He Kang River, full of twists and turns! But his madness of falling on the greener grass and singing in the bright stars did not come true. At this time, silence and silence are better than many love words! . The poet seems to be caring for a lover's sleep, fearing that this dream will be damaged by the slightest bit, and the melody like a sigh is perfectly unified with parting. The second expression of the beauty of the picture is that the poet makes every picture become a dynamic picture through words with strong movements, such as waving, swaying, swaying, smashing, swimming back, waving, etc., giving people a three-dimensional sense.
Seven, homework design:
Try to appreciate Xu Zhimo's other parting poem "Nora on the shore". Write an appreciation article, not less than 300 words.
Shian Nala
-For Japanese girls
The most is the gentleness of that bow.
Like a lotus, it can't overcome the shyness of the cool breeze.
Take care, take care,
There is sweet sadness in the treasure.
Shian, Nora.