Bulgarian literature has a long history, but its poetry has a short history. This seemingly contradictory phenomenon is not difficult to explain, because although Bulgaria is the birthplace of church Slavic language, and this language is very popular in all Orthodox Slavic countries, in the first many centuries, Bulgarian priests mainly used Greek. Their control of the church and the national economy has kept Bulgaria in a backward state, while Turkey's political rule has brought the country to the brink of destruction.
Many types of folk poems appeared in early Bulgaria, which widely reflected the poor life of farmers. Some of them are epics, which are very similar to Serbian epics, and even sing the same heroes, such as Kyle kral, King of Prilep. But compared with Serbian epic, Bulgarian epic contains more historical facts and less idealism.
Early Bulgarian poetry was dominated by Greek poetry. In some Greek poems, sometimes Bulgarian characters are staggered. Real Bulgarian poetry appeared only after the founding of modern Bulgaria in the18th century (1762).
The first writers who appeared during the period of national rejuvenation took it as their duty to arouse people's opposition to Turkish occupation. Many of them are Daubry Chintu Love (1822- 1886), Georgi Stoicof Lakovski (1821-kloc-0/865) and Lyuben KaraVilov (/kloc-0). So they are very familiar with Russian literature, especially the works of revolutionary writers at that time. However, their poems are less influenced by abstract ideas and more reflect the needs of the Bulgarian people. Petko Rachev Slaoui Kov (1827— 1895) was the first poet who transcended the purely political content. As a teacher, he is an active patriot. His poems replaced the long-standing popular Greek poems. He was brilliant and wrote many meaningful lyric poems.
Crystal Botev (1848- 1876) was an outstanding poet and a typical revolutionary in Bulgaria. Later, he died with a group of people who tried to cross the Danube and launched an uprising in Bulgaria. His poems are full of dynamic beauty and resistance to oppression. Despite the change of Bulgarian regime, Portov's position among the people has always been unshakable.
After Bulgarian liberation, Ivan Vazov (1850— 192 1) was as famous as Portov. Vazov was the first person to introduce world literature to Bulgaria. As the most outstanding writer in Bulgaria at that time, he was good at writing poetry, prose, drama and other literary forms, and his creative themes covered almost all aspects of social life in Bulgaria since ancient times. Unlike Popov, who fought in the storm, Vazov has been concentrating on his creation and won the honor through unremitting efforts.
Pancho Slaoui kov (1866- 19 12), Peron yavorov (1877- 1965438) and petko Yu todorov (/kloc-0). They obviously belong to poets in the western sense and are conscious artists. Their works reflect contemporary western thoughts and form a position opposite to Russian tradition. Although they firmly believe in western views, whether German or Ibsen's, they are also rooted in the reality of Bulgaria.
Later, symbolism appeared in Bulgaria, initiated by the influential poet Todor Traian (1882- 1945). Dimco Debel Yanov (1887- 19 16) and Nikolai Liliev (1886- 1960) promoted the further development of this ideological trend. Dimco Debel Yanov died in World War I, leaving about 50 poems, which are recognized as masterpieces.
Bulgaria's failure in the Second Balkan War and the First World War, as well as the subsequent domestic political and social turmoil, changed the spirit of Bulgarian literature. The new generation of poets gave up optimism and tried to solve the problems faced by their generation with the help of mysticism, especially the revival of Bo Guimil (a religious trend of thought in the Bulgarian Middle Ages). They express their nationalist ideas by praising the past. Later, these poets who praised the past formed the so-called historical school. At the same time, various independent writers appeared, such as Elisavita Baghlana (born in 1894) and Angel Karaliichev (born in 1902). Some radical poets and writers related to the peasant party, such as Georg Merev (1895- 1925) and D. Polanov (1899- 1953), lost their influence.
At the end of World War II, Bulgaria came to power. The party requires literature to adopt the socialist realism model.
Generally speaking, Lyudmil stoianov (born in 1888) is a master of modern Bulgarian literature. He is an outstanding writer with leftist tendencies. After the rise of fascism, he resolutely turned to productism. Other important poets include Maintaining Nico by Anton Raz (1897-1951) and Kram Chulia's Kov (born in 1893). Modern Bulgarians have created a lot of political poems, among which Georgiev's Song of Guerrillas (1947) is one of the representative works. Today, with the changes and development of the times, Bulgarian poetry has entered a new stage of development.