This poem laments the ponytail incident. The Mawei incident occurred after the An Shi Rebellion broke out in Tianbao 14th year of Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (755). Li Shangyin lived in the atmosphere of the decline of national power in the late Tang Dynasty, which made him have more critical consciousness of history, more feelings of saving the world for politics, and more hatred for adulterers and wrongdoers. So he wrote this set of poems to achieve the meaning of allegory. Writing skills: contrast, contrast, narration and discussion.
Means of expression: satirizing the present and the ancient, comparing and discussing.
This is a political satire directed at Li Tang's former emperor, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. At the beginning, the story of "Overseas" and "More Kyushu" was used to summarize the legend that the alchemist discovered Yang Fei overseas, but it was denied by the "disciple". Those who "smell" listen to it for nothing.
It means: Xuanzong heard from the alchemist that Yang Fei still remembered the oath of "wishing the world husband and wife" on the fairy mountain, and was "very shocked", but what's the use? The fact that "he was born" is a couple is uncertain; The relationship between husband and wife in this life is obviously over. How it ended naturally caused the following situation.
The "cock crow" in court is in contrast with Ma Youyi's "tiger swimming at night", but yesterday's happiness and today's suffering, yesterday's safety and danger are all different situations and moods. The escape life of Tiger Walking at Night is very uncomfortable, which means the same thing. The contrast with Chicken Man Announces Dawn implies that the protagonist is eager to enjoy the happiness of the past again, which is another meaning.
Then use "Kong Wen" and "no reply" to echo, indicating that hope has been disillusioned and the tail is too big to fail, which is the third meaning. "Tiger Brigade at Night" was originally used for patrolling and guarding, but being named "Kong Wen" has the opposite meaning.
From the point of view of composition, "Kong Wen" inherited "Rest in Peace" and enlightened "Six Armies in Malaysia". It means that the "Tiger Brigade" is a "nocturnal song", but it is not to protect the safety of the emperor and the imperial concubine, but to launch a mutiny.
Because of this, it is impossible for Li and Yang to enjoy a comfortable court life.
Tripartite: "This day" refers to the day when Yang Fei died. "Six armies stationed in Malaysia" coincides with Bai Juyi's "Song of Eternal Sorrow", and no one moves, but after "Song of Eternal Sorrow", they may trample on those moths until their hooves, and "this day" is traced back to "then". The contrast and supplement between "then" and "today" is not only self-evident, but also meaningful, which is called "reverse holding method"
Xuanzong and Yang Fei "swore to each other" on Tanabata at that time, laughing at Petunia and Zhinv. They only met once a year, but they were "husband and wife forever" and never separated. But what if the sixth army doesn't send it? Opposed to each other, the ending of Fei Yang's death is not difficult to understand, and Xuanzong's hypocritical and selfish mental outlook is also exposed.
At the same time, "Laughing and caressing cows on Tanabata" is a typical summary of Xuanzong's infatuation with women and neglect of political affairs. When compared with "six armies stationed in Malaysia", it shows the causal relationship between them. Without the debauchery at that time, there would be no dispersion of today. The "then" when Xuanzong indulged in debauchery never took into account the "today" when he gave his favorite concubine to death. At this point, the sentence of the tail couplet is like an arrow.
Tailing also contains strong contrast. On the one hand, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, who had been emperor for more than 40 years, could not keep his beloved concubine; On the other hand, the Lu family, as an ordinary people, can keep his wife Mochow, who is both a weaver and a mulberry picker. So the poet asked coldly: Why is Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, who has been working for more than 40 years, not as good as ordinary people in guarding his concubine?
In the first six songs, the edge of criticism is directed at Tang Xuanzong. Concluding with a question that needs a lot of exploration to give a comprehensive answer enriches the content of criticism.
Extended data
Two Poems by Ma Wei
one
Ji Ma moved Yan rhinoceros to the ground, buried red powder and turned it into ashes.
If the king can pour out the country, what can he do if he doesn't cut it?
Secondly,
In vain, I heard the legend that overseas Kyushu, the afterlife is unpredictable, and this life will not stop.
When they heard the guards guarding them, they fought swords at night, and there were no more chickens in the palace.
The Sixth Army has agreed that they will all be stationed in Malaysia. On the old Qixi Festival, we also laughed at the Weaver Girl.
How did I spend the fourth period? I was an emperor, but not a son-in-law. I was with Mochow at night.
Vernacular translation
one
The situation changed suddenly, and An Lushan raised the flag to rebel. The rebels killed Chang 'an earth-shattering, but they killed their beloved concubine helplessly. Tang Xuanzong himself soon died of depression. If Emperor Xuanzong really believed that Yang Guifei had the ability to overthrow the country, why did the emperor's jade chariot flee to Ma Wei in a hurry?
Secondly,
Legend has it that besides Kyushu, there is also Kyushu. I'm afraid their fate in this life has been exhausted, but the afterlife is still unknown. Who knows when to be together and when to be apart. Looking back at the temporary residence of Ming Chengzu in Mawei, I can only hear the golden sound in the air, but I can't see the hustle and bustle of the palace. In just a few weeks, things have changed and the stars have changed.
Unexpectedly, Yan Yu became empty. The younger brother is not straight, and the three armed forces angrily behead the younger sister. The day of that night was like the day when I laughed at the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in the Palace of Eternal Life. Unexpectedly, even the cowherd and the weaver girl are not as good as each other. I want to come to the son of heaven, so that I can't even protect my beloved. If I had known this, I would not have been as good as Mo Chounv.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Two Poems by Ma Wei