The tips for language appreciation questions in the examination paper can be summarized as: language expression, content emotion, writing method, etc., and all of them must explain the expression effect (or "expression function").
first, the breakthrough point of sentence appreciation
(a) looking at sentences from the perspective of language expression
Examining the language expression of sentences can be seen from three aspects, namely, whether rhetoric is used, whether there are special sentence patterns, and the use of subtle words.
1. Appreciation from the perspective of rhetoric.
There are eight kinds of common rhetoric (metaphor, analogy, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, repetition, rhetorical question and rhetorical question), which play different roles in different contexts. Metaphor, for example, illustrates abstract, abstruse and unfamiliar things with concrete, simple and familiar things according to their similarities. Function: It can make the expressed content vivid and concrete, give people a vivid and profound impression, make the profound truth easy to understand and help people understand. Another example is parallelism, in which three or more phrases or sentences with the same or similar structure, consistent tone and related meanings are arranged together. Function: enhance the language momentum and enhance the expression effect. Using it to reason can make the discussion detailed and clear; Using it to express emotion can stimulate readers' feelings and enhance the appeal of the article; Using it to describe people can make the description delicate and profound.
Example 1: Oil bugs are singing here, and crickets are playing the piano here. (From Herb Garden to three pools mirroring the moon)
Appreciation: This sentence uses personification rhetoric, personifies the oil fly and the cricket, and vividly writes that the oil fly and the cricket are beautiful in singing and playing the piano, and writes that the Herb Garden is full of vitality and infinite fun.
Example 2: Because the island blocked its rotation, it kicked with its feet, pushed with its hands and bit with its teeth. It is getting more and more excited and harder every moment.
Appreciation: The author uses parallelism to show the violent turbulence of the sea after waking up, and shows the rough and bold character of the sea, so that readers can read it fluently.
example 3.28 Nanning senior high school entrance examination reading topic "Great Tragedy" (excerpt) topic (question 15): In connection with the context, talk about the meaning of "a mirage in my heart" in paragraph 1.
Appreciation: This sentence uses the rhetorical device of metaphor, comparing "the beautiful things that emerge in my heart" to "the mirage in my heart". What they have in common is "I can no longer have them", which vividly shows the beautiful things that emerge in Scott's heart at this time but can no longer have them.
2. Appreciate the special sentence patterns.
(1) start with the characteristics of sentence patterns.
The common sentence features are: contradictory sentence, finishing sentence, ending sentence, double negation, combination of long and short sentences, antithesis of sentences, etc.
a. Contradictory sentence: seemingly contradictory, but it contains the author's deep meaning.
Example 4: "About Kong Yiji is indeed dead" (Lu Xun's Kong Yiji)
Appreciation: "About" and "indeed" seem to be contradictory, but in fact it is the author's ingenuity, which reveals the inevitability of Kong Yiji's tragic fate, and through this character image, it also reveals the cruel and cold society and the indifference of all people.
B. The eye is indispensable for painting a dragon. These sentences are the eyes of the article.
Example 5: "She drinks and swallows in order to love her son; Barely bite the bullet and say that she played well in order to hope that her son would make progress "(Zou Taofen's My Mother)
Appreciation: From this complex mentality, the image of a great mother who hopes her son to make progress but loves her son very much is vividly reproduced, and the theme of the article with such a sentence is also penetrating the paper.
C. concluding sentence: the summary of the above may arouse readers' association and inspire readers to think with endless aftertaste.
Example 6: "I had a good dream that the rice we planted was as tall as sorghum, with ears as long as brooms and grains as big as peanuts. A few friends are sitting under the ears of rice to enjoy the cool. " (Qu Zhihong, Zhu Dongju, Li Bin's "Dream Garden in Yuan Longping")
Appreciation: ending with Yuan Longping's beautiful dream can not only make the article point at the end; It also further highlights Yuan Longping's spirit of constantly pursuing his "dream" (ideal) and pursuing higher goals and lofty ideals throughout his life.
In addition, some aphorisms and lyrical comments in this article are also worthy of attention.
note: appreciation should be based on the overall perception of reading, instead of picking words and sentences, taking meanings out of context and being divorced from the text, it should be fully linked with the central idea of the article, the characters, the author's thoughts and feelings and the context.
(2) Appreciation from the perspective of structural function.
A paragraph often contains several layers of meaning. If the meaning of each layer is to be structured and integrated, some words or sentences will play a role in this respect. There are six common structural functions of a sentence: leading the following, connecting the preceding with the following (transition), paving the way for the following, echoing before and after (reference), summarizing the above or summarizing the full text, and pointing out the center or sublimation center. Wait. We should grasp the general leading sentence, transition sentence and summary sentence and analyze their structural functions.
Example 7: "The distant bell suddenly awakened the deep dream of the sea."
Appreciation: This is a transitional sentence, which serves as a link between the preceding and the following, and is a link between sleeping and waking the sea, and the ebb and flow of the tide.
Example 8: Title (Question 19) in the reading title "The Call of the Year" for the senior high school entrance examination in Jiangxi Province in 28: Please briefly talk about the function of the underlined sentence "One call, one cavity of love" in the article.
Appreciation: When we think about the function of the underlined sentence "One call, one cavity loves" in the text, we should clearly define the thinking angle as "What is the function of this sentence in structure and theme?" Structurally coordinate with the topic, that is, point the topic; Point out the center on the theme and express your love for your hometown and relatives.
3. Appreciation from the perspective of word use.
The meanings of many key sentences are often conveyed by one or two verbs, adjectives, adverbs, quantifiers and other key words. Grasping the key words in a sentence to deeply understand the sentence is a commonly used and desirable method to appreciate the sentence.
Example 9: Grass sneaks out of the soil, tender and green. (Spring)
Appreciation: "Stealing" and "drilling" describe the squeezing force of spring grass breaking through the ground, and the scene that spring grass has quietly emerged inadvertently and the author's feeling of surprise. At the same time, this writing makes the unconscious and emotionless grass seem to have consciousness and emotion. "tender and green" is placed at the end of the sentence, emphasizing the characteristics of green grass; Make sentences lively and full of life.
Example 1: There is a bun of white flowers on the top of the tree, like a Japanese nurse. (Lao She's Winter in Jinan
Appreciation: Can you change other synonyms? Such as "heap", you can't, because it is a light snow, and the word "heap" is not appropriate. "Top" writes the unique meaning of small trees after a light snow, which is light and smart, just like the metaphor behind it, "like a Japanese nurse."
The common features of sentences in language are as follows: some are accurate and vivid (or plain), some are vivid and concrete, some are accurate and rigorous, and some are easy to understand and humorous. What language features a sentence has depends on the style and context. We should grasp the overall characteristics of the sentence and analyze the key words in the sentence to obtain effective information.
(2) Look at the sentence from the content and emotion
Each sentence itself can extract a certain content, and some are full of some thoughts and feelings of the author. In appreciating the answers to sentences, content, thoughts and feelings are an indispensable part.
Example 11.28 The title (No.21) in the reading title "Father and Son" of Yancheng senior high school entrance examination: How to understand the meaning of the underlined sentence "Don't worry, son, this broom won't lose your face"?
appreciation: when we think about this sentence, we add a "why" before the sentence, which translates into "why can't this broom lose your face?" According to the article, we can know that this is his dissatisfaction with the loss of some qualities of his son. "Broom" represents frugality and diligence, and these beautiful human qualities will always have the value of existence and will never make people lose face. Furthermore, he essentially said that he would not lose face to his son.
Example 12.27 Changzhou senior high school entrance examination reading topic "The wind blows all his life" (question 16): Tell the meaning of "he was completely blown off the car by the wind" in the fifth paragraph.
Appreciation: This sentence uses the rhetorical device of quasi-object, which vividly shows that grandpa is old, just like something on a bicycle, the object is completely blown down by the wind, and he can no longer ride a bike! If we can get rid of the figurative rhetoric of this sentence, we can express it in our own plain words: Grandpa is old and can't ride a bike anymore.
(3) Looking at sentences from the perspective of writing methods
We can consider from three aspects: looking at the expression methods used in sentences, looking at the description methods used in sentences, and looking at the expression techniques used in sentences.
1. Appreciation from the perspective of expression. Descriptive sentences that depict characters and express the environment often play a role in setting off and rendering the character.
Example 13: In summer, the wind rustles among the trees overlooking the tomb of the unknown, and the warm sunshine plays on the tomb; In winter, snow gently covers this dark land. "(The Most Beautiful Tomb in the World)
Appreciation: This beautiful and comfortable scenery is accompanied by Tolstoy, a great writer buried here. It can be seen that Tolstoy, who is accompanied by nature, is as eternal as nature, thus reflecting his great personality.
2. Appreciate it from the perspective of expression (art). Artistic techniques are all kinds of concrete means of expression used by writers to shape artistic images and express aesthetic feelings in their creation, such as setting off, contrast, lyricism by taking advantage of scenery, expressing ambition by holding objects, association, imagination, symbol and so on.
Example 14: "The large and small islands embraced and snuggled, and the mountains fell asleep quietly. The stars are blinking their lazy eyelids on their heads, as if they were going to sleep. "
Appreciation: With the scenery islands, mountains and stars around the sea as the backdrop, the "quiet beauty" of sleeping in the sea is further promoted, and readers feel that this is a beautiful, gentle and quiet "sleeping picture" on the sea.
Example 15: "I like the sea and spoil it, especially when the tide comes."
Appreciation: The author speaks frankly, vividly expresses the author's praise for the great power of nature, and shows the author's positive attitude towards life.
Second, appreciate the sentence from multiple angles
The same sentence can be appreciated from different angles. Students only need to find a breakthrough point and appreciate it from a certain angle.
Example 16: "Every day when the tide comes, I hear the sound of the waves hitting the rocks, and I see droplets rising and falling like drizzle, fog and dusk; Sometimes it is fishy and salty, and it has been rushing into our window lattice, sticking to us and wetting everything in the room. "
Appreciation: 1. Grasp the key words to appreciate: Use "rushing", "sticking" and "wetting" to describe the action when the tide comes, which shows the dreamy magic of the tide and the softness like a veil.
2. Appreciation from the perspective of rhetoric: The author uses three metaphors to describe the tides. The three metaphors of "drizzle", "morning mist" and "dusk smoke" arouse readers' rich associations. Is it rainy in spring, foggy in dawn or hazy in dusk? It gives people a feeling of getting wet and illusory, and vividly shows the fantastic magic of the tide.
3. Appreciation from the angle of artistic techniques: The author describes the sound, shape, breath and movement of the tide from five angles: hearing, sight, smell, taste and touch. "drizzle", "morning fog" and "dusk smoke" are used to describe the form when the tide comes, and "fishy smell" and "salty taste" are used to describe the breath when the tide comes.
Third, the foothold of sentence appreciation
Each sentence can extract certain contents, some of which are full of the author's thoughts and emotions, or express the main idea of the article. Therefore, to appreciate a sentence, we must first find the starting point of appreciation (from which angle), but the foothold lies in analyzing what the sentence has written and what kind of emotion or theme it shows.
Example 17: Hai finally got angry. It roared and attacked, violently rushed to the shore, impacted the cracks in the rock, and poked the barriers of the rock.
appreciation: we can start from the perspective of rhetoric (personification), and the foothold is to analyze the content of this sentence. This sentence shows the spectacular scene and majestic momentum when the sea is angry.
Example 18: "This is a great movement, and the beauty of the sea lies here."
Appreciation: You can choose artistic techniques (direct lyric) as the starting point, and the foothold is to analyze how this sentence expresses the author's feelings or the main idea of the article. In the face of stormy waves, timid people will feel fear, but brave and strong people will feel happy. The tide of the sea aroused the author's emotion, which gave him heartfelt admiration. From this sentence, we can see Lu Yan's aggressive and brave attitude towards life through his love for the sea. At this point, the theme of the full text has been sublimated.
In short, there are many ways to appreciate sentences. In the teaching process, as long as we teach students methods, let them know the rules of answering questions, master the methods of answering questions, clear the angle of answering questions, practice and think more, we will certainly improve students' ability to appreciate sentences.
First of all, we should see that these writing techniques belong to artistic expression techniques (namely, artistic techniques and expression techniques, and also include expression techniques (skills)), and the common ones are: exaggeration, comparison, metaphor, personification, suspense, care, association, imagination, The combination of suppression, point-to-face combination, dynamic and static combination, narrative and discussion combination, scene blending, contrast, foreshadowing, supporting objects and expressing aspirations, fine drawing, paving suspense, front-side metaphor and symbol, satirizing the present through the ancient times, revealing the ambition, connecting the preceding with the following, coming straight to the point, contrast, rendering, dynamic and static contrast, and writing techniques belong to artistic expression techniques (that is, artistic techniques and expression techniques Combination of inhibition, combination of point and surface, combination of dynamic and static, combination of narrative and discussion, blending of scenes, contrast, care before and after, expression of ambition by supporting objects, lyricism by borrowing scenes, paving suspense, positive side, metaphor and symbol, satirizing the present through the past, connecting the preceding with the following, cutting to the chase, contrast rendering, dynamic and static contrast, etc ....., virtual and real writing, supporting objects and lyricism, etc. Expression means common narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation. (In fact, it also belongs to artistic expression). Rhetoric is the common metaphor, contrast, analogy, antithesis, metonymy, exaggeration, intertextuality, pun, rhetorical question, rhetorical question, repetition, irony and quotation.
1. reading rules of narrative
1. the function of scenery description: to render the atmosphere, contrast the mood of the characters, promote the development of the plot, show the quality of the characters, and set off the central meaning
2. the function of using description methods: to show the characters' personality and reflect the theme of the works
3. the function of rhetoric such as metaphor personification: to use the rhetoric of ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………