The Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties lasted for nearly four centuries, from the founding of the People's Republic of China in the third century to the reunification of the Sui Dynasty in the late sixth century. During this period, several regimes were separated for a long time, and some border ethnic minorities moved to the Central Plains and some Han people, especially the looting and scuffle between the ruling groups, which not only prolonged the separatist situation, but also aggravated social unrest. At the same time, it also accelerated the communication and integration between the Han nationality and various ethnic minorities, promoted the rapid social and economic development in remote areas and southern areas, and prepared conditions for the prosperity of the Sui and Tang Dynasties in the future. Therefore, the characteristics of archaeology in this period are: strong local characteristics; The transformation is more significant; The number of remote areas has increased; Many relics highlight military needs, and the relics reflecting the cultural exchanges of various ethnic groups are more eye-catching; There are many Buddhist relics preserved and Buddhist sculptures developed, which vividly shows that this foreign religion has been widely spread. The discovery and recording of archaeological materials in the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties began in the Tang Dynasty. The Northern Song Dynasty advocated the restoration of the ancient ritual system, and it became a common practice to discuss ancient artifacts. The development of local economy in Song and Yuan Dynasties promoted the compilation of Du Yizhi. Therefore, a detailed record of the remains of the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties should start from the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The Qing Dynasty advocated epigraphy, stone carving compilation and ancient artifacts textual research, which was larger in scale and ahead of the Song and Yuan Dynasties. From the late Qing Dynasty to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, a large number of tombs of the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties were discovered in railway engineering, and a large number of funerary objects flowed into the market. Since then, the collection and description of epigraphy experts mainly rely on the scope of handed down relics; What followed was the plunder and destruction of imperialism. At that time, the most seriously damaged places were Luoyang, Henan and Shaoxing, Zhejiang, especially Luoyang. Imperialism colluded with businessmen, and most of the northern dynasties near Luoyang were looted in more than ten years. The wave of looting and destruction in Jiangsu, Shandong, southern Hebei, southern Liaoning and eastern Jilin. /kloc-Since the end of 0/9, some countries have sent people into Xinjiang, China, and plundered and destroyed various relics and relics for a long time, which attracted the attention of academic circles and began to conduct on-the-spot investigations on important relics. More importantly, Peking University College of Literature visited Gansu (1923) and (1924), and caves in Xinjiang (1928 ~ 1930), and China Architecture Society visited Datong, Shanxi (1932). The Central Cultural Relics Protection Committee investigated the tombs of the Six Dynasties in Nanjing and Danyang areas of Jiangsu Province (1934 ~ 1935) and the grottoes in Luoyang and Baoshan areas of Henan Province (1934 ~ 1935), and the archaeological team investigated the southern areas of Hebei Province (1. Important archaeological excavations include Che's and Gaochang's tombs excavated by Northwest Scientific Investigation Team in Turpan (1930) and Wei-Jin tombs excavated by Northwest Historical and Geographical Investigation Team of China Academy of Sciences in Dunhuang (1944). Since the founding of New China, archaeological work in the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty, the Southern and Northern Dynasties has been carried out on a large scale since 1950 ~ 1 Central Cultural Relics Bureau investigated the grottoes in the north and northwest and excavated the tomb of Wu Jin in Yuhuatai. Since 1953, various relics of the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties have been discovered in various places, and the ground remains have also been surveyed. After 1958, the collation and research work was gradually carried out, and the more successful projects were: tomb division and staging research; Study on urban land layout; On the remains of border areas: the study of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries and the study of early cave temples.
According to the field work and preliminary research results, it is feasible to summarize the archaeology of the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty, the Southern and Northern Dynasties and adopt the mode of regional organization. Central Plains and South China are two main areas; The north, northeast and Xinjiang also have their own characteristics; The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and western Sichuan should be divided into another area, but due to few archaeological discoveries, some sites are temporarily attached to the northern region.