Appreciation of Tomb-Sweeping Day's Ancient Poems (1) "Tomb-Sweeping Day in the DPRK"
Zhang Yan
It rains in succession during the Qingming Festival. The tide blocked the sand crossing the river. Looking at pear flower coldly, I love the world all my life.
Yan Hu, Yun Chuang, drunk and crying. Fold a willow leaf. When you come back, who will you stick it in?
Appreciate:
This poem was written after the death of Song Dynasty, expressing the sadness of wandering and loneliness. This word is written about feelings and sadness, which is unique in the selection of scenery, delicate in writing feelings and sadness, and coherent in expression. This makes the words that are usually unremarkable appear humorous and charming in the poet's pen.
The sentence "Tomb-Sweeping Day" describes the rain in Tomb-Sweeping Day, not the rain in Mao Mao, but the rainstorm. Just then, the author braved the rain to find spring, but was trapped by heavy rain. When he saw the river rushing, the tide surged in.
"Looking at it coldly beside the pear flower, life is a person who loves each other at the end of the world." Watching pear blossoms in the rain is also a wonderful and rare scene, but zhangyan did not write it truthfully, but wrote pear blossoms to look at people, and he was "looking on coldly". From her cold eyes, the poet also felt a sense of blame-can a person born in the world be so obsessed with his beloved person for the scenery and flowers in other places like you? This kind of "encounter", this kind of "blame" and the poet's intention to travel in the rain are really counterproductive. And it's hard to argue, and the last movie came to an abrupt end, but it was infinite bitterness, infinite sadness and infinite hatred. This kind of writing method, which endows objective scenery with knowledge and then turns it over, can get a deep and graceful effect, so it has become a common technique in ci. Traveling in the rain, watching the tide and enjoying the flowers, I wanted to forget my troubles, but I didn't know that I was "turned over by pear blossoms". There was no other way but to change places.
"Yan Hu, the cloud window is foggy, and the wine wakes up." "Yan Hu, clouds and windows are foggy" refers to the place where geisha and dancers live. I can't find the scenery in the rain, so I can only kill time in the pearl curtain jade house where hundreds of birds are singing and dancing, and get drunk to solve thousands of worries. However, it is hard to stay in my hometown, although it is good. When the guests are drunk, I see crows crowing, and people go to the building.
"Fold a willow", willow. In ancient times, in Tomb-Sweeping Day, willow was inserted on every door to ward off evil spirits. On the way home, the author also conveniently folded a willow tree, but when he arrived at his residence, he suddenly realized-how can a man with waves have his own home when he stays? The author can't help sighing at the willow. "Who will go home when you come back?" A kind of sadness that a wanderer wants to go home and be homeless suddenly hits his heart. A willow tree with nowhere to insert is full of sadness and resentment, and it is helpless in humor. It's natural for a poet to lift weights easily with a pen, but he doesn't pay attention to it. His skillful use of pen and ingenious conception are amazing.
The expression of words takes the form of understanding and increasing worries, that is, solving the contradiction of increasing worries several times and approaching the theme step by step. The thinking and emotional level of this word is very organized. Poets often use the following individual words to imply and explain the omitted contents. Only by mastering the whole word can they achieve mastery. For example, only when we read the word "awake" can we understand the full meaning of this sentence "Yan Hu, Yun Chuang"; After reading the word "back", I realized that the greetings above are all activities after going out; Only when I read "whose home is it" did I know that this "home" was not its home, and I realized that the whole word was written to send grief to the guests. These humble words, once arranged and combined by poets, not only become the hidden buttons of the whole network, but also form a structure to show the future. As a result, those ordinary themes and plain language add subtle and profound feelings.
Appreciation of Tomb-Sweeping Day's Ancient Poems (Ⅱ): Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival.
Gao qi
New cigarettes make willows forbidden, and apricots are fragrant and vulgar.
There are mountains around the white sky, and there are no homesickness in Qingming.
Under the tomb of Bian Hou, the grass is misty and the flowers are reflected in front of Lu Nv.
I'm glad my old friend is waiting for a letter, and I plan to get drunk in Beijing.
Appreciate:
Tomb-Sweeping Day is an ancient custom, and it is a day for people to sweep away their roots and worship their ancestors, so it is most likely to cause homesickness among wanderers who are far away from home. The artistic conception expressed in this poem is basically the same, but it is especially subtle and euphemistic, full of twists and turns, which is another style in Gao Qi's regular poems.
"Qingming has no guests and doesn't want home" means "no guests", which naturally includes the author himself. But the whole poem directly expresses homesickness, and the rest focuses on the most things, such as weeping willows, apricot, green hills, fragrant grass and fallen flowers. It can be described as colorful, picturesque and even difficult to draw. However, all this does not seem to make the author intoxicated, thus dispelling his homesickness. On the contrary, what he saw and felt set off and triggered his homesickness.
The weeping willows outside the official wall are full of green eyes and the smoke is fresh; Apricot cheese carefully made by others gives off a burst of fragrance. This scenic event tells the author that Tomb-Sweeping Day's arrival will naturally remind him of spending the holiday with his family in his hometown last year. Now, the author of Jinling, the capital city surrounded by green hills, naturally misses his hometown.
"Under the tomb of Bian Hou, there are fans of grass, and flowers are reflected in front of Lu Nv's door." Five or six sentences are profound and complicated. I'm fascinated by the grass, which is full of sadness. In the words of "Chu Ci Zhao Shiguo", "Wang Sun swims without returning, and spring grass gives birth to her mother-in-law." I feel homesick. While the author juxtaposes Fangcao with the tomb of Bianhou, and reflects the fallen flowers with Mo Chounv, which seems to be more abundant and difficult to rely on for a long time and stay prosperous for a long time.
Appreciation of Tomb-Sweeping Day's Ancient Poems (Ⅲ) Drinking in Qingming Festival.
Dynasty: Song Dynasty
Author: Gao Zhu
Original text:
There are many tomb fields in the north and south hills, and the Qingming sweeps each other.
Paper ashes fly into white butterflies, and tears are dyed into red azaleas.
When the sun goes down, the fox sleeps in front of the grave, and the children smile at the lights when the night returns.
As long as you are alive, enjoy your wine and indulge yourself. In the grave after your death, you can't taste a drop.
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The first two lines of a poem are visions, one is about scenery and the other is about people. On this basis, we might as well think that the poet came to pay homage in Tomb-Sweeping Day on this day, not to the place where the tombs gathered, that is, to witness the scene. Because the cemetery is often deep, he is afraid of blocking the way, so he must look to the future at a glance. So what kind of scene is this? "There are many graves and fields in the north and south" and "north and south" are empty meanings, meaning in all directions. Can it be interpreted as "there are many graves on the hills in all directions" Don't we realize the infinite sadness when the poet said this sentence: "(Look! There are so many graves on the mountains in all directions. (Those are dead people! ) "This scheme is much fuller. The following scenery is very logical, there are many cemeteries, and there are many people who come to sweep: "Tomb-Sweeping Day is different." However, there is a problem here. "Every" means that each family has nothing to do with each family, and "numerous" means that there are many people. Then, since there are so many people, why should we "sweep the snow in front of the door"? Won't there be scenes of mutual help and comfort? You know, people generally only respond to each other under what circumstances, that is, they have been so bitter that they know each other well that they don't need to say much.
In the couplets, the poet stepped forward, zoomed in, and described the scenery and characters in detail: "The paper ash flew into a white butterfly, and the tears dyed into a red cuckoo." Literally, it's easier said than done, that is, ghost paper turns to ashes, and the ashes fly all over the sky like a white butterfly; Acacia into tears, tears into blood, like a red cuckoo. But why do you want to make butterflies out of paper ashes and cuckoos out of tears, instead of things beside you? As we all know, in the beautiful myths of ancient China, there are examples of Zhuang Zhou, Die Bian and Du Fu's weeping for blood. Then it is clear: the butterfly is the messenger of communication between yin and yang, and the tomb paper certainly plays such a role; Similarly, how to express acacia is the most sincere, not always like "I miss you like running water, how can I be poor?" This is superficial. "I" want to tell the people in the underworld that "we" miss you so much that our tears are dry, and now it's blood! This shock is beyond words.
According to the development of time, the Necklace continued to write what the poet saw and thought: "When the sun sets, the fox sleeps on the grave, and in the dead of night, the children smile and watch the lights." Of course, that sentence is a virtual scene. Where can a poet meet such a coincidence that a fox sleeps in a cave? It just means that the day's sacrifice is over and everyone goes home at sunset, but "I" know that there is only one animal that will not leave, and that is the fox. What makes you say that? Although "I" didn't see it, "I" didn't even understand the truth that "the fox must die first". You people were crying when sweeping the goods. Where are you sad to see you on weekdays? Foxes are different. They will always be loyal to their companions and "family". Even if you die, aim your head in the direction of the mound! It's really "foxes are like this, why can't people compare"! This kind of strong contrast can't be obtained without careful scrutiny.
But I don't know, this contrast is even stronger: when I come home at night and see the children playing in front of the lights, how can they know the sadness of "me" and the pain of "where are you going?" This is another great shock to us. But more than that, we dig deeper and find that these children are still so weak and naive, but they will grow up, get old and die. This is fate, how regrettable and sad. You see, this is just in line with the idea that poets are tired of death mentioned in the first couplet. Isn't it surprising that there are so many connotations in just fourteen words, and they are all touching and thought-provoking?
To sum up, the poet at the end of the League expressed his attitude: "There is wine to drink in life, and a drop of Jiuquan is not exhausted." It should be said that this is a common psychological normal of literati, eating, drinking and having fun in time. After reading this, we can't help but think of the systematic singing method in Nineteen Ancient Poems, "Life is less than one hundred, and the total worry is chitose." The days are short and the nights are long. Why not travel by candlelight? "Or you may think more directly that" if you have wine today, you will be drunk today and worry about tomorrow tomorrow. "
But is it really that simple? In this regard, I think there is a misunderstanding: that is, we have not distinguished and judged whether the idea of expressing carpe diem has been realized, whether it is empty-minded or helpless. This is a very important issue and can be studied as a special topic. As far as the poem Gao Zhu is concerned, it is obviously pretending to be broad-minded. You see, the poet is still dead. He has thought of not tasting a drop of wine offered to him after his death, which shows how much he yearns for this world! Laozi said: "Five colors are blind, five tones are deaf, five flavors are cool, and they are crazy about hunting." This shows that desire can make people lose their id and gradually become dependent.
Originally, the following should be an analysis of artistic techniques, because it involves theory, which is inconsistent with the purpose of psychological change that I originally wanted to express my appreciation, so it is omitted. Gao Zhu was an important writer of Jianghu Poetry School in the late Southern Song Dynasty, and he was from Ningbo. It can be said that both time and space are coupled with the building key I recently studied.
Appreciation of Tomb-Sweeping Day's Ancient Poems Part IV Qingming
Author: Du Mu
A drizzling rain falls like tears on the Mourning Day; The mourner's heart is going to break on his way.
Ask local people where to buy wine? The shepherd boy just laughed and didn't answer Xingshan Village.
Interpretation of Qingming poetry and prose
On this day, it was raining in Mao Mao, Tomb-Sweeping Day, and people traveling on the road were as confused and desolate as those who lost their souls. Asked where there is a restaurant, the shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village at a distance.
Notes on Qingming Ci
One by one: multiple descriptions.
Broken soul: I am very sad.
Xinghua village: a village deep in apricot flowers. Today is outside Xiushan Gate in Guichi, Anhui Province. Influenced by this poem, later generations often take "Xinghua Village" as the name of the hotel.
Appreciation of Qingming poetry and prose
Shanxi Xinghua Village liquor is mellow and delicious, with a long history. Archaeologists unearthed many tools and utensils for liquor-making in the Han Dynasty in Xinghua Village, and speculated that liquor was brewed on a large scale in the Northern Wei Dynasty about 1500 years ago. By the time of the Tang Dynasty, there were 72 hotels in the village. Xinghua Village is famous for its wine. Li Bai and Du Fu used to drink and write poems here, but Du Mu's poem Qingming is a household name. It is said that by the time of Qing Dynasty, there were already 220 restaurants in Xinghua Village. The main idea of this poem is that during the Qingming Festival, the whole family should get together, but for pedestrians running around in the rain, they are inevitably confused and difficult to calm down. Fortunately, they found a way of liberation. The whole poem is natural and fluent, easy to understand and memorable.