Ceng Gong stands firm, faithfully serves the country, sticks to the scholar's day and pays attention to people's livelihood; He is honest and honest and won't take it. He plowed the land and automatically reduced his salary. He revived Confucianism, saved the literary movement, enjoyed reading alone and attached importance to education; He started Yicun to help the poor, his mother was kind and filial, and his brothers and sisters were respectful. Ceng Gong's character is commendable.
The first is Ceng Gong.
1. Smart since childhood. Ceng Gong was born in 10 19 (the third year of Tianxi). He is called "Mr. Nanfeng" in the world. Jianchang Nanfeng (now Jiangxi) was born. Ceng Gong was a scholar for several generations. His grandfather Zeng Zhiyao was a doctor of Shangshu, and his father was a doctor of Taichang.
Ceng Gong is very talented and has a good memory. When he was young, he read poetry books and could recite them. He and his brother Zeng Ye studied hard together and showed great talent from an early age. When I was twelve years old, I tried to write six theories, and my writing was bold.
2. Be an official in good faith. 1057 joined the Taiping Judicial Army after entering the Jinshi, and 1060 was recommended by Ouyang Xiu. He joined the Taiping Judicial Army, arranged pavilions, arranged sages and served as judges. He has been engaged in the collation of ancient books in Beijing for nine years. Later, at my request, I became a judge in Yuezhou and learned about Qi, Xiang, Hong, Fu, Ming, Bo and other countries.
Ceng Gong served as the local governor for 12 years and served the people wholeheartedly. Wherever he went, he cared about and helped solve the people's sufferings. He has done many good things for the people. After he left office, the local people built a "Nanfeng Temple" beside Daming Lake to commemorate him.
Zongshen expressed his gratitude for this. 1080, Ceng Gong was ordered to work in Cangzhou. When passing by Bianjing, Zong Shen listened to Ceng Gong's views on finance and thought that he was very talented, so he stayed in Beijing and worked in a tertiary hospital. 1082, Scheeren, Ren Zhongshu, Ceng Gong, died in 1083.
4. Peer review
Ceng Gong is Ouyang Xiu's favorite disciple. At that time, Ceng Gong was highly praised by literary circles, but some villains slandered Ceng Gong.
This means that Ceng Gong's articles are unparalleled, just like the stars in the sky and the rivers and seas on land. Although Ceng Gong was slandered and despised by villains, he died unfortunately, but in the future, Ceng Gong will go down in history like Ban Gu and Yang Xiong in the Han Dynasty, and remain immortal! Give Ceng Gong a high evaluation.
..... It means that there are many high-level students under Ouyang Xiu, but Ceng Gong is the highest. As soon as this flower opens, the others can't be seen.
Second, Ceng Gong's achievements in literature
1. Wen Yi Ming Dow
Ceng Gong was an active participant in the poetry and prose innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty and the backbone of the new ancient prose movement in the Song Dynasty. He accepted Ouyang Xiu's thought of ancient prose creation. On the theory of ancient prose, he advocated the combination of literature and Taoism, and advocated that "literature should take Ming Dow as the body".
Most of his articles were written by Ming Dow, and his writing style is known as "quaint, upright and harmonious". His style of writing originated from the Six Classics, and it is also the best of Sima Qian and Han Yu. It is primitive, gentle, strict in rules and good at reasoning.
Ceng Gong's prose can be divided into three categories according to style: narrative prose, discussion prose and scenery description and reasoning prose.
1) Narrative prose is informative, emotional and relevant. For example, a letter to Mr. Ouyang Sheren and a ruling in Fuzhou have always been regarded as model essays.
2) Argumentation, analysis of whispers, clarification of doubts, self-reliance, analysis and identification of difficulties, not revealing. For example, Preface to the Catalogue of Warring States Policy is a magnificent and highly respected book. Mao Kun said: "The general idea is similar to the new order, which is fundamental and has statutes." (4) Wang Daosiyun: "How strict, but graceful." (9 quoted from Yao Nai's Collection of Ancient Literary Words)
3) Write prose about scenery and reasoning, which is both about scenery and reasoning, integrating notes, arguments and lyricism. For example, the story of Daoshan Pavilion and the story of Mo Chi are profound, powerful and reasonable.
Ceng Gong's articles are divided into: personnel miscellaneous notes, engineering construction, temple notes and study notes. Among them, the number of articles in personnel miscellanies is the largest, which can best show the characteristics of Ceng Gong's prose.
Ceng Gong, as one of the eight famous poets in Tang and Song Dynasties, has been handed down from generation to generation with Feng Leizi and Longping Collection in Yuan Dynasty. Judging from his collected works handed down from ancient times, his interests mainly lie in practical articles such as historical biography and strategic theory. In particular, he has been engaged in the compilation of historical books for many years, and he has studied the writing of historical inscriptions. Studying and summarizing his theory of practical writing is of guiding significance to the development of modern practical writing.
Express your feelings in poetry.
Ceng Gong can write poetry. There are more than 400 poems, which are characterized by natural simplicity, vigor and detachment, fresh words and profound meanings. Among his poems, the seven unique achievements are the highest, such as West Building, South of the City, Singing Willow, etc., all of which are excellent works for describing scenery and expressing emotions.
Ceng Gong's poems can be divided into three categories: documentary poems, epic poems and parting poems.
1) Documentary poetry. Ceng Gong's documentary poems inherit and carry forward the literary tradition of Du Fu's realistic poems in the Tang Dynasty, with the main contents of reflecting social reality, paying attention to people's sufferings, exposing political abuses and commenting on state affairs, and showing his Confucian thoughts of caring for people's livelihood, helping the world and rejuvenating the country.
For example, the phrase "poverty under the mountain" in Rent Pursuit describes the tragic situation of peasants being exploited layer by layer in the famine year and attacks local officials. It has effectively strengthened the position and role of literature in the political development of ancient China.
2) chant epic poems. Scholars in ancient China prefer to satirize the present and express their feelings by reciting history. Ceng Gong's poems often express his feelings by commemorating historical figures and evaluating historical events.
For example, in the poem Yang Yan, Ceng Gong admired Yang Xiong's immortal words and Yan Hui's immortal virtue, and encouraged himself to enter Xiu De with their persistent pursuit of Taoism. Poetry satirizes reality with history and exhorts the rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty with history. It embodies the Confucian thought of saving the people and saving the world.
3) parting poems. The sadness of parting is the most common emotion expressed by ancient poets through poetry. There are more than 65,438+000 poems in The Collection of Ceng Gong, which contain feelings of parting. When Ceng Gong came back from Chuzhou to visit Ouyang Xiu, he felt sad and left, and praised Ouyang Xiu's talent and character. Farewell poems are also a true record of Ceng Gong's important life stage and mentality.
3. Confucian system
Ceng Gong's thought belongs to the Confucian system. He agreed with Confucius and Mencius' philosophical views, emphasizing "benevolence" and "sincerity", and believed that as long as he was open-minded and introspected and cultivated himself sincerely according to the golden mean, he could understand and dominate the world. Politically, he opposed the merger policy and advocated developing agriculture and opening up roads. When he was a local official, he was pregnant with "benevolence"
Thirdly, the artistic conception expressed in Ceng Gong's Singing Willow.
1. Original poem
2. Significance
Ceng Gong's poem "Chanting Willow" is a work of expressing feelings. It is not a poem of chanting willow in essence, but it has profound social significance.
The superficial meaning of the poem is: the messy willow branches are not yellow yet, flying wildly against the east wind, and their catkins are overwhelming and flying all over the sky, trying to cover the sun and the moon, but I don't know that there will be autumn frost between heaven and earth.
The poet grasped the characteristics of willow branches fluttering in the wind and vividly described the state of willow branches dancing wildly in the wind with anthropomorphic brushwork. In the process of reading, through the description of Liu's image, readers can deeply understand the image of a villain who is bullying when he is successful.
The first three sentences of the poem are about the madness of the villain's success They bared their teeth and bared their hands, unbridled, trying to dominate the world. The word "I don't know" in the fourth sentence is a stupid and absurd degradation and ridicule of willow. They don't know that when autumn comes, there will be frost after frost between heaven and earth, and then these "willows" will be frozen and withered.
3. Artistic conception
Artistic conception is a poetic space where scenes blend, reality and reality coexist, life rhythm is active and charm is endless. Simply put, artistic conception is the meaning and realm conveyed by literary works with the help of images.
In Ceng Gong's poem "Singing Willow", the artistic conception lies in the blending of scenes, and the author does not show his sharp edge. It seems to be writing the scene of willow in early spring, but in fact it is profound and thought-provoking by borrowing things to contain philosophy. It expresses the author's satire on the evil forces that become rampant after relying on power. The sentence "I wonder if there is clear frost in heaven and earth" plays the role of finishing touch in the whole poem, because the poet gave a solemn warning to those villains who succeeded for a while, which is a kind of vigilance.
compare
Let's take a look at He's "Singing Willow" with the same topic.
This poem is really a poem praising nature. The author also praised the vitality brought by spring through the vivid description of willow trees. The first two sentences of the poem compare the fresh leaves of willow to jasper, and countless willow branches to green ribbons, vividly depicting the charming posture of willow branches swaying in the wind. "I don't know who cut the thin leaves. The spring breeze in February is like scissors." Comparing the warm and cold February spring breeze with scissors, readers can see the magic and dexterity of the creator of nature. The author is imaginative and ingenious, expressing the poet's love for willow, spring and nature.
It can be clearly seen from the two poems with the same topic that one is satire, the other is praise, the other is to castigate the ugly phenomenon of society, and the other is to praise the thriving scenery of nature. In this poem by Ceng Gong, he offended the villain for the official and made him see the ugliness of human nature, so he sighed.
In a word, Ceng Gong's poem "Singing Willow" profoundly reveals the social reality, allowing readers to see the faces of those adulterers who rely on power. At the same time, Ceng Gong reminds these people not to be too wild, and they will be rewarded sooner or later.
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